馬先杰+崔保松+韓少偉+李帥
[摘要] 采用硅膠、ODS、Sephadex LH-20、RP-HPLC等色譜分離方法,對白及的90%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位進行化學成分研究,根據(jù)化合物的波譜數(shù)據(jù)進行結構鑒定。從該植物中分離得到18個化合物,分別為5-羥基-2-(對羥基芐基)-3-甲氧基聯(lián)芐(1)、shancigusin B(2)、shanciguol(3)、arundinan(4)、3′,5-二羥基-2,4-二(對-羥基芐基)-3-甲氧基聯(lián)芐(5)、arundin(6)、3,3′-二羥基-2-(4-羥基芐基)-5-甲氧基聯(lián)芐(7)、3,3′-二羥基-2′,6′-二(對羥芐基)-5-甲氧基聯(lián)芐(8)、7-羥基-2,4-二甲氧基菲(9)、bleformin B(10)、nudol(11)、3,7-二羥基-2,4-二甲氧基菲(12)、2,7-二羥基-4-甲氧基-9,10-二氫菲(13)、bleformin D(14)、4,4′-二甲氧基-9,10-二氫-[6,1′-聯(lián)菲]-2,2′,7,7′-四醇(15)、gymconopin C(16)、(2,3-反式)-2-(4-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)3-羥甲基-10-甲氧基-2,3,4,5-四氫菲[2,1-b]呋喃-7-醇(17)、shanciol(18)。其中化合物1為新的聯(lián)芐類化合物,化合物2~6,9,15~18為首次該屬植物中分離得到。
[關鍵詞] 白及;化學成分;聯(lián)芐類;菲類;二氫菲類
Chemical constituents from tuber of Bletilla striata
MA Xian-jie,CUI Bao-song,HAN Shao-wei,LI Shuai*
(State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines,Institute of Materia Medica,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100050,China)
[Abstract] Eighteen compounds were isolated from the EtOAc soluble fraction of Bletilla striata by various chromatographic techniques,such as silica gel,ODS,Sephadex LH-20,RP-HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods and physicochemical properties,as 5-hydroxy-2-(p-hydroxybenzyl)- 3- methoxybibenzyl(1),shancigusins B(2),shanciguol(3),arundinan(4),3′,5-dihydroxy-2,4-di(p-hydroxybenzyl)-3-methoxybibenzyl(5),arundin(6),3,3′-dihydroxy-2-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-5-methoxybibenzyl(7),3,3′-dihydroxy-2′,6′-bis(p-hydroxybenzyl)-5-methoxybibenzyl(8),7-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene(9),bleformin B(10),nudol(11),3,7-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene(12),2,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenathrene(13),bleformin D(14),4,4′-dimethoxy-9,10-dyhydro-[6,1′-biphenanthrene]-2,2′,7,7′-tetraol(15),gymconopin C(16),(2,3-trans)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-10-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-phenanthro[2,1-b]furan-7-ol(17),shanciol(18). Among them,compound 1 was a new compound,Compounds 2-6,9,15-18 were isolated from this genus for the first time.
[Key words] Bletilla striata;chemical constituents;bibenzyls;phenanthrenes;dihydrophenanthrenes
中藥白及來源于蘭科植物白及Bletilla striata(Thunb.)Reichb.f. 的干燥塊莖,其味苦、甘、澀,微寒,歸肺、肝、胃經(jīng),具有收斂止血,消腫生肌的功效,用于咯血,吐血,外傷出血,瘡瘍腫毒,皮膚皴裂[1]。目前,關于白及的化學成分報道主要集中在聯(lián)芐類、二氫菲類、菲類、聯(lián)菲類等,其藥理活性主要有止血作用、抗腫瘤作用、抗菌作用、抗炎鎮(zhèn)痛作用和促進創(chuàng)傷愈合作用等[2-4],尤其是以細胞毒、抗炎和抗菌活性作用顯著,可能為中藥白及發(fā)揮抗腫瘤、抗炎和抗菌活性的物質基礎,而且與其傳統(tǒng)功效“消腫”及主治“瘡瘍腫毒”相一致。
為了尋找這些活性物質成分,本研究對白及塊莖進行了系統(tǒng)的化學成分研究,分離得到18個化合物,其中包括聯(lián)芐類化合物8個(1~8),菲及二氫菲類化合物4個(9~13),菲類二聚體3個(14~16),二氫菲并呋喃類化合物1個(17),二氫菲并吡喃類化合物1個(18)。本研究分離得到1個新的聯(lián)芐類化合物1,并首次對化合物6的碳信號進行報道并歸屬。以上分離得到的化合物類型屬于白及中的活性成分聯(lián)芐類、菲類和二氫菲類化合物,為白及作為傳統(tǒng)中藥的化學成分研究奠定了物質基礎。
1 材料
Agilent 1000 Series LC-MSD-Trap-SL 型 ESI-MS質譜儀(美國Agilent公司);Inova-500型核磁共振光譜儀(美國Varian 公司);LabAlliance液相色譜儀(美國科學系統(tǒng));半制備色譜柱(Sill Green)為Rp-18(10 mm × 250 mm,5 μm)(北京綠百草科技發(fā)展有限公司);Shimadzu高效液相色譜儀;葡聚糖凝膠Sephadex LH-20 (瑞士 Pharmacia Biotech 公司);柱色譜硅膠(200~300 目)(青島海洋化工廠),薄層色譜硅膠GF254(煙臺江友硅膠開發(fā)有限公司);所有實驗試劑均購自北京化工廠,級別為分析純或色譜純。
白及藥材于2013年5月購自云南昆明市官渡區(qū)菊花園中藥材市場,經(jīng)中國醫(yī)學科學院藥物研究所馬林副研究員鑒定為白及B. striata的干燥塊莖。植物標本保存于中國醫(yī)學科學院藥物研究所標本室(樣品編號ID-S-2766)。
2 提取與分離
白及干燥塊莖100 kg,粉碎,用90%乙醇浸泡,回流提取2次,每次2 h。減壓回收乙醇得浸膏。加入適量水混懸,用乙酸乙酯萃取,回收溶劑后得乙酸乙酯部位400 g。乙酸乙酯部位進行硅膠柱色譜分離,石油醚-丙酮(20∶1,5∶1,2∶1,1∶1)梯度洗脫,得到12個組分A~L。
組分F(8.5 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,石油醚-乙酸乙酯(5∶1,2∶1)等度洗脫,得8個亞組分F1~F8;亞組分F4(1.6 g)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜分離,石油醚-氯仿-甲醇(5∶5∶1)洗脫得11個組分a~k,F(xiàn)4-k(10 mg)經(jīng)過RP-18 HPLC分離,以甲醇-水(68∶32)為流動相,制備得化合物9(5 mg);組分H(32 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,石油醚-乙酸乙酯(10∶1~3∶1)梯度洗脫,得9個亞組分H1~H9;亞組分H4經(jīng)過RP-18 HPLC分離,以甲醇-水(65∶35)為流動相,制備得化合物11(20 mg)和12(30 mg);亞組分H5(12 g)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜分離,石油醚-氯仿-甲醇(5∶5∶1)洗脫得12個流份a~l,H5-G(200 mg)經(jīng)過RP-18 HPLC分離,以甲醇-水(68∶32)為流動相,制備得化合物1(5.0 mg),4(3.0 mg);亞組分H6(4.5 g)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜分離,石油醚-氯仿-甲醇(5∶5∶1)洗脫得13個流份a~m,H6-h(200 mg)經(jīng)過RP-18 HPLC分離,以甲醇-水(60∶40)為流動相,制備得化合物5(3.1 mg),7(12 mg),8(8 mg);組分I(28 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,石油醚-乙酸乙酯(4∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脫,得13個亞組分I1~I13;亞組分I5(3 g)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜分離,石油醚-氯仿-甲醇(5∶5∶1)洗脫得12個亞組分a~l,I5-c(100 mg)經(jīng)過RP-18 HPLC分離,以甲醇-水(55∶45)為流動相,制備得化合物13(30 mg)和17(10 mg);I5-h(150 mg)經(jīng)過RP-18 HPLC分離,以甲醇-水(55∶45)為流動相,制備得化合物6(10 mg)和10(3.0 mg);亞組分19(50 mg)經(jīng)過RP-18 HPLC分離,以甲醇-水(55∶45)為流動相,制備得化合物18(9 mg);組分L(22 g)經(jīng)反相硅膠柱色譜,甲醇-水(50∶50~65∶35)梯度洗脫,得13個亞組分L1~L9;亞組分L3與L4合并共7 g,經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜分離,氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)洗脫得10個流分a~j,亞組分L3-f(200 mg)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜分離,氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)洗脫,再經(jīng)RP-18 HPLC分離,以甲醇-水(58∶42)為流動相,制備得化合物16(7.2 mg);亞組分L3-h(290 mg)經(jīng)RP-18 HPLC分離,以甲醇-水(60∶40)為流動相,制備得化合物2(3.0 mg),14(2.5 mg),15(5.2 mg);L3-I(90 mg)經(jīng)RP-18 HPLC分離,以甲醇-水(60∶40)為流動相,制備得化合物3(4.0 mg)。
3 結構鑒定
化合物1 白色無定型粉末,UV(MeOH)λmax(logε)∶203(3.95),281(3.62);ESI-MS給出的準分子離子峰m/z 335.0 [M+H]+,HR-ESI-MS給出準分子離子峰m/z 335.165 8[M+H]+(C22H23O3計算值為335.164 2),結合13C-NMR譜數(shù)據(jù),確定其分子式為C22H22O3,不飽和度為12。 化合物的1H-NMR譜中顯示有10個芳香氫信號,δ 7.20(2H,t,J=7.5 Hz),7.11(1H,t,J=7.5 Hz)和7.03(2H,d,J=8.0 Hz)表明分子中含有1個單取代苯環(huán)片段,δ 6.86(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz)和6.62(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz)表明子中含有1個對位取代的苯環(huán)片段,δ 6.33(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz)和6.27(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz)為2個間位偶合的芳香氫信號,δ 3.76(3H,s)為1個甲氧基上的氫信號,δ 3.85(2H,s)為1個亞甲基上的氫信號,且亞甲基與苯環(huán)相連;δ 2.69~2.74(2H,m)和2.58~2.63(2H,m)顯示分子中含有2個亞甲基?;衔?的13C-NMR譜中顯示22個碳信號,其中18個芳香碳、1個甲氧基碳和3個亞甲基碳信號;以上數(shù)據(jù)與本研究中的化合物4非常相似,差別在于取代基的位置不同。為了準確確定化合物1的結構,進行了2D NMR實驗。首先采用HSQC對其進行碳氫信號歸屬;在此基礎上,HMBC譜顯示H-4與C-2,5,6相關,H-6與C-2,4,5,β相關,3-OCH3與C-3相關,H-α與C-1′,2′,6′,β相關,H-β與C-1,2,6,α相關,H-2′,6′與C-3′,4′,5′,α相關,H-3′,5′與C-1′,2′,6′相關;H-4′與C-2′,6′相關,H-3″,5″與C- 1″,4″相關,H-7″與C-1,2,3,1″,2″,6″相關,以上結果確定了該化合物為聯(lián)芐類化合物的母核結構,以及甲氧基和對羥基芐基的取代位置分別為3位和2位。在NOESY譜中,H-6與H-β的相關,表明H-6與聯(lián)芐母核的亞甲基處于鄰位;H-4與3-OCH3相關,表明酚羥基處于H-4和H-6之間,而甲氧基與H-4處于鄰位;至此化合物的結構得以確定,并命名為5-羥基-2-(對羥基芐基)-3-甲氧基聯(lián)芐,見圖1。
化合物1 白色粉末,ESI-MS m/z 335 [M+H]+;1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:7.20(2H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-3′,5′),7.11(1H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-4′),7.03(2H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.86(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2″,6″),6.62(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3″,5″),6.33(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-4),6.27(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-6),3.83(2H,s,H-7″),3.74(3H,s,3-OCH3),2.69~2.74(2H,m,H-β),2.58~2.63(2H,m,H-α)。13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:143.6(C-1),119.8(C-2),160.1(C-3),97.9(C-4),157.5(C-5),109.3(C-6),143.3(C-1′),129.4(C-2′,6′),129.2(C-3′,5′),126.8(C-4′),134.2(C-1″),129.9(C-2″,6″),115.8(C-3″,5″),156.0(C-4″),30.5(C-7″),55.9(5-OCH3),38.5(C-α),36.5(C-β)。
化合物2 黃色固體,ESI-MS m/z 449 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:7.18(2H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-3′),7.10(1H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-4′),6.97(2H,d,J=7.5 Hz,H-2′),6.93(4H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2″,6″),6.63(4H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3″,5″),6.40(1H,s,H-4),3.92(4H,s,H-7″),2.64~2.69(2H,m,H-β),2.29~2.35(2H,m,H-α);13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:142.7(C-1),118.8(C-2,6),155.5(C-3,5),101.6(C-4),143.7(C-1′),129.2(C-2′,6′),129.1(C-3′,5′),126.6(C-4′),134.5(C-1″),130.0(C-2″,6″),115.8(C-3″,5″),155.9(C-4″),31.2(C-7″),33.4(C-α),37.6(C-β)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[5]報道對比,故鑒定化合物2為shancigusin B。
化合物3 黃色粉末,ESI-MS m/z 465[M+Na]+;1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:7.01(1H,t,J=8.0 Hz,H-5′),6.93(4H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2″,6″),6.63(4H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3″,5″),6.55(1H,dd,J=8.0,2.0 Hz,H-4′),6.51(1H,br s,H-2′),6.47(1H,br d,J=8.0 Hz,H-6′),6.39(1H,s,H-4),3.91(4H,s,H-7″),2.62~2.68(2H,m,H-α),2.25~2.29(2H,m,H-β);13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:145.4(C-1),119.0(C-2,6),155.9(C-3,5),101.6(C-4),142.8(C-1′),116.0(C-2′),158.3(C-3′),113.7(C-4′),130.2(C-5′),120.6(C-6′),134.6(C-1″),130.1(C-2″,6″),115.9(C-3″,5″),155.6(C-4″),37.7(C- 7″),31.3(C-α),33.4(C-β)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[6]報道對比,故鑒定化合物3為shanciguol.
化合物4 白色粉末,ESI-MS m/z 357[M+Na]+;1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:7.20(2H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-3′,5′),7.12(1H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-4′),7.03(2H,d,J=7.5 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.92(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2″,6″),6.63(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3″,5″),6.30(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-4),6.23(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-6),3.86(2H,s,H-7″),3.69(3H,s,5-OCH3),2.71~2.76(2H,m,H-β),2.58~2.63(2H. m,H-α);13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:143.8(C-1),119.7(C-2),157.5(C-3),100.7(C-4),160.0(C-5),107.3(C-6),143.4(C-1′),129.4(C-2′,6′),129.2(C-3′,5′),126.7(C-4′),134.2(C-1″),130.1(C-2″,6″),115.8(C-3″,5″),156.0(C-4″),30.7(C-7″)55.4(5-OCH3),38.5(C-α),36.6(C-β),。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[7-8]報道對比,故鑒定化合物4為arundinan。
化合物5 白色粉末,ESI-MS m/z 479 [M+Na]+;1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:7.04(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2,6),7.01(1H,t,J=8.0 Hz,H-5′),6.85(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2″,6″),6.64(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3″,3,5″,5),6.56(1H,dd,J=8.0,1.5 Hz,H-4′),6.54(1H,s,H-6),6.50(1H,br s,H-2′),6.49(1H,br d,J=8.0 Hz,H-6′),3.91(2H,s,H-7″),3.85(2H,s,H-7),3.44(3H,s,3-OCH3),2.63~2.68(2H,m,H-α),2.55~2.61(2H,m,H-β);13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:144.8(C-1),124.2(C-2),159.4(C-3),120.4(C-4),158.3(C-5),113.5(C-6),141.8(C-1′),116.2(C-2′),156.2(C-3′),113.7(C-4′),130.2(C-5′),120.8(C-6′),134.1(C-1″,1),130.0(C-2″,6″),115.7(C-3″,5″),155.9(C-4″),36.2(C-7″),130.3(C-2,6),116.0(C-3,5),156.0(C-4),38.6(C-7),62.1(3-OCH3),31.5(C-α),29.7(C-β). 以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[9]報道對比,故鑒定化合物5為3′,5-二羥基-2,4-二(對-羥基芐基)-3-甲氧基聯(lián)芐。
化合物6 白色粉末,ESI-MS m/z 463 [M+Na]+;1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:7.18(2H,t,J=7.5,7.5 Hz,H-3′,5′),7.10(1H,t,J=7.5,7.5 Hz,H-4′),6.97(2H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.92(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2,6),6.85(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2″,6″),6.63(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3,5),6.61(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3″,5″),6.49(1H,s,H-4),3.94(2H,s,H-7),3.91(2H,s,H-7″),3.76(3H,s,5-OCH3),2.66~2.72(2H,m,H-α),2.31~2.36(2H,m,H-β);13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:142.6(C-1),119.5(C-2),158.4(C-3),98.0(C-4),155.9(C-5),120.2(C-6),143.6(C-1′),129.1(C-2′,6′),129.2(C-3′,5′),126.7(C-4′),134.3(C-1″),129.9(C-2″,6″),115.9(C-3,5),156.0(C-4″),31.2(C-7″),134.3(C-1),130.0(C-2,6),115.8(C-3″,5″),156.0(C-4),31.1(C-7),55.9(5-OCH3),37.7(C-β),33.4(C-α)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[10-12]報道對照,故鑒定化合物6為arundin。
化合物7 白色固體,ESI-MS m/z 351[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:7.03(1H,t,J=8.0 Hz,H-5′),6.93(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2″,6″),6.64(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3″,5″),6.57(1H,br d,J=8.0 Hz,H-4′),6.54(1H,m,H-6′),6.53(1H,br s,H-2′),6.30(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-4),6.23(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),3.86(2H,s,H-α′),3.70(3H,s,5-OCH3),2.69~2.74(2H,m,H-α),2.51~2.57(2H,m,H-β);13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:143.9(C-1),119.7(C-2),157.4(C-3),100.1(C-4),160.0(C-5),107.2(C-6),144.9(C-1′),113.7(C-2′),158.3(C-3′),116.3(C-4′),130.2(C-5′),120.8(C-6′),134.2(C-1″),130.1(C-2″,6″),115.9(C-3″,5″),156.0(C-4″),30.7(C-7″),55.5(5-OCH3),38.5(C-β),36.6(C-α)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[13-14]報道對照,故鑒定化合物7為3,3′-二羥基-2-(4-羥基芐基)-5-甲氧基聯(lián)芐。
化合物8 淡黃色粉末,ESI-MS m/z 479 [M+Na]+;1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:7.01(1H,t,J=8.0,7.5 Hz,H-5′),6.93(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2″,6″),6.86(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2,6),6.63(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3″,5″),6.62(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3,5),6.55(1H,dd,J=8.0,1.5 Hz,H-6′),6.50(1H,br s,H-2′),6.48(1H,s,H-4),6.47(1H,br d,J=8.0 Hz,H-4′),3.94(2H,s,H-7″),3.91(2H,s,H-7),3.76(3H,s,5-OCH3),2.66~2.71(2H,m,H-α),2.26~2.31(2H,m,H-β);13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:142.6(C-1),120.3(C-2),158.2(C-3),98.0(C-4),158.3(C-5),119.5(C-6),145.2(C-1′),113.7(C-2′),155.9(C-3′),115.9(C-4′),130.2(C-5′),120.5(C-6′),134.4(C-1″),130.0(C-2″,6″),115.9(C-3″,5″),156.0(C-4″),31.2(C-7″),134.3(C-1),129.9(C-2,6),115.8(C-3,5),155.9(C-4),31.1(C-7),55.9(5-OCH3),37.7(C-α),33.3(C-β)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[15]報道對比,故鑒定化合物8為3,3′-二羥基-2′,6′-二(對-羥基芐基)-5-甲氧基聯(lián)芐。
化合物9 白色粉末,ESI-MS m/z 255[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:9.35(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-5),7.58(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-10),7.53(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-9),7.15(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-8),7.08(1H,dd,J=9.0,2.5 Hz,H-6),6.94(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-1),6.80(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-3),4.08(3H,s,4-OCH3),3.92(3H,s,2-OCH3);13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:102.6(C-1),160.5(C-2),100.3(C-3),158.9(C-4),117.1(C-4a),125.5(C-4b),130.4(C-5),117.4(C-6),155.6(C-7),112.3(C-8),135.7(C-8a),128.6(C-9),128.3(C-10),135.0(C-10a),56.1(4-OCH3),55.8(2-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[16]報道對照,故鑒定化合物9為7-羥基-2,4-二甲氧基菲。
化合物10 白色粉末,ESI-MS m/z 399[M+Na]+;1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:9.34(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-5),7.73(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-10),7.40(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-9),7.09(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-8),7.07(1H,d,J=9.0,2.5 Hz,H-6),7.00(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.62(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3′,5′),4.34(2H,s,H-7′),4.05(3H,s,4-OCH3),3.94(3H,s,3-OCH3);13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:119.3(C-1),148.0(C-2),142.7(C-3),150.8(C-4),119.8(C-4a),125.1(C-4b),129.4(C-5),117.5(C-6),155.9(C-7),112.1(C-8),134.6(C-8a),127.0(C-9),124.5(C-10),129.3(C-10a),133.6(C-1′),130.6(C-2′,6′),115.9(C-3′,5′),156.1(C-4′),31.1(C-7′),61.6(3-OCH3),60.2(4-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[17]報道對照,故鑒定化合物10為bleformin B。
化合物11 棕黃色固體,ESI-MS m/z 269[M-H]-;1H-NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:9.36(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-5),7.51(2H,q,J=9.0 Hz,H-9,10),7.20(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-8),7.18(1H,s,H-1),7.17(1H,dd,J=9.0,2.5 Hz,H-6),4.11(3H,s,4-OCH3),3.97(3H,s,3-OCH3);13C-NMR(125 MHz,CDCl3)δ:108.2(C-1),147.6(C-2),133.6(C-3),153.2(C-4),119.0(C-4a),124.4(C-4b),128.6(C-5),112.0(C-6),140.9(C-7),116.5(C-8),129.7(C-8a),127.4(C-9),126.4(C-10),131.3(C-10a),61.5(4-OCH3),59.8(3-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[18]報道對照,故鑒定化合物11為nudol。
化合物12 棕黃色固體。ESI-MS m/z 269[M-H]-。1H-NMR(CD3COCD3,500 MHz)δ:9.33(1H,d,J=9.5 Hz,H-5),7.58(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-9),7.44(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-10),7.23(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-8),7.22(1H,s,H-1),7.17(1H,dd,J=9.5,2.5 Hz,H-6),3.98(3H,s,4-OCH3),3.92(3H,s,2-OCH3);13C-NMR(CD3COCD3,125 MHz)δ:105.9(C-1),145.3(C-2),141.1(C-3),155.9(C-4),135.0(C-4a),120.0(C-4b),125.3(C-5),112.2(C-6),148.4(C-7),117.4(C-8),123.9(C-8a),129.0(C-9),128.1(C-10),126.4(C-10a),59.6(4-OCH3),56.3(2-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[19]報道對照,故鑒定化合物12為3,7-二羥基-2,4-二甲氧基菲。
化合物13 白色針狀結晶,ESI-MS m/z 265 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:7.94(1H,d,J=9.5 Hz,H-5),6.56(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-8),6.55(1H,dd,J=9.5,2.5 Hz,H-6),6.33(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-1),6.24(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-3),3.74(3H,s,4-OCH3),2.56(4H,s,H-9,10)。13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:108.3(C-1),159.1(C-2),99.3(C-3),156.0(C-4),116.7(C-4a),126.1(C-4b),130.0(C-5),115.0(C-6),157.5(C-7),113.6(C-8),141.8(C-8a),31.8(C-9),31.2(C-10),140.4(C-10a),55.8(4-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[20]報道對照,故鑒定化合物13為2,7-二羥基-4-甲氧基-9,10二氫菲。
化合物14 白色粉末,ESI-MS m/z 611 [M+Na]+;1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:8.07(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5′),8.05(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5),7.02(2H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-2″,6″),6.65(2H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-3″,5″),6.63(2H,m,H-8,8′),6.62(2H,m,H-6,6′),6.62(1H,s,H-3),4.06(1H,d,J=15.5 Hz,H-7″a),4.01(1H,d,J=15.5 Hz,H-7″b),3.90(3H,s,4-OCH3),3.25(3H,s,4′-OCH3),2.64(2H,m,H-10′),2.58(2H,m,H-9′),2.58(2H,m,H-9),2.48(2H,m,H-10);13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:112.8(C-1),156.2(C-2),99.3(C-3),159.0(C-4),117.6(C-4a),126.4(C-4b),130.4(C-5),113.5(C-6),156.0(C-7),114.9(C-8),140.9(C-8a),30.9(C-9),27.5(C-10),142.2(C-10a),122.2(C-1′),153.1(C-2′),117.7(C-3′),156.0(C-4′),121.5(C-4′a),126.4(C-4′b),129.8(C-5′),114.2(C-6′),156.6(C-7′),114.8(C-8′),140.7(C-8′a),31.0(C-9′),28.7(C-10′),140.4(C-10′a),133.5(C-1″),130.2(C-2″,6″),116.0(C-3″,5″),156.1(C-4″),31.8(C-7″),60.0(4′-OCH3),55.9(4-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[17]報道對照,故鑒定化合物14為bleformin D。
化合物15 棕黃色粉末,ESI-MS m/z 503[M+Na]+;1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:9.43(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-5′),8.00(1H,s,H-5),7.44(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-9′),7.43(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-10′),7.11(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-8′),7.08(1H,dd,J=9.0,2.5 Hz,H-6′),6.92(1H,s,H-3′),6.85(1H,s,H-8),6.35(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-3),6.34(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-1),4.13(3H,s,4′-OCH3),3.68(3H,s,4-OCH3),2.76(4H,s,H-9,10);13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:108.4(C-1),157.6(C-2),99.3(C-3),159.2(C-4),116.8(C-4a),126.6(C-4b),133.9(C-5),121.6(C-6),154.4(C-7),115.7(C-8),140.2(C-8a),31.1(C-9),31.9(C-10),142.0(C-10a),115.0(C-1′),153.4(C-2′),100.4(C-3′),160.0(C-4′),116.8(C-4′a),125.7(C-4′b),130.6(C-5′),117.2(C-6′),155.4(C-7′),112.0(C-8′),134.6(C-8′a),128.0(C-9′),126.4(C-10′),134.7(C-10′a),56.1(4′-OCH3),56.0(4-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[21]報道對照,故鑒定化合物15為4,4′-二甲氧基-9,10-二氫-[6,1′-聯(lián)菲]-2,2′,7,7′-四醇。
化合物16 白色粉末,ESI-MS m/z 505 [M+Na]+;1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:8.03(1H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-5),7.88(1H,s,H-5′),6.76(1H,s,H-8′),6.63(1H,dd,J=8.5,2.0 Hz,H-6),6.60(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-8),6.57(1H,s,H-3),6.32(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-1′),6.37(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-3′),3.87(3H,s,4-OCH3),3.74(3H,s,4′-OCH3),2.70(4H,s,H-9′,10′),2.54-2.59(2H,m,H-9),2.49~2.53(2H,m,H-10);13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:118.3(C-1),155.0(C-2),99.4(C-3),158.2(C-4),117.6(C-4a),126.4(C-4b),130.4(C-5),113.5(C-6),156.1(C-7),114.7(C-8),141.3(C-8a),31.2(C-9),28.9(C-10),140.9(C-10a),108.4(C-1′),157.6(C-2′),99.4(C-3′),159.2(C-4′),116.8(C-4′a),126.6(C-4′b),133.0(C-5′),122.2(C-6′),153.9(C-7′),115.5(C-8′),139.9(C-8′a),31.0(C-9′),31.9(C-10′),141.9(C-10′a),56.0(4,4′-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[13]報道對比,故鑒定化合物16為gymconopin C。
化合物17 白色粉末,ESI-MS m/z 443 [M+Na]+;1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:7.99(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-9),6.90(1H,d,J=1.5 Hz,H-2′),6.79(1H,dd,J=8.0,1.5 Hz,H-6′),6.74(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5′),6.63(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-6),6.62(1H,dd,J=9.0,2.5 Hz,H-8),6.54(1H,s,H-11),5.64(1H,d,J=3.0 Hz,H-2),3.84(1H,m,H-1″a),3.83(3H,s,10-OCH3),3.80(3H,s,3′-OCH3),3.58(1H,m,H-1″b),3.45(1H,m,H-3),2.58~2.70(4H,m,H-4,5);13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:88.7(C-2),54.6(C-3),116.7(C-3a),137.5(C-3b),27.9(C-4),30.9(C-5),140.2(C-5a),114.9(C-6),156.2(C-7),113.7(C-8),130.2(C-9),118.0(C-9b),126.1(C-9a),159.4(C-10),93.8(C-11),160.5(C-11a),135.7(C-1′),110.1(C-2′),149.0(C-3′),147.2(C-4′),116.2(C-5′),119.0(C-6′),64.9(C-1″),56.4(3′-OCH3),56.2(10-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[21]中報道對比,鑒定化合物17為(2,3-反式)-2-(4-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)3-羥甲基-10-甲氧基-2,3,4,5-四氫菲[2,1-b]呋喃-7-醇。
化合物18 白色固體,ESI-MS m/z 443 [M+Na]+;1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:8.00(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5),7.00(1H,d,J=1.5 Hz,H-2′),6.88(1H,dd,J=8.0,1.5 Hz,H-6′),6.81(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5′),6.64(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-8),6.61(1H,dd,J=8.5,2.5 Hz,H-6),6.49(1H,s,H-3),4.64(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-13),4.08(1H,ddd,J=5.5,8.0,8.5 Hz,H-12),3.85(3H,s,3′-OCH3),3.80(3H,s,4-OCH3),2.96(1H,dd,J=15.5,5.5 Hz,H-11a),2.67(1H,dd,J=15.5,8.5,H-11b),2.59~2.66(4H,m,H-9,10);13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:131.9(C-1),154.7(C-2),99.6(C-3),157.5(C-4),118.7(C-4a),126.0(C-5a),130.4(C-5),114.7(C-6),156.3(C-7),113.6(C-8),140.3(C-8a),26.4(C-9),30.7(C-10),139.8(C-10a),111.2(C-1′),111.9(C-2′),148.9(C-3′),147.7(C-4′),116.0(C-5′),121.4(C-6′),82.9(C-13),69.2(C-12),32.4(C-12),56.4(3′-OCH3),55.9(4-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[22]報道對比,故鑒定化合物18為shanciol。
4 討論
文獻報道,化合物7和8能夠顯著地抑制微管蛋白聚合,其IC50均為10 μmol·L-1;并且化合物7能夠顯著增強SN-38對于乳腺癌耐藥蛋白轉運紅白血病細胞株的細胞毒活性[23]。化合物10,14對超氧陰離子的產(chǎn)生和彈性蛋白酶的釋放具有抑制作用而表現(xiàn)出抗炎活性,其中化合物14對超氧陰離子的產(chǎn)生具有較強的抑制作用,其IC50為0.2 μmol·L-1 [17];化合物11,12均對乙酰膽堿酯酶有抑制活性,推測該類化合物可能具有神經(jīng)保護的作用[21];化合物13對金黃色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、糞腸球菌及枯草芽孢桿菌等革蘭陽性菌具有中等強度的抗菌作用(MIC 8~128 mg·L-1)[24]。因此,白及具有的抗腫瘤、抗菌、抗炎等作用可能與其所含的上述化合物的活性相關。
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