常凌雅,馬 冬,李 鷗,王新月,張 琪,張麗杰,閆錫釗,鄭寰宇
華北理工大學(xué) 唐山工人醫(yī)院婦二科,河北唐山 063000
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·論 著·
Krüppel樣因子5和腫瘤壞死因子受體超家族成員11a在宮頸癌組織及細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)及其作用
常凌雅,馬 冬,李 鷗,王新月,張 琪,張麗杰,閆錫釗,鄭寰宇
華北理工大學(xué) 唐山工人醫(yī)院婦二科,河北唐山 063000
目的 探討Krüppel樣因子5 (KLF5)和腫瘤壞死因子受體超家族成員11a(TNFRSF11a)在宮頸癌組織中的表達(dá)及對(duì)宮頸癌細(xì)胞增殖、遷移和侵襲的作用。方法 利用基因芯片篩查宮頸組織中細(xì)胞應(yīng)答炎癥反應(yīng)的相關(guān)基因mRNA的表達(dá)。采用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR對(duì)芯片檢測(cè)的結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。免疫雙熒光染色檢測(cè)宮頸組織中KLF5和TNFRSF11a的共表達(dá)。在人宮頸癌HeLa細(xì)胞中,采用脂質(zhì)體轉(zhuǎn)染特異性小分子干擾RNA分別敲低KLF5和TNFRSF11a的表達(dá),構(gòu)建KLF5超表達(dá)腺病毒,感染細(xì)胞過(guò)表達(dá)KLF5。Western blot檢測(cè)細(xì)胞內(nèi)相關(guān)蛋白水平變化。采用雙熒光素酶報(bào)告基因檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子KLF5對(duì)TNFRSF11a的表達(dá)調(diào)控作用。CCK8和Transwell實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞增殖和遷移侵襲情況。臨床分析TNFRSF11a的mRNA表達(dá)與宮頸癌臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系。結(jié)果 基因芯片結(jié)果證實(shí)宮頸鱗癌組織中基因TNFRSF11a、KLF5較正常宮頸組織表達(dá)上調(diào)(P=0.002,P=0.045),實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR結(jié)果證實(shí)與正常宮頸組織相比,宮頸上皮內(nèi)瘤變(CIN) Ⅰ、CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ、宮頸鱗癌組織中KLF5和TNFRSF11a的mRNA表達(dá)結(jié)果均上調(diào)(KLF5:F=32.79,P=0.018,P=0.014,P=0.011;TNFRSF11a:F=36.72,P=0.013,P=0.010,P=0.009)。免疫雙熒光染色結(jié)果證實(shí)與正常宮頸組織相比,CIN Ⅰ、CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ、宮頸鱗癌組織中KLF5和TNFRSF11a的蛋白表達(dá)結(jié)果均上調(diào)(KLF5:F=42.38,P=0.014,P=0.008,P=0.002;TNFRSF11a:F=35.42,P=0.021,P=0.012,P=0.004)。體外實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)KLF5靶向調(diào)控TNFRSF11a的表達(dá)并促進(jìn)宮頸癌細(xì)胞的增殖和遷移侵襲。臨床分析顯示TNFRSF11a的mRNA表達(dá)與腫瘤病理分級(jí)、臨床分期、肌層浸潤(rùn)深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移正相關(guān)(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 KLF5和TNFRSF11a與宮頸癌相關(guān);KLF5通過(guò)上調(diào)TNFRSF11a的表達(dá)促進(jìn)宮頸癌細(xì)胞的增殖和侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移。
宮頸癌;Krüppel樣因子5;腫瘤壞死因子受體超家族成員11a;增殖;侵襲
ActaAcadMedSin,2017,39(2):196-205
近年來(lái)宮頸癌發(fā)病年輕化的趨勢(shì)較為明顯,放化療及靶向新藥物治療預(yù)后仍有約30%的患者出現(xiàn)局部復(fù)發(fā)或遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移[1]。由于宮頸癌的發(fā)病機(jī)制仍不明確,因此,適當(dāng)?shù)膫€(gè)體化宮頸癌治療仍難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。Krüppel樣因子5(Krüppel like factors 5,KLF5)作為重要的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子可以通過(guò)調(diào)控靶基因影響細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移侵襲等生物學(xué)功能[2]。已有報(bào)道KLF5在宮頸癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展過(guò)程中發(fā)揮促進(jìn)作用[3],而其在宮頸癌中低表達(dá)也曾被報(bào)道[4],所以KLF5對(duì)宮頸癌的作用仍需探討。腫瘤壞死因子受體超家族(tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily,TNFRSF)11a是TNFRSF的成員之一,其在骨轉(zhuǎn)移較多發(fā)生的乳腺癌[5]、前列腺癌細(xì)胞[6]中被發(fā)現(xiàn)高表達(dá),且作為癌癥骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者的一個(gè)不良預(yù)后因素[5]。同時(shí)研究顯示腫瘤壞死因子超家族(tumor necrosis factor superfamily,TNFSF)11/TNFRSF11a可促進(jìn)宮頸癌細(xì)胞HeLa和SiHa的增殖[7],提示TNFRSF11a具有促進(jìn)宮頸癌發(fā)生發(fā)展的潛在可能性。然而KLF5和TNFRSF11a在宮頸癌組織中的表達(dá)和其相互關(guān)系是否影響腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展尚不清楚。因此,本研究旨在通過(guò)臨床分析KLF5和TNFRSF11a在宮頸癌變中的表達(dá)及采用體外實(shí)驗(yàn)研究KLF5是否通過(guò)調(diào)控TNFRSF11a影響宮頸癌細(xì)胞生物學(xué)功能,從而為宮頸癌的臨床診斷、治療及預(yù)后提供分子靶點(diǎn)。
芯片組織標(biāo)本 用于分析基因差異表達(dá)的3例宮頸鱗癌組織及3例正常宮頸組織均來(lái)自唐山市工人醫(yī)院,采用簡(jiǎn)單隨機(jī)抽樣的抽簽法選取,分別將標(biāo)本組織提取總RNA送公司用于基因芯片檢測(cè)。
宮頸組織標(biāo)本 選取2013年3月至2015年6月唐山市工人醫(yī)院行宮頸活檢及手術(shù)治療病例,臨床資料完整,且術(shù)前未接受放化療治療,共147例,其中正常宮頸43例、宮頸上皮內(nèi)瘤變(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)66例(其中CIN Ⅰ21例、CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ 45例)、宮頸鱗癌(cervical squamous cell carcinoma,CSCC)38例?;颊吣挲g、初潮年齡、性伴侶數(shù)、妊娠次數(shù)、流產(chǎn)次數(shù)、抽煙及飲酒情況差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。所有研究標(biāo)本的收集均獲得患者知情同意,并經(jīng)兩位病理醫(yī)師確診診斷。根據(jù)WHO細(xì)胞分化標(biāo)準(zhǔn),高、中分化者24例、低分化者14例;國(guó)際婦產(chǎn)科聯(lián)盟分期,Ⅰ期26例、Ⅱ期12例。有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移11例、無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移者27例。
基因芯片檢測(cè) Trizol試劑提取樣本總RNA,采用NanoDrop- 1000定量及電泳檢測(cè)RNA完整性。應(yīng)用Agilent Scanner G2505C掃描Affymetrix表達(dá)譜芯片結(jié)果,原始數(shù)據(jù)用Command Console Software 4.0讀取,質(zhì)控合格的數(shù)據(jù)歸一化處理采用NimbleScan軟件,用RMA算法進(jìn)行計(jì)算。差異基因篩選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為變化幅度≥2為上調(diào)基因,變化幅度<-2為下調(diào)基因。采用GO分析差異表達(dá)基因的生物學(xué)功能。實(shí)驗(yàn)由上??党缮镉邢挢?zé)任公司完成。
體外細(xì)胞培養(yǎng) HeLa人宮頸癌細(xì)胞株由河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第四醫(yī)院腫瘤研究所饋贈(zèng),分別以含10%胎牛血清RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基、5%二氧化碳、37℃恒溫培養(yǎng)箱中常規(guī)培養(yǎng),細(xì)胞密度4×104/L,取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期細(xì)胞用于以下實(shí)驗(yàn)。293A細(xì)胞由河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第四醫(yī)院腫瘤研究所饋贈(zèng),高糖伯克改良伊格爾培養(yǎng)基+10%胎牛血清,5%二氧化碳,37℃恒溫培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。
免疫雙熒光法檢測(cè)KLF5和TNFRSF11a的表達(dá) 所有宮頸組織標(biāo)本均經(jīng)4%多聚甲醛液固定,固定好的組織經(jīng)乙醇脫水,二甲苯透明,石蠟包埋,切片厚4 μm。以上標(biāo)本采用間接免疫熒光法,按說(shuō)明書操作。KLF5兔抗人多克隆抗體,TNFRSF11a鼠抗人多克隆抗體,F(xiàn)luorescein標(biāo)記的熒光二抗和Rhodamine標(biāo)記的熒光二抗(KPL公司)及4’,6-二脒基- 2-苯基吲哚(Sigma公司)核染色。激光共聚焦熒光顯微鏡下觀察攝片,Image Pro-Plus 6.0(Media Cybernetics,Inc.,U.S.A)圖像分析軟件分析KLF5和TNFRSF11a表達(dá)的熒光強(qiáng)度。
實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)mRNA表達(dá) 按Trizol試劑盒說(shuō)明書提取組織或細(xì)胞總RNA,以RNA為模板,采用PCR逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(美國(guó)Invitrogen 公司)逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA后,采用 實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR反應(yīng)試劑盒(美國(guó)Invitrogen 公司)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR反應(yīng),內(nèi)參為β-actin。應(yīng)用 Primer Premier 軟件,分別設(shè)計(jì)上下游引物:KLF5:正向引物:5’-AAGCTACAATACGCTTGGCCT- 3’;反向引物:5’-TTGGAGAG- ACTGGGATTGC- 3’;TNFRSF11a:正向引物:5’-CC- GCCTAAGTGGAGATAAGGAAA- 3’;反向引物:5’-AAGTTCATCACCTGCCCGCT- 3’;腎連蛋白:正向引物:5’-GTGGCCCAGGCAAATAGTGT- 3’;反向引物:5’-GTTGGCACACAGGCTGACA- 3’;細(xì)胞因子信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)抑制因子5:正向引物:5’-CTCCTTCGGCCTTCACCTAC- 3’;反向引物:5’-ATAAAATCGTGACCAATAGCAGGC- 3’;睫狀神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)因子受體:正向引物:5’-GCGCCCGAGAAAGGACTCTA- 3’;反向引物:5’-AGCAGCCATCTCTTCACCAC- 3’;C-X-C趨化因子配體13:正向引物:5’-ACTCTGCTAATGAGCCTGGAC- 3’;反向引物:5’-CCTTGGACTGGAGAGAGGCT- 3’;磷脂酶C β脂:正向引物:5’-GATGAGCCCAGATGGCCG- 3’;反向引物:5’-AGTTGAGTCATCATCCCACTTGA- 3’;白細(xì)胞介素6信號(hào)傳感器:正向引物:5’-CCTGTGACTTTCAAGGGAACTT- 3’;反向引物:5’-GATTCAGGGCTTCCTGGTCC- 3’;β-actin:正向引物:5’-GAAAGCCTGCCGGTGACTAA- 3’;反向引物:5’-AGGAAAAGCATCACCCGGAG- 3’。擴(kuò)增反應(yīng)條件:95℃、2 min,95℃、15 s,72℃、35 s,40個(gè)循環(huán)。以公式2-△△Ct(Ct為循環(huán)閾值)計(jì)算目的基因mRNA的表達(dá)水平,每組實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
體外細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn) 河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)生物化學(xué)研究室饋贈(zèng)綠色熒光蛋白表達(dá)的腺病毒和KLF5表達(dá)的腺病毒。293A細(xì)胞接種于培養(yǎng)皿,細(xì)胞達(dá)60%~80%匯合時(shí),加入病毒原液,24 h后觀察熒光表達(dá),3~4 d后約90%細(xì)胞表達(dá)熒光時(shí)離心收集細(xì)胞,經(jīng)反復(fù)凍融3次后,高速離心收集上清液得到較高滴度的重組腺病毒,-80℃保存?zhèn)溆?。KLF5基因過(guò)表達(dá)采用腺病毒感染,KLF5和TNFRSF11a基因敲低采用Lipo2000脂質(zhì)體介導(dǎo)靶向短發(fā)夾RNA轉(zhuǎn)染HeLa細(xì)胞。其中KLF5特異性小分子干擾RNA為:正向引物:5’-C- GAUUACCCUGGUUGCACA- 3’,反向引物:5’-AAG- CUCACCUGAGGACUCA- 3’;TNFRSF11a特異性小分子干擾RNA:正向引物:5’-GATCCCCGCGCTGACAG- CTAATTTG- 3’,反向引物:5’-AGCTTAAAAAGCGCTGACAGCTAATTT- 3’。非特異性小分子干擾RNA購(gòu)自江蘇吉瑪公司。按照Lipo2000說(shuō)明書操作轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞。
Western blot方法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞蛋白表達(dá) 兔抗KLF5多克隆抗體和鼠抗TNFRSF11a抗體(Sigma 公司);辣根過(guò)氧化物酶標(biāo)記的羊抗兔IgG、羊抗鼠IgG二抗,增強(qiáng)型化學(xué)發(fā)光底物試劑盒(江蘇碧云天生物技術(shù)研究所);細(xì)胞裂解法提取細(xì)胞總蛋白,采用BCA法檢測(cè)總蛋白含量,10% SDS-PAGE凝膠電泳,硝酸纖維膜轉(zhuǎn)印,5%脫脂奶粉封閉,一抗(1∶100稀釋)4℃過(guò)夜孵育、洗膜、二抗(1∶2000稀釋)避光室溫孵育,洗膜,顯影。β-actin為內(nèi)參蛋白。通過(guò)Image J圖像分析軟件分析條帶灰度值,以目標(biāo)蛋白條帶灰度值/內(nèi)參條帶灰度值表示目的基因相對(duì)蛋白表達(dá)水平,每組實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
雙熒光素酶報(bào)告基因分析 克隆TNFRSF11a近端啟動(dòng)子+1~2000 bp序列并插入到熒光素酶報(bào)告基因質(zhì)粒(pGL3-basic)中。在24孔板中培養(yǎng)293A細(xì)胞,當(dāng)細(xì)胞密度為60%~80%時(shí)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)染。分別轉(zhuǎn)染TNFRSF11a啟動(dòng)子報(bào)告基因質(zhì)粒0.6 μg及內(nèi)參照pRL-β-actin 5 ng。每組設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔。每孔轉(zhuǎn)染后繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h,細(xì)胞分別感染綠色熒光蛋白腺病毒和KLF5腺病毒4 h。轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后應(yīng)用雙熒光素報(bào)告基因檢測(cè)熒光素酶活性。
CCK- 8法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)活性 HeLa細(xì)胞接種于96孔板,每孔100 μl細(xì)胞懸液,待細(xì)胞貼壁后進(jìn)行分組培養(yǎng),每組設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔,分別培養(yǎng)24、48、72、96 h后,每孔加入10 μl CCK- 8溶液,設(shè)置1個(gè)無(wú)細(xì)胞孔調(diào)零,培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)繼續(xù)孵育4 h,酶標(biāo)儀在450 nm處測(cè)定光密度值,繪制細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)曲線。
Transwell檢測(cè)細(xì)胞的侵襲能力 將存活的HeLa細(xì)胞種入已鋪好Matrigel基質(zhì)膠的Transwell小室上層,行無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)36 h,吸去孔中培養(yǎng)基,用PBS洗2次,4%多聚甲醛固定30 min,稍微晾干后用結(jié)晶紫染色20 min,用棉簽擦去上室面上的細(xì)胞,PBS洗3次,取出小室,晾干,鏡下拍照。100倍顯微鏡下計(jì)數(shù)上下左右中5個(gè)隨機(jī)不同視野的穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù),取平均值。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。細(xì)胞遷移實(shí)驗(yàn):方法同侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn),但Transwell上室不用基質(zhì)膠處理,觀察時(shí)間為24 h。
統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 應(yīng)用SPSS 19.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用百分率表示,組間對(duì)比采用χ2檢驗(yàn);計(jì)量資料均經(jīng)正態(tài)性及方差齊性檢驗(yàn),以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用q檢驗(yàn),采用Spearman秩相關(guān)分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
宮頸組織基因芯片結(jié)果分析及驗(yàn)證 在質(zhì)量保證的前提下,采用包括22 000個(gè)人類基因的 oligo 芯片。GO分析結(jié)果顯示,與正常組織相比,宮頸鱗癌組織中細(xì)胞應(yīng)答炎癥反應(yīng)的相關(guān)基因上調(diào)表達(dá)(圖1、表1)。采用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)芯片檢測(cè)結(jié)果中的8個(gè)上調(diào)基因進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果顯示宮頸癌組織中KLF5、Npnt、Socs5、TNFRSF11a、Cxcll3、Il6st較正常組織表達(dá)顯著上調(diào)(t=5.230,P=0.035;t=6.343,P=0.024;t=7.231,P=0.019;t=17.460,P=0.003;t=8.548,P=0.013;t=11.998,P=0.007),Cntfr、Plcb1表達(dá)有上調(diào)趨勢(shì),但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.721,P=0.065;t=4.109,P=0.054)(圖2)。
宮頸組織中KLF5和TNFRSF11a的mRNA表達(dá)水平及相關(guān)性 與正常對(duì)照組相比,KLF5和TNFRSF11a的mRNA在CINⅠ組、CINⅡ-Ⅲ組和CSCC組中的表達(dá)水平逐漸升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(KLF5:F=32.79,P=0.018,P=0.014,P=0.011;TNFRSF11a:F=36.72,P=0.013,P=0.010,P=0.009),與CINⅡ-Ⅲ組相比,CSCC組中KLF5和TNFRSF11a的mRNA表達(dá)水平增高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(KLF5:q=2.792,P=0.018;TNFRSF11a:q=2.801,P=0.012)(圖3)。采用Spearman法檢驗(yàn)不同宮頸組織中KLF5與TNFRSF11a的mRNA表達(dá)的相關(guān)性,在CINⅠ組中KLF5與TNFRSF11a的mRNA表達(dá)無(wú)相關(guān)性;在CINⅡ-Ⅲ組中KLF5與TNFRSF11a的mRNA表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)(r=0.360,P=0.015);在宮頸癌組織中KLF5與TNFRSF11a的mRNA表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)(r=0.353,P=0.030)。
Adipoq:脂聯(lián)素;KLF5:Krüppel樣因子5;Npnt:腎連蛋白;Socs5:細(xì)胞因子信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)抑制因子5;TNFRSF11a:腫瘤壞死因子受體超家族成員11a;Cntfr:睫狀神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)因子受體;Cxcl13:C-X-C趨化因子配體13;Plcb1:磷脂酶Cβ1;Il6st:白細(xì)胞介素6信號(hào)傳感器
Adipoq:adiponectin;KLF5:Krüppel like factors 5;Npnt:neph- ronectin;Socs5:suppressor of cytokine signaling 5;TNFRSF11a:tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11a;Cntfr:ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor;Cxcl13:C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13;Plcb1:phospholipase C beta 1;Il6st:interleukin 6 signal transducer
A. 正常宮頸組織;B. 宮頸癌組織
A. normal cervical tissues;B. cervical squamous carcinomas tissues
圖 1 宮頸組織基因芯片測(cè)序圖
Fig 1 Heatmap of genes involved in cervical tissues
表 1 正常宮頸組織及宮頸癌組織基因表達(dá)差異分析
CSCC:宮頸鱗癌;與正常對(duì)照組比較,aP=0.035;bP=0.024;cP=0.019;dP=0.003;eP=0.013;fP=0.007
CSCC:cervical squamous cell carcinoma;aP=0.035,bP=0.024,cP=0.019,dP=0.003,eP=0.013,fP=0.007 compared with control group
圖 2 基因?qū)崟r(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果
Fig 2 Result of gene chip in reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
宮頸組織中KLF5和TNFRSF11a的表達(dá) 4’,6-二脒基- 2-苯基吲哚免疫熒光染色試劑盒檢測(cè)不同人宮頸組織中的KLF5和TNFRSF11a的表達(dá)顯示,KLF5和TNFRSF11a共表達(dá)于宮頸組織,隨著宮頸癌變的進(jìn)展,KLF5和TNFRSF11a表達(dá)增高,熒光強(qiáng)度增加,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(KLF5:F=42.38,P=0.014,P=0.008,P=0.002;TNFRSF11a:F=35.42,P=0.021,P=0.012,P=0.004)(圖4)。
CINⅠ:宮頸上皮內(nèi)瘤變Ⅰ級(jí);CINⅡ-Ⅲ:宮頸上皮內(nèi)瘤變Ⅱ-Ⅲ級(jí);CSCC:宮頸鱗癌;與正常對(duì)照組相比,aP=0.018,bP=0.013,cP=0.014,dP=0.010,eP=0.011,fP=0.009;與CINⅡ-Ⅲ組相比,gP=0.018,hP=0.012
CINⅠ:cervical intraepithelial neoplasiaⅠ;CINⅡ-Ⅲ:cervical intraepithelial neoplasiaⅡ-Ⅲ;CSCC:cervical squamous cell carcinoma;aP=0.018,bP=0.013,cP=0.014,dP=0.010,eP=0.011,fP=0.009 compared with control group;gP=0.018,hP=0.012 compared with CINⅡ-Ⅲ group
圖 3 KLF5和TNFRSF11a在不同宮頸組織中的mRNA表達(dá)
Fig 3 The mRNA expressions of KLF5 and TNFRSF11a in different cervical tissues
與正常對(duì)照組相比,aP=0.014,bP=0.021,cP=0.008,dP=0.012,eP=0.002,fP=0.004
aP=0.014,bP=0.021,cP=0.008,dP=0.012,eP=0.002,fP=0.004 compared with control group
A. KLF5(紅色)和TNFRSF11a(綠色)的免疫熒光染色結(jié)果(×200);B.不同宮頸組織免疫熒光染色后熒光強(qiáng)度統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果
A. immunofluorescence staining of KLF5 (red) and TNFRSF11a (green) (×200);B. the statistical results of fluorescence intensity for different cervical tissue
圖 4 不同宮頸組織中KLF5和TNFRSF11a的表達(dá)
Fig 4 Expressions of KLF5 and TNFRSF11a in different cervical tissue
KLF5靶向調(diào)控TNFRSF11a的表達(dá) HeLa細(xì)胞分別感染腺病毒過(guò)表達(dá)KLF5或采用脂質(zhì)體轉(zhuǎn)染小干擾RNA敲低KLF5表達(dá),經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)轉(zhuǎn)染效率達(dá)70%~80%。PCR和Western blot研究結(jié)果顯示:在基礎(chǔ)水平和TNF-α誘導(dǎo)情況下,HeLa細(xì)胞過(guò)表達(dá)KLF5均能夠顯著增加TNFRSF11a的轉(zhuǎn)錄(圖5A)和蛋白翻譯水平(與綠色熒光蛋白表達(dá)的腺病毒組相比,F(xiàn)=15.32,P=0.034,P=0.029,P=0.009)(圖5C);相反,敲低HeLa細(xì)胞KLF5的表達(dá)能夠阻止基礎(chǔ)水平和TNF-α誘導(dǎo)的TNFRSF11a的轉(zhuǎn)錄(圖5B)和蛋白翻譯水平(與非特異性小分子干擾RNA組相比,F(xiàn)=20.01,P=0.012,P=0.015,P=0.022)(圖5D)。熒光素酶報(bào)告基因顯示293A細(xì)胞感染KLF5表達(dá)腺病毒后熒光素酶活性明顯增強(qiáng)(t=4.11,P=0.015)(圖5E)。
KLF5依賴TNFRSF11a的表達(dá)促進(jìn)HeLa細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移和侵襲 CCK8和Transwell實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí),盡管在HeLa細(xì)胞中感染KLF5,腺病毒過(guò)表達(dá)KLF5可促進(jìn)HeLa細(xì)胞的增殖和遷移侵襲,脂質(zhì)體介導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)染TNFRSF11a特異性小分子干擾RNA 敲低TNFRSF11a的內(nèi)源性表達(dá)能夠抑制HeLa細(xì)胞的增殖和遷移侵襲,但是敲低TNFRSF11a后再過(guò)表達(dá)KLF5仍然抑制HeLa細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移和侵襲能力[與對(duì)照組相比,F(xiàn)48 h=10.04,P=0.072,P=0.036,P=0.057;F72 h=19.16,P=0.061,P=0.029,P=0.017;F96 h=23.51,P=0.012,P=0.022,P=0.020(圖6B);與對(duì)照組相比,F(xiàn)=35.21,P=0.035,P=0.015,P=0.049(圖6C);與對(duì)照組相比,F(xiàn)=28.96,P=0.047,P=0.011,P=0.039(圖6D)]。
TNFRSF11a的mRNA表達(dá)與宮頸癌臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系 將宮頸癌組中TNFRSF11a的mRNA表達(dá)結(jié)果與臨床病理參數(shù)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,結(jié)果顯示TNFRSF11a mRNA的表達(dá)與腫瘤病理分級(jí)、臨床分期、肌層浸潤(rùn)深度和淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移均呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05)(表2)。
宮頸癌在全球女性最常見的癌癥中排第2位[1],是由前體上皮組織從低度鱗狀上皮內(nèi)病變到高度鱗狀上皮內(nèi)損傷,并最終導(dǎo)致癌變[8]。宮頸癌具有較強(qiáng)的侵襲遷移能力,其局部復(fù)發(fā)和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移影響宮頸癌患者的治療效果及預(yù)后,但有關(guān)其增殖及侵襲遷移的分子通路尚不清楚。
Ad-KLF5:KLF5重組腺病毒;Ad-GFP:綠色熒光蛋白重組腺病毒;TNF-α:腫瘤壞死因子α;si-KLF5:KLF5特異性小分子干擾RNA;si-NS:非特異性小分子干擾RNA;pGL3-Basic:熒光素酶報(bào)告基因質(zhì)粒3-Basic;與Ad-GFP組相比,aP=0.034,bP=0.029,cP=0.009;與si-NS組相比,dP=0.012,eP=0.015,fP=0.022;與pGL3-Basic組相比,gP=0.015
Ad-KLF5:adenovirus containing-KLF5;Ad-GFP:adenovirus containing-green fluorescent protein;TNF-α:tumor necrosis factor-α;si-KLF5:small interfering-KLF5;si-NS:small interfering-non-specificity RNA;pGL3-Basic:luciferase reporter gene plasmid 3-Basic;aP=0.034,bP=0.029,cP=0.009 compared with Ad-GFP group;dP=0.012,eP=0.015,fP=0.022 compared with si-NS group;gP=0.015 compared with pGL3-Basic group
A. 過(guò)表達(dá)KLF5后HeLa細(xì)胞內(nèi)KLF5、TNFRSF11a蛋白水平;B. 敲低KLF5后HeLa細(xì)胞內(nèi)KLF5、TNFRSF11a蛋白水平;C. 過(guò)表達(dá)KLF5后HeLa細(xì)胞內(nèi)TNFRSF11a的mRNA水平;D. 敲低KLF5后HeLa細(xì)胞內(nèi)TNFRSF11a的mRNA水平;E. 雙熒光素酶報(bào)告基因檢測(cè)在293A 細(xì)胞中KLF5激活TNFRSF11a基因啟動(dòng)子
A. the protein level of KLF5 and TNFRSF11a in HeLa cells after overexpression KLF5;B. the protein level of KLF5 and TNFRSF11a in HeLa cells after knockdown KLF5;C. the mRNA level of TNFRSF11a in HeLa cells after overexpression KLF5;D. the mRNA level of TNFRSF11a in HeLa cells after knockdown KLF5;E. the TNFRSF11a gene promoter was significantly activated by KLF5 in 293A cells,as determined by dual-luciferase assays
圖 5 KLF5調(diào)控TNFRSF11a的表達(dá)
Fig 5 KLF5 targeting regulated the expression of TNFRSF11a
炎癥在腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用,本研究選取正常宮頸組織及宮頸癌組織行基因芯片及實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè),細(xì)胞應(yīng)答炎癥反應(yīng)的相關(guān)基因TNFRSF11a、Il6st、Cxcll3、Socs5、KLF5、Npnt在宮頸癌中表達(dá)較正常組織顯著上調(diào)。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)多個(gè)信號(hào)通路參與宮頸癌的發(fā)生與發(fā)展,如核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子κΒ信號(hào)通路[9]、Janus激酶-信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)及轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子信號(hào)通路[10]、細(xì)胞外調(diào)節(jié)MAP激酶信號(hào)通路[11],激活的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路將胞外信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楹藘?nèi)信號(hào),通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的激活導(dǎo)致下游基因的表達(dá)或抑制,并發(fā)揮相應(yīng)的生物學(xué)作用。轉(zhuǎn)錄因子KLF5被發(fā)現(xiàn)通過(guò)激活ERK通路促進(jìn)乳腺癌的生長(zhǎng)[12],TNFRSF11a被其配體激活后可誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞外調(diào)節(jié)MAP激酶通路調(diào)控多種病理生理過(guò)程[13]。因此有必要進(jìn)一步研究KLF5和TNFRSF11a是否與宮頸癌變過(guò)程有關(guān)及二者的相關(guān)性。
KLF5在許多腫瘤類型中異常表達(dá),研究顯示其在部分三陰性的乳腺癌病例中特異性高表達(dá)[14];同樣在前列腺癌中,其表達(dá)與正常組織相比明顯上調(diào)[15];而在腸道腫瘤和腺瘤性病變中,KLF5的表達(dá)下調(diào)[16]。這些結(jié)果表明在不同的腫瘤細(xì)胞中KLF5的表達(dá)有所不同。Marrero-Rodríguez等[3]研究顯示KLF5在正常組織、低度鱗狀上皮內(nèi)病變、高度鱗狀上皮內(nèi)病變和宮頸癌樣本中的表達(dá)有逐漸上調(diào)趨勢(shì),而Botezatu等[4]研究顯示轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子β、含WW結(jié)構(gòu)域的E3泛素蛋白連接酶1在CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ和宮頸癌樣本中表達(dá)上調(diào),而KLF5在宮頸癌中下調(diào)。以上研究KLF5在宮頸癌中表達(dá)的結(jié)果相反,可能是由于其在腫瘤發(fā)生中具有環(huán)境相關(guān)性或者研究方法的不同所致,因此仍需探討其在宮頸癌變中的作用。本研究通過(guò)實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR和免疫雙熒光染色檢測(cè)證實(shí)隨著宮頸病變的進(jìn)展,KLF5的mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)水平均上調(diào)(P<0.05),提示其可能促進(jìn)宮頸組織癌變。
si-TNFRSF11a:TNFRSF11a特異性小分子干擾RNA;與對(duì)照組相比,aP=0.036,bP=0.029,cP=0.017,dP=0.022,eP=0.020,fP=0.012;與對(duì)照組相比,gP=0.035,hP=0.015,iP=0.049;與對(duì)照組相比,jP=0.047,kP=0.011,lP=0.039
si-TNFRSF11a:smal linterfering-TNFRSF11a RNA;aP=0.036,bP=0.029,cP=0.017,dP=0.022,eP=0.020,fP=0.012 compared with control group;gP=0.035,hP=0.015,iP=0.049 compared with control group;jP=0.047,kP=0.011,lP=0.039 compared with control group
A. HeLa細(xì)胞內(nèi)KLF5和TNFRSF11a蛋白水平;B. HeLa細(xì)胞的增殖情況;C. HeLa細(xì)胞的遷移情況;D. HeLa細(xì)胞的侵襲情況
A. the protein level of KLF5 and TNFRSF11a in HeLa cells;B. the proliferation of HeLa cells;C. the migration of HeLa cells;D. the invasion of HeLa cells
圖 6 KLF5通過(guò)TNFRSF11a促進(jìn)HeLa細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移及侵襲
Fig 6 KLF5 promote proliferation,migration,and invasion of HeLa cells dependant-TNFRSF11a expression
表 2 TNFRSF11a的mRNA表達(dá)與宮頸癌臨床病理特征的關(guān)系(2-△△Ct,x-±s)
研究顯示TNFRSF11a在乳腺癌中上調(diào),與腫瘤組織病理級(jí)別正相關(guān),且作為乳腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者的一個(gè)不良預(yù)后因素[5];其在前列腺癌細(xì)胞中也被發(fā)現(xiàn)高表達(dá),并被認(rèn)為在細(xì)胞生存和轉(zhuǎn)移中發(fā)揮重要作用[6]。已有報(bào)道TNFRSF11a可異常表達(dá)在宮頸癌組織中[17],同時(shí)研究已顯示TNFSF11/TNFRSF11a可促進(jìn)宮頸癌細(xì)胞HeLa和SiHa的增殖[7]。本研究顯示在CSCC和CIN組織中TNFRSF11a表達(dá)上調(diào),且與腫瘤病理分級(jí)、臨床分期、肌層浸潤(rùn)深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移正相關(guān)(P<0.05),提示其可能與宮頸癌變有關(guān)。
目前已證明KLF5可通過(guò)增強(qiáng)或抑制許多有關(guān)細(xì)胞周期、血管生成相關(guān)基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄致癌。例如其可以通過(guò)緊密控制成纖維細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子結(jié)合蛋白癌基因表達(dá)促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖、生存以及腫瘤生長(zhǎng)[12]。同時(shí)KLF5在多個(gè)生長(zhǎng)因子的信號(hào)通路中發(fā)揮重要作用,包括腫瘤壞死因子、蛋白激酶C、轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子-β、類視黃醇和雄激素等[18]。研究顯示腫瘤壞死因子超家族/腫瘤壞死因子受體超家族成員功能包括監(jiān)管細(xì)胞的分化、增殖和生存[19]。本研究證實(shí)KLF5和TNFRSF11a在宮頸病變組織中表達(dá)正相關(guān)。體外研究顯示KLF5可通過(guò)調(diào)控TNFRSF11a表達(dá)進(jìn)而促進(jìn)HeLa細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移及侵襲,提示KLF5與TNFRSF11a可能存在上下游關(guān)系參與宮頸癌變相關(guān)調(diào)控機(jī)制。
人乳頭瘤病毒的感染與宮頸癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展關(guān)系密切,已有報(bào)道在CSCC患者中發(fā)現(xiàn)人乳頭狀瘤病毒18感染并將致癌基因整合于KLF5第4外顯子[20],但其是否影響KLF5的表達(dá),進(jìn)而參與TNFRSF11a表達(dá)調(diào)控和相關(guān)信號(hào)途徑機(jī)制未見報(bào)道。因此,筆者將進(jìn)一步研究KLF5調(diào)控TNFRSF11a的表達(dá)是通過(guò)何種信號(hào)途徑改變細(xì)胞生物學(xué)活性,以期發(fā)現(xiàn)新的宮頸癌變治療的藥物靶點(diǎn)。
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Expressions and Functions of Krüppel Like Factor 5 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 11a in Cervical Cancer Tissues and Cells
CHANG Lingya,MA Dong,LI Ou,WANG Xinyue,ZHANG Qi,ZHANG Lijie,YAN Xizhao,ZHENG Huanyu
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Workers’ Hospital of Tangshan, North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan,Hebei 063000,China
Corresponding author:ZHENG Huanyu Tel:0315- 3722603,E-mail:zheng_huan_yu@163.com
Objective To investigate the expressions of Krüppel like factor 5 (KLF5) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11a (TNFRSF11a) in cervical cancer tissues and their effect on proliferation,migration,and invasion of HeLa cells. Methods Microarray technology was used to detect the mRNA expression of gene in cytocine stimulusin cervical tissues,and the result was verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expressions of KLF5 and TNFRSF11a in cervical tissues were detected by double immunofluorescence staining. HeLa cells were transfected with specific small interfering RNA to knock down the endogenous TNFRSF11a and KLF5 and were infected with adenovirus containing KLF5 to over-express KLF5,respectively. Protein level was detected by Western blot. The regulatory effect of KLF5 on candidate target gene (TNFRSF11a) was determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The activity of the cell proliferation,migration,and invasion was detected by using cell counting kit- 8 assay and Transwell assay. Results The results of microarray technology showed that the expressions of KLF5 and TNFRSF11a were significantly higher in cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with normal cervical tissues (P=0.002,P=0.045),and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that the mRNA expressions of KLF5 and TNFRSF11a were significantly higher in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅰ,CINⅡ-Ⅲ and cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with normal cervical tissues (KLF5:F=32.79,P=0.018,P=0.014,andP=0.011;TNFRSF11a:F=36.72,P=0.013,P=0.010,andP=0.009) and double immunofluorescence staining showed that the protein expressions of KLF5 and TNFRSF11a were significantly higher in CIN Ⅰ,CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ and cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with normal cervical tissues (KLF5:F=42.38,P=0.014,P=0.008,andP=0.002;TNFRSF11a:F=35.42,P=0.021,P=0.012,andP=0.004) and increased with the carcinogenesis. The experimentinvitroconfirmed that KLF5 promotes proliferation,migration,and invasion of HeLa by up-regulating TNFRSF11a expression. Clinical analysis showed that the expression of TNFRSF11a mRNA was positively correlated with tumor pathological grading,clinical stage,depth of invasion,and lymph node metastasis (allP<0.05). Conclusions KLF5 and TNFRSF11a are related to cervical cancer. KLF5 promote the proliferation,migration,and invasion of cervical cancer cells partly by upregulating the transcription of TNFRSF11a.
cervical cancer;Krüppel like factor 5;tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11a;proliferation;invasion
鄭寰宇 電話:0315- 3722603,電子郵件:zheng_huan_yu@163.com
R737.33
A
1000- 503X(2017)02- 0196- 10
10.3881/j.issn.1000- 503X.2017.02.006
2016- 08- 22)