周凌云, 余小紅, 耿圓圓, 華 燕
(1.皖南醫(yī)學(xué)院 藥學(xué)院,安徽 蕪湖241002;2.西南林業(yè)大學(xué) 林學(xué)院,云南 昆明 650224)
小遠(yuǎn)志中口山酮類(lèi)化學(xué)成分及生物活性研究
ZHOU Lingyun
周凌云1,2, 余小紅2, 耿圓圓2, 華 燕2*
(1.皖南醫(yī)學(xué)院 藥學(xué)院,安徽 蕪湖241002;2.西南林業(yè)大學(xué) 林學(xué)院,云南 昆明 650224)
以小遠(yuǎn)志干燥根莖為原料,采用乙醇提取、硅膠柱層析、Sephadex LH-20、MCI-gel和半制備型HPLC分離等方法對(duì)小遠(yuǎn)志中口山酮類(lèi)化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行研究。從中分離得到18個(gè)口山酮類(lèi)化合物,根據(jù)理化性質(zhì)及ESI-MS、1H NMR、13C NMR等波譜數(shù)據(jù),分別鑒定為:1,7-二羥基口山酮(1),3,6-二羥基-1,2,7,8-四甲氧基口山酮(2),1,7-二羥基-5,6-二甲氧基口山酮(3),1,5-二羥基-6,7-二甲氧基口山酮(4),6-羥基-1,7-二甲氧基口山酮 (5),7-羥基-1-甲氧基口山酮(6),3,8-二羥基-1,2,4-三甲氧基口山酮(7),6,8-二羥基-1,2,3-三甲氧基口山酮(8),1,3,6-三羥基-2,7,8-三甲氧基口山酮(9),3-羥基-1,2,8-三甲氧基口山酮(10),1,3,7-三羥基口山酮(11),1,6-二羥基-2,3-二氧亞甲基-7,8-二甲氧基口山酮(12),1,7-二羥基-2,3-二甲氧基口山酮(13),1,6-二羥基-5,7-二甲氧基口山酮(14),3,7-二羥基-1,2-二甲氧基口山酮(15),3,7-二羥基-1,2,8-三甲氧基口山酮(16),1,2,3,7-四甲氧基口山酮(17),1,6-二羥基-3,5,7,8-四甲氧基口山酮(18),除化合物13外,其它化合物均為首次從該植物中分離得到。對(duì)其中分離所得量較多的化合物1~7進(jìn)行了抗氧化及抗菌實(shí)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)化合物4和1有較好的抗氧化活性,對(duì)ABTS·的IC50值分別為12和13 mg/L;化合物3對(duì)金黃色葡萄球菌有一定的抑制作用,MIC值為217 μmol/L。
小遠(yuǎn)志;口山酮類(lèi)化學(xué)成分; 抗氧化;抗菌
口山酮是一類(lèi)重要的天然產(chǎn)物,具有廣泛的生理活性[1-2],在很多高等植物中均有分布,而該類(lèi)化學(xué)成分最重要的來(lái)源為遠(yuǎn)志科植物,該科包括22個(gè)屬,1 300余種[3]。小遠(yuǎn)志(PolygalasibiricaL. var.megalophaFr.)為云南特有品種,僅分布在云南中部和西北部。小遠(yuǎn)志民間藥用清熱解毒,祛風(fēng)止痛[4]。國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)該種植物化學(xué)成分研究較少,主要為黃酮類(lèi)和多糖類(lèi)成分[5-9]。現(xiàn)代藥理研究表明小遠(yuǎn)志多糖有抗腫瘤活性[10],小遠(yuǎn)志醇提取物有抗蛇毒活性[11]。然而,對(duì)于小遠(yuǎn)志口山酮類(lèi)化合物報(bào)道較少,宛瑜等[5]從小遠(yuǎn)志中分離鑒定了7個(gè)口山酮類(lèi)成分,但對(duì)其生物活性沒(méi)有進(jìn)行深入研究。為充分揭示小遠(yuǎn)志中口山酮類(lèi)成分,發(fā)掘其藥用價(jià)值,本研究對(duì)小遠(yuǎn)志中口山酮類(lèi)化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析,并進(jìn)一步測(cè)定了其抗氧化和抗菌活性。
1.1 材料、試劑與儀器
小遠(yuǎn)志(PolygalasibiricaL. var.megalophaFr.),采自云南省昭通市永善縣,由西南林業(yè)大學(xué)林學(xué)院杜凡教授鑒定為遠(yuǎn)志科植物小遠(yuǎn)志,標(biāo)本(2012010)保存在西南林業(yè)大學(xué)林學(xué)院植物資源利用系藥用植物教研室。柱色譜硅膠、薄層色譜硅膠,青島海洋化工廠;反相填充材料RP-18(40~60 μm),Merk公司;Sephadex LH-20 (40~70 μm),瑞典Amersham Pharmacia公司;D101 大孔樹(shù)脂,山東魯抗醫(yī)藥股份有限公司;MCI-gel (70~150 μm),Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation;常用分離試劑,工業(yè)級(jí)重蒸;乙腈,色譜純;ABTS,北京酷來(lái)搏科技有限公司;萬(wàn)古霉素,上海生工生物工程技術(shù)有限公司。白色念珠菌(Moniliaalbican)、金黃色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)、大腸埃希氏菌(Escherichiacoli)和綠膿桿菌(Pseudomonasaeruginosa),均由西南林業(yè)大學(xué)微生物實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供。
電噴霧電離質(zhì)譜(ESI-MS)在甲醇中由Waters Xevo TQ-S三重四級(jí)桿串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜儀或Bruker HTC/Esquire spectrometer液相-離子阱色譜聯(lián)用儀測(cè)定;1H NMR和13C NMR譜由Bruker AM-400 MHz和Avance III-600 MHz超導(dǎo)核磁共振儀測(cè)定;半制備采用Agilent-HP 1100高效液相色譜儀,HPLC半制備柱(Agilent,Zorbax SB-C18,250 mm × 9.4 mm,5 μm)進(jìn)行分離純化。UV-2450紫外可見(jiàn)分光光度計(jì),北京島津儀器有限公司。
1.2 提取分離
小遠(yuǎn)志干燥根莖約5 kg,粉碎后過(guò)篩(178 μm),用75%的乙醇回流提取3次,每次40 L,分別提取4、2和2 h,合并提取液,減壓濃縮得到浸膏約1.7 kg。浸膏稀釋3倍,用溫水超聲波溶解,抽濾后過(guò)D101大孔吸附樹(shù)脂,先用9 L水洗脫,再用12 L 65%乙醇洗脫,洗脫液減壓濃縮得到500.0 g粗提樣品,經(jīng)硅膠柱層析,用氯仿-甲醇 (30 ∶1~ 0 ∶1,體積比) 梯度洗脫,合并后得到8個(gè)部分Fr.1~Fr.8。
Fr.1 (6.1g) 經(jīng)硅膠柱層析,用石油醚-丙酮(20 ∶1~ 0 ∶1,體積比) 洗脫,TLC檢測(cè)后合并得到5個(gè)組分Fr.1.1~ Fr.1.5。組分Fr.1.2經(jīng)過(guò)結(jié)晶和重結(jié)晶后得到化合物1 (620.7 mg);組分Fr.1.3經(jīng)過(guò)硅膠柱層析,用石油醚-丙酮(15 ∶1~3 ∶1,體積比)和凝膠Sephadex LH-20(甲醇)反復(fù)洗脫,得到了化合物3 (169.7 mg),4(71.9 mg) 和5(50.0 mg);組分Fr.1.4經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)硅膠(石油醚-丙酮,體積比15 ∶1~1 ∶1;氯仿-甲醇,體積比20 ∶1~5 ∶1)和凝膠Sephadex LH-20(甲醇)柱層析,最后經(jīng)半制備型HPLC分離,以乙腈-水 (45 ∶55, 體積比) 為流動(dòng)相,得到了化合物13 (1.8 mg),18 (1.3 mg)。
Fr.2 (6.6 g) 首先用MCI-gel進(jìn)行脫色,脫色后的樣品經(jīng)TLC檢測(cè)后合并得到4個(gè)組分Fr.2.1~ Fr.2.4。組分Fr.2.1經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)硅膠(石油醚-丙酮,體積比10 ∶1~1 ∶1;氯仿-甲醇,體積比20 ∶1~3 ∶1)和凝膠Sephadex LH-20(甲醇),最終得到了化合物6 (15.1 mg) 和7 (23.8 mg);組分Fr.2.2經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)硅膠(石油醚-丙酮,體積比10 ∶1~0 ∶1;氯仿-甲醇,體積比10 ∶1~2 ∶1)和凝膠Sephadex LH-20(甲醇),最后經(jīng)半制備型HPLC分離,以乙腈-水 (40 ∶60, 體積比) 為流動(dòng)相,最終得到了化合物9 (3.0 mg);組分Fr.2.3經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)硅膠(石油醚-丙酮,體積比4 ∶1~0 ∶1;氯仿-甲醇,體積比8 ∶1~2 ∶1)和凝膠Sephadex LH-20(甲醇),最后經(jīng)半制備型HPLC分離,以乙腈-水 (38 ∶72, 體積比) 為流動(dòng)相,最終得到了化合物12 (1.8 mg)。
Fr.3 (16.5 g) 首先用MCI-gel進(jìn)行脫色,脫色后的樣品經(jīng)RP-18,用甲醇-水(30 ∶70~90 ∶10,體積比)洗脫,TLC檢測(cè)后合并得到4個(gè)組分Fr.3.1~ Fr.3.4。組分Fr.3.1經(jīng)過(guò)硅膠柱層析,用石油醚-丙酮(5 ∶1~0 ∶1,體積比)和凝膠Sephadex LH-20(甲醇)反復(fù)洗脫,最后經(jīng)半制備型HPLC分離,以乙腈-水 (38 ∶62, 體積比) 為流動(dòng)相,最終得到了化合物10 (3.0 mg)和11 (4.2 mg);組分Fr.3.2經(jīng)過(guò)硅膠柱層析,用石油醚-丙酮(2 ∶1~0 ∶1,體積比)和凝膠Sephadex LH-20(甲醇)反復(fù)洗脫,最后經(jīng)半制備型HPLC分離,以乙腈-水 (35 ∶65, 體積比) 為流動(dòng)相,最終得到了化合物14 (3.0 mg),15 (2.0 mg),16 (2.0 mg) 和17 (1.3 mg);組分Fr.3.3經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)硅膠(石油醚-丙酮,體積比5 ∶1~0 ∶1;氯仿-甲醇,體積比8 ∶1~2 ∶1)和凝膠Sephadex LH-20(甲醇),最后經(jīng)半制備型HPLC分離,以乙腈-水 (35 ∶65, 體積比) 為流動(dòng)相,最終得到了化合物2 (2.5 mg) 和17 (1.0 mg);組分Fr.3.4經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)硅膠(石油醚-丙酮,體積比3 ∶1~0 ∶1;氯仿-甲醇,體積比5 ∶1~2 ∶1)和凝膠Sephadex LH-20(甲醇),最后經(jīng)半制備型HPLC分離,以乙腈-水 (33 ∶67, 體積比) 為流動(dòng)相,最終得到了化合物8 (1.2 mg)。
1.3 生物活性測(cè)定
1.3.1 抗氧化活性測(cè)定 參考文獻(xiàn)[12]報(bào)道的ABTS總自由基清除試驗(yàn)方法,測(cè)定化合物1~7(分離所得量少的單體化合物未進(jìn)行測(cè)定)及對(duì)照品維生素C的抗氧化能力。
1.3.2 抗菌活性測(cè)定 參考文獻(xiàn)[13~14]報(bào)道的抗菌實(shí)驗(yàn)方法,測(cè)定化合物1~7和對(duì)照品萬(wàn)古霉素對(duì)白色念珠菌(M.albican)、金黃色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)、大腸埃希氏菌(E.coli)和綠膿桿菌(P.aeruginosa)的最低抑菌濃度(MIC)和最低殺菌濃度(MBC)。
2.1 結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定
化合物1:黃色針晶;分子式:C13H8O4,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為228;ESI-MS(m/z):227 [M-H]-;1H NMR (400 MHz, 丙酮-d6)δ:12.70 (1H, s, OH-1), 9.04 (1H, s, OH-7), 7.67 (1H, t,J=8.4 Hz, H-3), 7.58 (1H, d,J=3.1 Hz, H- 8), 7.49 (1H, d,J=9.3 Hz, H-5), 7.41 (1H, dd,J=9.1, 3.1 Hz, H- 6), 6.97 (1H, d,J=8.4, Hz, H- 4), 6.74 (1H, d,J=8.3Hz, H-2);13C NMR (100 MHz, 丙酮-d6)δ:162.7 (s, C-1), 110.5 (d, C-2), 137.8 (d, C-3), 107.7 (d, C- 4), 120.2 (d, C-5), 126.1 (d, C- 6), 155.0 (s, C-7), 109.1 (d, C- 8), 182.9 (s, C-9), 157.3 (s, C- 4a), 121.8 (s, C- 8a), 107.8 (s, C-9a), 151.0 (s, C-10a)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[15]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為1,7-二羥基口山酮。
化合物2:黃色粉末;分子式:C17H16O8,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為348;ESI-MS(m/z):349 [M+H]+,371 [M+Na]+和387 [M+K]+;1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:6.48 (2H, s, H- 4, 5), 3.78 (6H, s, 1, 8-OMe), 3.73 (6H, s, 2, 7-OMe);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:152.7 (s, C-1, 8), 138.9 (s, C-2, 7), 158.4 (s, C-3, 6), 98.9 (d, C- 4, 5), 172.5 (s, C-9), 153.0 (s, C- 4a, 10a), 108.2 (s, C- 8a, 9a), 61.4 (q, 1, 8-OMe), 60.6 (q, 2, 7-OMe)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[16]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為3,6-二羥基-1,2,7,8-四甲氧基口山酮。
化合物3:黃色粉末;分子式:C15H12O6,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為288;ESI-MS(m/z):311 [M+Na]+和289 [M+H]+;1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:13.20 (1H, s, OH-1), 7.55 (1H, t,J= 8.4 Hz, H-3), 6.84 (1H, d,J= 8.1 Hz, H- 4), 6.68 (1H, s, H- 8), 6.66 (1H, d,J= 11.1 Hz, H-2), 3.84 (3H, s, 6-OMe), 3.77 (3H, s, 5-OMe);13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:161.2 (s, C- 1), 110.0 (d, C-2), 136.1 (d, C-3), 106.0 (d, C- 4), 153.3 (s, C-5), 138.9 (s, C- 6), 153.8 (s, C-7), 99.3 (d, C- 8), 180.4 (s, C-9), 154.8 (s, C- 4a), 107.9 (s, C- 8a), 107.5 (s, C-9a), 154.8 (s, C-10a), 61.7 (q, 5-OMe), 60.8 (q, 6-OMe)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[17]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為1,7-二羥基-5,6-二甲氧基口山酮。
化合物4:黃色結(jié)晶;分子式:C15H12O6,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為288;ESI-MS(m/z):311 [M+Na]+和289 [M+H]+;1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:12.88 (1H, s, OH-1), 7.65 (1H, t,J=8.3 Hz, H-3), 7.26 (1H, s, H- 8), 7.07 (1H, d,J=7.7 Hz, H- 4), 6.76 (1H, d,J=7.5 Hz, H-2), 3.90 (3H, s, 6-OMe), 3.89 (3H, s, 7-OMe);13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:160.8 (s, C-1), 110.0 (d, C-2), 136.4 (d, C-3), 107.2 (d, C- 4), 134.9 (s, C-5), 146.5 (s, C- 6), 148.2 (s, C-7), 99.4 (d, C- 8), 180.3 (s, C-9), 155.5 (s, C- 4a), 111.2 (s, C- 8a), 107.7 (s, C-9a), 146.3 (s, C-10a), 61.0 (q, 6-OMe), 56.0 (q, 7-OMe)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[18]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為1,5-二羥基- 6,7-二甲氧基口山酮。
化合物5:白色粉末;分子式:C15H12O5,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為272;ESI-MS(m/z):317 [M+K]+,311 [M+Na]+和289 [M+H]+;1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:7.62 (1H, t,J=8.5 Hz, H-3), 7.39 (1H, s, H- 8), 7.04 (1H, d,J=7.8 Hz, H- 4), 6.90 (1H, d,J=8.2 Hz, H-2), 6.84 (1H, s, H-5), 3.86 (3H, s, 1-OMe), 3.84 (3H, s, 7-OMe);13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:160.0 (s, C-1), 106.1 (d, C-2), 134.4 (d, C-3), 109.5 (d, C- 4), 102.3 (d, C-5), 153.8 (s, C- 6), 146.0 (s, C-7), 105.6 (d, C- 8), 173.6 (s, C-9), 157.4 (s, C- 4a), 114.4 (s, C- 8a), 111.3 (s, C-9a), 150.5 (s, C-10a), 56.1 (q, 1-OMe), 56.8 (q, 7-OMe)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[19]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為6-羥基-1,7-二甲氧基口山酮。
化合物6:黃色粉末;分子式:C14H10O4,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為242;ESI-MS(m/z):265 [M+Na]+;1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:7.67 (1H, t,J=8.5 Hz, H-3), 7.42 (1H, d,J=8.9 Hz, H-5), 7.38 (1H, d,J=2.8 Hz, H- 8), 7.21 (1H, dd,J=9.2, 2.5 Hz, H- 6), 7.08 (1H, d,J=8.3 Hz, H- 4), 6.92 (1H, d,J= 7.9 Hz, H-2), 3.87 (3H, s, 1-OMe);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:160.2 (s, C-1), 109.7 (d, C-2), 135.5 (d, C-3), 105.9 (d, C- 4), 118.9 (d, C-5), 123.8 (d, C- 6), 153.9 (s, C-7), 108.9 (d, C- 8), 174.9 (s, C-9), 157.5 (s, C- 4a), 123.1 (s, C- 8a), 111.2 (s, C-9a), 148.1 (s, C-10a), 56.3 (q, 1-OMe)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[20]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為7-羥基-1-甲氧基口山酮。
化合物7:黃色晶體;分子式:C16H14O7,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為318;ESI-MS(m/z):357 [M+K]+,341 [M+Na]+和319 [M+H]+;1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:13.88 (1H, s, OH- 8), 7.58 (1H, t,J= 8.1 Hz, H- 6), 6.95 (1H, d,J=8.4 Hz, H-5), 6.70 (1H, d,J=8.0 Hz, H-7), 3.82 (3H, s, 1-OMe),3.73 (3H, s, 2-OMe),3.73 (3H, s, 4-OMe);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:133.4 (s, C-1), 150.3 (s, C-2), 153.3 (s, C-3), 140.5 (s, C- 4), 107.6 (d, C-5), 137.3 (d, C- 6), 111.4 (d, C-7), 162.9 (s, C- 8), 182.5 (s, C-9), 149.1 (s, C- 4a), 108.6 (s, C- 8a), 109.5 (s, C-9a), 156.6 (s, C-10a), 62.0 (q, 1-OMe), 61.8 (q, 2-OMe), 61.7 (q, 4-OMe)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[21]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為3,8-二羥基-1,2,4-三甲氧基口山酮。
化合物8:黃色粉末;分子式:C16H14O7,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為318;ESI-MS(m/z):317 [M-H]-;1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:13.88 (1H, s, OH- 8), 8.28 (1H, s, OH- 6), 6.46 (1H, s, H- 4), 6.44 (1H, s, H-7), 6.23 (1H, d, s, H-5), 3.81 (3H, s, 1-OMe),3.79 (3H, s, 2-OMe),3.74 (3H, s, 3-OMe);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:152.5 (s, C-1), 139.7 (s, C-2), 154.1 (s, C-3), 96.3 (d, C- 4), 91.4 (d, C-5), 164.8 (s, C- 6), 99.5 (d, C-7), 162.5 (s, C- 8), 178.9 (s, C-9), 155.9 (s, C- 4a), 108.6 (s, C- 8a), 102.3 (s, C-9a), 155.9 (s, C-10a), 61.3 (q, 1-OMe), 60.1 (q, 2-OMe), 55.6 (q, 3-OMe)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[22]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為6,8-二羥基-1,2,3-三甲氧基口山酮。
化合物9:黃色粉末;分子式:C16H14O8,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為334;ESI-MS(m/z):335 [M+H]+,357 [M+Na]+和373 [M+K]+;1H NMR (600 MHz, MeOD)δ:6.64 (1H, s, H-5), 6.32 (1H, s, H- 4), 3.95 (3H, s, 8-OMe), 3.88 (3H, s, 7-OMe), 3.85 (3H, s, 2-OMe);13C NMR (150 MHz, MeOD)δ:154.5 (s, C-1), 131.9 (s, C-2), 155.9 (s, C-3), 94.4 (d, C- 4), 100.6 (d, C-5), 159.8 (s, C- 6), 140.2 (s, C-7), 153.9 (s, C- 8), 181.8 (s, C-9), 159.2 (s, C- 4a), 108.4 (s, C- 8a), 103.8 (s, C-9a), 155.8 (s, C-10a), 60.9 (q, 2-OMe), 61.7 (q, 7-OMe), 62.4 (q, 8-OMe)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[16]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為1,3,6-三羥基-2,7,8-三甲氧基口山酮。
化合物10:黃色粉末;分子式:C16H14O6,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為302;ESI-MS(m/z):301 [M+H]-;1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:7.58 (1H, t,J=8.2 Hz, H- 6), 6.97 (1H, d,J=8.4 Hz, H-5), 6.87 (1H, d,J=8.1 Hz, H-7), 6.54 (1H, s, H- 4), 3.84 (3H, s, 8-OMe),3.79 (3H, s, 1-OMe),3.74 (3H, s, 2-OMe);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:152.8 (s, C-1), 139.2 (s, C-2), 156.4 (s, C-3), 98.9 (d, C- 4), 108.9 (d, C-5), 133.9 (d, C- 6), 106.1 (d, C-7), 159.9 (s, C- 8), 173.1 (s, C-9), 152.8 (s, C- 4a), 112.3 (s, C- 8a), 108.9 (s, C-9a), 156.4 (s, C-10a), 61.4 (q, 1-OMe), 60.5 (q, 2-OMe), 56.0 (q, 8-OMe)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[23]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為3-羥基-1,2,8-三甲氧基口山酮。
化合物11:黃色粉末;分子式:C13H8O5,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為244;ESI-MS(m/z):243 [M-H]-;1H NMR (400 MHz, 丙酮-d6)δ:12.96 (1H, s, OH-1), 754 (1H, s, H- 8), 7.39 (1H, d,J=8.9 Hz, H-5), 7.29 (1H, d,J=8.8 Hz, H-6), 6.38 (1H, s, H- 4), 6.23 (1H, s, H-2);13C NMR (100 MHz, 丙酮-d6)δ:164.5 (s, C-1), 98.6 (d, C-2), 166.5 (s, C-3), 94.5 (d, C- 4), 119.6 (d, C-5), 125.0 (d, C- 6), 154.9 (s, C-7), 109.2 (d, C- 8), 181.9 (s, C-9), 158.9 (s, C- 4a), 121.8 (s, C- 8a), 103.3 (s, C-9a), 150.6 (s, C-10a)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[24]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為1,3,7-三羥基口山酮。
化合物12:黃色粉末;分子式:C16H12O8,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為332;ESI-MS(m/z):333 [M+H]+;1H NMR (600 MHz, MeOD)δ:6.57 (1H, s, H-5), 6.46 (1H, s, H- 4), 6.10 (2H, s, -O-CH2-O), 3.93 (3H, s, 8-OMe),3.86 (3H, s, 7-OMe);13C NMR (150 MHz, MeOD)δ:154.2 (s, C-1), 130.3 (s, C-2), 159.5 (s, C-3), 89.5 (d, C- 4), 100.9 (d, C-5), 159.8 (s, C- 6), 141.2 (s, C-7), 155.3 (s, C- 8), 181.5 (s, C-9), 153.5 (s, C- 4a), 107.4 (s, C- 8a), 106.1 (s, C-9a), 156.3 (s, C-10a), 103.9 (t, -O-CH2-O), 62.3 (q, 8-OMe), 61.6 (q, 7-OMe)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[25]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為1,6-二羥基-2,3-二氧亞甲基-7,8-二甲氧基口山酮。
化合物13:黃色粉末;分子式:C15H12O6,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為288;ESI-MS(m/z):311 [M+Na]+和289 [M+H]+;1H NMR (600 MHz, MeOD)δ:13.20 (1H, s, OH-1), 7.55 (1H, t,J=8.4 Hz, H-5), 6.84(1H, d,J=8.1 Hz, H- 4), 6.68(1H, s, H- 8), 6.66 (1H, d,J=11.1 Hz, H- 6), 3.84 (3H, s, 2-OMe), 3.77 (3H, s, 3-OMe);13C NMR (150 MHz, MeOD)δ:154.5 (s, C-1), 132.8 (s, C-2), 161.6 (s, C-3), 91.9 (d, C- 4), 120.0 (d, C-5), 125.7 (d, C- 6), 156.3 (s, C-7), 109.1 (d, C- 8), 182.3 (s, C-9), 155.5 (s, C- 4a), 121.8 (s, C- 8a), 104.7 (s, C-9a), 151.3 (s, C-10a), 61.1 (q, 2-OMe), 56.9 (q, 3-OMe)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[26]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為1,7-二羥基-2,3-二甲氧基口山酮。
化合物14:黃色粉末;分子式:C15H12O6,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為288;ESI-MS(m/z):287 [M-H]-;1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:13.41 (1H, s, OH-1), 8.25 (1H, s, OH-6), 7.57 (1H, t,J=8.1 Hz, H-3), 7.16 (1H, s, H- 8), 7.00 (1H, d,J=7.9 Hz, H- 4), 6.70 (1H, d,J= 8.2 Hz, H-2), 3.85 (3H, s, 7-OMe), 3.83 (3H, s, 5-OMe);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:161.0 (s, C-1), 109.5 (d, C-2), 135.4 (d, C-3), 106.8 (d, C- 4), 134.8 (s, C-5), 148.5 (s, C- 6), 147.4 (s, C-7), 98.9 (d, C- 8), 180.2 (s, C-9), 155.4 (s, C- 4a), 117.8 (s, C- 8a), 107.6 (s, C-9a), 134.7 (s, C-10a), 60.2 (q, 5-OMe), 55.7 (q, 7-OMe)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[27]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為1,6-二羥基-5,7-二甲氧基口山酮。
化合物15:黃色粉末;分子式:C15H12O6,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為288;ESI-MS(m/z):289 [M+H]+,311 [M+Na]+和327 [M+K]+;1H NMR (600 MHz, MeOD)δ:7.49 (1H, d,J=2.8 Hz, H- 8), 7.30 (1H, d,J=9.0 Hz, H-5), 7.17 (1H, dd,J=8.8, 2.8 Hz, H- 6), 6.59 (1H, s, H- 4), 3.92 (3H, s, 1-OMe), 3.87 (3H, s, 2-OMe);13C NMR (150 MHz, MeOD)δ:155.0 (s, C-1), 141.1 (s, C-2), 156.8 (s, C-3), 101.1 (d, C- 4), 119.4 (d, C-5), 123.8 (d, C- 6), 150.0 (s, C-7), 110.0 (d, C- 8), 177.0 (s, C-9), 162.1 (s, C- 4a), 124.2 (s, C- 8a), 110.0 (s, C-9a), 155.0 (s, C-10a), 62.2 (q, 1-OMe), 61.6 (q, 2-OMe)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[28]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為3,7-二羥基-1,2-二甲氧基口山酮。
化合物16:黃色粉末;分子式:C16H14O7,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為318;ESI-MS(m/z):357 [M+K]+,341 [M+Na]+和319 [M+H]+;1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:7.17 (1H, d,J=8.9 Hz, H- 6), 7.04 (1H, d,J=8.8 Hz, H-5), 6.27 (1H, s, H- 4), 3.84 (3H, s, 1-OMe),3.80 (3H, s, 8-OMe),3.74 (3H, s, 2-OMe);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:152.7 (s, C-1), 138.1 (s, C-2), 156.4 (s, C-3), 99.4 (d, C- 4), 112.6 (d, C-5), 121.9 (d, C- 6), 146.3 (s, C-7), 145.3 (s, C- 8), 173.4 (s, C-9), 154.1 (s, C- 4a), 117.2 (s, C- 8a), 108.9 (s, C-9a), 148.8 (s, C-10a), 61.5 (q, 1-OMe), 61.2 (q, 2-OMe), 60.4 (q, 8-OMe)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[23]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為3,7-二羥基-1,2,8-三甲氧基口山酮。
化合物17:黃色粉末;分子式:C17H16O6,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為316;ESI-MS(m/z):315 [M-H]-;1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:7.68 (1H, d,J=2.3 Hz, H- 8), 7.37 (1H, d,J=8.9 Hz, H-5), 7.24 (1H, dd,J=8.8, 2.3 Hz, H- 6), 6.63 (1H, s, H- 4), 4.13 (3H, s, 1-OMe), 4.03 (3H, s, 2-OMe), 3.93 (3H, s, 3-OMe), 3.88 (3H, s, 7-OMe);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:153.4 (s, C-1), 139.5 (d, C-2), 158.7 (s, C-3), 96.1 (d, C- 4), 116.5 (s, C-5), 123.6 (s, C- 6), 154.5 (s, C-7), 106.3 (s, C- 8), 175.2 (s, C-9), 156.1 (s, C- 4a), 122.7 (s, C- 8a), 110.3 (s, C-9a), 149.7 (s, C-10a), 61.9 (q, 1-OMe), 61.3 (q, 2-OMe), 56.1 (q, 3-OMe), 55.8 (q, 7-OMe)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[24]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為1,2,3,7-四甲氧基口山酮。
化合物18:黃色粉末;分子式:C17H16O8,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為348;ESI-MS(m/z):347 [M-H]-;1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3)δ:13.32 (1H, s, OH-1), 6.44 (1H, s, H-2), 6.33 (1H, s, H- 4), 4.04 (3H, s, 8-OMe), 4.02 (3H, s, 5-OMe), 3.98 (3H, s, 7-OMe), 3.88 (3H, s, 3-OMe);13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3)δ:163.6 (s, C-1), 97.3 (d, C-2), 166.1 (s, C-3), 92.3 (d, C- 4), 138.0 (s, C-5), 151.6 (s, C- 6), 148.4 (s, C-7), 131.7 (s, C- 8), 180.3 (s, C-9), 156.6 (s, C- 4a), 108.7 (s, C- 8a), 103.6 (s, C-9a), 147.3 (s, C-10a), 62.1 (q, 8-OMe), 61.8 (q, 5-OMe), 61.8 (q, 7-OMe), 55.8 (q, 3-OMe)。該化合物的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[29]對(duì)照基本一致,故鑒定為1,6-二羥基-3,5,7,8-四甲氧基口山酮。
化合物1~18的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖1所示。
2.2 生物活性測(cè)定結(jié)果
2.2.1 抗氧化活性 以Vc(IC50= 7 mg/L)作為陽(yáng)性對(duì)照,測(cè)試了化合物1~7對(duì)ABTS自由基的清除能力,結(jié)果見(jiàn)表1。結(jié)果顯示化合物1和4具有較好的抗氧化活性,其IC50值分別為13和12 mg/L。
表1 化合物1~7對(duì)ABTS自由基的清除能力
圖1 化合物1~18的結(jié)構(gòu)
2.2.2 抗菌活性 以萬(wàn)古霉素(MIC=0.69 μmol/L,MBC=1.38 μmol/L)作為陽(yáng)性對(duì)照,所測(cè)定的化合物1~7中僅化合物3對(duì)金黃色葡萄球菌表現(xiàn)出一定的抑制作用,其MIC值為217 μmol/L。
本研究對(duì)小遠(yuǎn)志中口山酮化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,從中分離到了18個(gè)化合物,除化合物13外,其它化合物均為首次從該植物中分離得到。對(duì)分離所得量較多的化合物1~7進(jìn)行抗氧化和抗菌活性測(cè)定,發(fā)現(xiàn)化合物4和1有較好的抗氧化活性,對(duì)ABTS·的IC50值分別為12和13 mg/L;化合物3對(duì)金黃色葡萄球菌有一定的抑制作用,MIC值為217 μmol/L。
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Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Xanthones fromPolygalasibiricaL. var.megalophaFr.
ZHOU Lingyun1,2, YU Xiaohong2, GENG Yuanyuan2, HUA Yan2
(1. School of Pharmacy,Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China;2. College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China)
Eighteen compounds were isolated by ethanol extraction, silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, MCI-gel column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC from the dried roots ofPolygalasibiricaL. var.megalophaFr. Their structures were identified as 1,7-dihydroxy xanthone (1), 3,6-dihydroxy-1,2,7,8-tetramethoxy xanthone (2), 1,7-dihydroxy-5,6- dimethoxy xanthone (3), 1,5-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy xanthone (4), 6-hydroxy-l,7-dimethoxy xanthone (5), 7-hydroxy-1-methoxy xanthone (6), 3,8-dihydroxy- 1,2,4-trimethoxy xanthone (7), 6,8-dihydroxy-1,2,3-trimethoxy xanthone (8), 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,7,8-trimethoxy- xanthone (9), 3-hydroxy-1,2,8-trimethoxy xanthone (10), 1,3,7-trihydroxy xanthone (11), 1,6-dihydroxy-2,3-methylene-dioxy-7,8-dimethoxy xanthone (12),1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy xanthone (13), 1,6-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy xanthone (14), 3,7-dihydroxy-1,2-dimethoxy xanthone (15), 3,7- dihydroxy- 1,2,8-trimethoxy xanthone (16), 1,2,3,7-tetramethoxy xanthone (17), 1,6-dihydroxy-3,5,7,8-tetramethoxy xanthone (18) by ESI-MS,1H NMR,13C NMR. All compounds except 13 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of compound 1-7 were studied. And the results showed that the compound 4(IC50= 12 mg/L)and compound 1(IC50= 13 mg/L)showed good ABTS scavenging activity and compound 3(MIC = 217 μmol/L)had certain inhibitory activity againstStaphylococcusaureus.
Polygala.sibiricaL. var.megalophaFr.; xathones; antioxidant; antimicrobial
10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.02.016
2016- 07- 05
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(31260083);皖南醫(yī)學(xué)院校重點(diǎn)科研項(xiàng)目培育基金(WK2016Z06)
周凌云(1980— ),男,安徽蕪湖人,博士生,主要從事中藥活性成分研究
*通訊作者:華 燕,女,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,主要從事天然藥物化學(xué)的研究;E-mail:huayan1216@163.com。
TQ35
A
0253-2417(2017)02- 0121- 08
周凌云,余小紅,耿圓圓,等.小遠(yuǎn)志中口山酮類(lèi)化學(xué)成分及生物活性研究[J].林產(chǎn)化學(xué)與工業(yè),2017,37(2):121-128.