朱慶均??
[摘要] 世界范圍內(nèi),組織器官纖維化是許多疾病致殘、致死的主要原因,目前尚沒有能夠阻止、逆轉(zhuǎn)纖維化病變的藥物,因此尋找和研發(fā)抗纖維化藥物具有重大意義。組織器官纖維化病變是與細胞外基質(zhì)過度沉積相關(guān)的非生理性瘢痕形成過程,可導(dǎo)致組織器官功能障礙,所有器官的纖維化病變具有相似的組織學(xué)異常改變。近年來,大量研究表明黃芩苷和黃芩素具有抑制多組織器官纖維化的作用,該文就黃芩苷和黃芩素在抗不同器官纖維化的作用和作用機制進行了綜述。黃芩苷及其苷元黃芩素結(jié)構(gòu)和藥理作用相似,在體內(nèi)存在廣泛的生物轉(zhuǎn)化作用,研究表明,黃芩苷和黃芩素能夠通過抑制促纖維因子表達、抑制纖維化相信號通路、抗炎、抗氧化等多種機制抑制不同組織器官纖維化的發(fā)生和發(fā)展,是一種具有開發(fā)潛力的多組織器官抗纖維化藥物。但目前關(guān)于黃芩苷和黃芩素抗纖維化研究也存在一些問題,作為非常有希望的潛在抗多器官組織纖維化藥物,黃芩苷和黃芩素的抗纖維化研究有待于進一步加強。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 黃芩苷; 黃芩素; 抗纖維化; 器官纖維化
Research advances on baicalin and baicalein as potential therapeutic agents for fibrotic disease
ZHU Qingjun
(School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Ji′nan 250355, China)
[Abstract] Tissue and organ fibrosis is the major cause for disability and death related to a variety of diseases worldwide. As specific therapies to halt, or even to reverse the existing tissue fibrosis are not yet available, it is of great significance to find new antifibrosis therapeutic agents. Tissue and organ fibrosis is a nonphysiological scarring process, associated with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, and leads to impairment of organ function. Fibrotic lesions of all organs show similar histological abnormalities. In recent years, plenty of studies showed that Baicalin and baicalein had antifibrosis effects in different tissues or organs. In this paper, the effects and mechanisms of baicalin and baicalein on different organ fibrosis were reviewed. Baicalin and its aglycone baicalein had similarity in structural and pharmacological characteristics, with broad biotransformation effect within the body. The research suggested that baicalin and baicalein can suppress different tissue and organ fibrosis occurrence and development via various mechanisms, including downregulating expression of promotefibrosis cytokines, inhibiting profibrogenic signaling pathways, antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects. Though baicalin and baicalein are promising antifibrosis agents, there is still a long way to go before being approved as specific antifibrotic drugs.
[Key words] baicalin; baicalein; antifibrosis; organ fibrosis
組織纖維化病變是與細胞外基質(zhì)過度沉積相關(guān)的非生理性瘢痕形成過程,包括心臟、肝臟、腎臟、肺、骨髓和皮膚等在內(nèi)的多數(shù)組織臟器都可發(fā)生纖維化病變,可導(dǎo)致組織器官功能障礙,致死率很高[1]。纖維化病變的主要病理過程為組織損傷瘢痕修復(fù)導(dǎo)致組織結(jié)構(gòu)破壞,引起器官或組織功能喪失。目前尚沒有阻止甚或逆轉(zhuǎn)組織纖維化的特異性治療藥物,因此尋找和研發(fā)抗纖維化藥物具有重大意義。
黃芩苷及其苷元黃芩素是從唇形科植物黃芩的干燥根中提取的一類黃酮類化合物,是中藥黃芩的主要有效成分[2],并存在于多種中草藥中,兩者結(jié)構(gòu)和藥理作用相似,在體內(nèi)存在廣泛的生物轉(zhuǎn)化作用[36],均具有解熱抗炎、抗致病微生物感染、抗氧化、抗腫瘤、抗缺血再灌注損傷以及免疫調(diào)節(jié)等多種藥理作用[78]。近些年來,大量研究表明黃芩苷和黃芩素具有抗多種臟器纖維化作用,是非常值得深入研究和開發(fā)應(yīng)用的抗纖維化中藥單體成分。本文對黃芩苷和黃芩素抑制不同組織器官纖維化的研究進行了回顧和綜述。