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直腸癌進(jìn)展期應(yīng)用3D腹腔鏡行根治性手術(shù)的臨床觀察

2017-06-08 16:34區(qū)穎豪粱麗婷陳曉黃燦東

區(qū)穎豪 粱麗婷 陳曉 黃燦東

【摘要】 目的:探討三維成像系統(tǒng)(3D)在腹腔鏡下進(jìn)展期直腸癌根治術(shù)中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值和臨床效果。方法:選取2015年2月-2016年10月本院收治的進(jìn)展期直腸癌患者53例,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組(n=26)與觀察組(n=27)。對(duì)照組接受傳統(tǒng)2D系統(tǒng)下腹腔鏡直腸癌根治術(shù),觀察組則在3D成像系統(tǒng)下接受同樣術(shù)式治療。記錄并對(duì)比兩組術(shù)中情況(手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù))、術(shù)后情況(排氣時(shí)間、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率)和住院情況(住院時(shí)間、住院費(fèi)用)。結(jié)果:觀察組手術(shù)時(shí)間更短,術(shù)中出血量更少,淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目更多(P<0.05)。在術(shù)后排氣時(shí)間、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、住院時(shí)間、住院費(fèi)用等方面,兩組比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:對(duì)進(jìn)展期直腸癌患者應(yīng)用3D腹腔鏡進(jìn)行根治性手術(shù)治療,能夠縮短手術(shù)時(shí)間,減少術(shù)中出血量,并增加淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目,與傳統(tǒng)2D腹腔鏡手術(shù)相比,有一定優(yōu)勢(shì)。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 三維成像系統(tǒng); 腹腔鏡; 直腸癌根治術(shù); 進(jìn)展期

Clinical Observation of Laparoscopic 3D Radical Operation for Advanced Rectal Cancer/OU Ying-hao,LIANG Li-ting,CHEN Xiao,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2017,14(14):032-035

【Abstract】 Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of three-dimensional imaging system (3D) in laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer.Method:A total of 53 cases of advanced rectal cancer in our hospital from February 2015 to October 2016 were enrolled in the study and were divided into the control group(n=26) and the observation group(n=27).The control group was taken with laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer under traditional 2D system,while the observation group was taken with the same surgical treatment under the 3D imaging system.Intraoperation situation(operation time,intraoperative bleeding,lymph nodes),postoperative condition(exhaust time,complication rate) and hospitalization (hospitalization time,hospitalization expenses) of two groups were recorded and compared.Result:The observation group had shorter operation time,less blood loss and more lymph node dissection(P<0.05).However,there were no statistical significance in postoperative exhaust time,complication rate,hospital stay or hospitalization cost of the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The application of 3D laparoscopic radical operation for patients with advanced rectal cancer can shorten the operation time,reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss,increase the number of lymph node dissection,compared with traditional 2D laparoscopic surgery,there are certain advantages.

【Key words】 Three dimensional imaging system; Laparoscopy; Radical resection of rectal cancer; Advanced

First-authors address:The First Peoples Hospital of Zhaoqing,Zhaoqing 526040,China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.14.009

腹腔鏡技術(shù)在直腸癌根治術(shù)中已被廣泛應(yīng)用,其良好療效和較高的安全性,得到專家學(xué)者的廣泛認(rèn)可[1-2]。但由于傳統(tǒng)2D成像技術(shù)腹腔鏡在操作過(guò)程中缺乏立體感,對(duì)于術(shù)中操作的縱深需根據(jù)術(shù)者豐富的臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)判斷,對(duì)術(shù)者要求較高[3]。新興的3D腹腔鏡技術(shù)可顯著提升術(shù)野的空間分辨率和精確度,但目前國(guó)內(nèi)鮮有將其應(yīng)用于直腸癌根治術(shù)治療的相關(guān)報(bào)道[4]。本研究選取2015年2月-2016年10月本院收治的進(jìn)展期直腸癌患者53例,探討3D成像技術(shù)在腹腔鏡下進(jìn)展期直腸癌根治術(shù)中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值和臨床效果結(jié)果滿意,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料 選取2015年2月-2016年10月本院收治的進(jìn)展期直腸癌患者53例,其中男35例,女18例,年齡39~72歲,平均56.7歲。腫瘤直徑>3 cm 37例,≤3 cm 16例,分化程度:低分化32例,中分化21例,無(wú)高分化患者。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)術(shù)前經(jīng)腹部影像學(xué)檢查或結(jié)腸鏡檢查確診為原發(fā)性進(jìn)展期中低位直腸癌,術(shù)后病理學(xué)檢查與之相符;(2)均接受2D或3D腹腔鏡下直腸癌根治術(shù)(Dixon)治療;(3)年齡范圍20~80歲;(4)腫瘤未發(fā)生遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)既往有盆腔或腹腔手術(shù)史者;(2)合并其他臟器嚴(yán)重器質(zhì)性病變者;(3)術(shù)中聯(lián)合臟器切除或中轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)腹者。所有患者按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組26例與觀察組27例,兩組患者一般資料比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。該研究已經(jīng)倫理學(xué)委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者知情同意。

1.2 方法 對(duì)照組在傳統(tǒng)2D系統(tǒng)下操作,觀察組在3D系統(tǒng)下操作,所有患者手術(shù)操作均由本科同一組臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的醫(yī)師完成。具體手術(shù)過(guò)程為:患者取臀高頭低截石位,依據(jù)無(wú)瘤原則和全腸系膜切除原則,使用五孔法將腸系膜下血管在根部離斷,對(duì)周圍脂肪和淋巴結(jié)進(jìn)行清掃,使直腸充分游離[5]。使用腹腔鏡下切開(kāi)縫合器將直腸閉合,并在恥骨聯(lián)合上方2 cm處做一橫行切口,將腸管在腫瘤上緣10~15 cm處切斷后,將購(gòu)于美國(guó)強(qiáng)生公司的29#圓形吻合器釘座置入近端結(jié)腸,同時(shí)將斷端切緣冰凍切片送病理檢查,確認(rèn)無(wú)癌細(xì)胞殘留或縫合腹壁切口并重新建立氣腹,整塊切除側(cè)方與上方淋巴結(jié),并在腹腔鏡直視下對(duì)結(jié)腸-肛管或結(jié)腸-直腸進(jìn)行吻合,將腸管重新排列,術(shù)畢。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo) 記錄并對(duì)比兩組術(shù)中情況(手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù))、術(shù)后情況(排氣時(shí)間、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率)和住院情況(住院時(shí)間、住院費(fèi)用)。其中,術(shù)后并發(fā)癥主要包括吻合口瘺、吻合口出血、切口感染、切口疝、粘連性腸梗阻或輸尿管損傷。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 16.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用 字2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組患者術(shù)中情況比較 兩組患者接受不同成像系統(tǒng)下腹腔鏡直腸癌根治術(shù)治療期間,觀察組手術(shù)時(shí)間更短,術(shù)中出血量更少,淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目更多(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。

2.2 兩組患者術(shù)后情況比較 接受不同成像系統(tǒng)下腹腔鏡直腸癌根治術(shù)治療后,兩組排氣時(shí)間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。此外,對(duì)照組發(fā)生吻合口出血1例,粘連性腸梗阻1例,切口感染1例,并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為11.54%,觀察組發(fā)生切口感染2例,并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為7.41%,兩組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表2。

2.3 兩組患者住院情況比較 兩組住院時(shí)間和住院費(fèi)用比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表3。

3 討論

微創(chuàng)外科時(shí)代的重要標(biāo)志之一是腹腔鏡的普及應(yīng)用[3]。伴隨腹腔鏡技術(shù)的持續(xù)發(fā)展以及外科醫(yī)生對(duì)腹腔鏡技術(shù)的熟練掌握,其在直腸癌手術(shù)治療中的安全性及療效已被國(guó)內(nèi)外專家學(xué)者廣泛認(rèn)可[6]。但傳統(tǒng)的2D成像系統(tǒng)腹腔鏡手術(shù),由于無(wú)法幫助術(shù)者直觀感受操作中的深度感和空間定位,立體感較差,需要外科醫(yī)生進(jìn)行大量、反復(fù)練習(xí)才可適應(yīng),對(duì)術(shù)者要求高,同時(shí)還增加了手術(shù)操作造成副損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),這也是傳統(tǒng)腹腔鏡手術(shù)術(shù)中出血甚至中轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)腹的重要因素之一[7-9]。近年來(lái)新興的3D成像技術(shù),對(duì)腹腔鏡手術(shù)術(shù)野的空間分辨率和精確度有極大改善,尤其在復(fù)雜手術(shù)操作中,能夠顯著提高精確解剖的操作水平,使解剖結(jié)構(gòu)立體化、層次化,神經(jīng)、血管走行更加清晰。有學(xué)者研究認(rèn)為,3D腹腔鏡技術(shù)術(shù)野較2D更接近雙眼直視下所見(jiàn),真實(shí)感更強(qiáng),能使術(shù)者更快掌握腹腔鏡的操作技術(shù)[10-11]。

本研究對(duì)觀察組患者應(yīng)用3D腹腔鏡技術(shù)進(jìn)行直腸癌根治術(shù)治療,結(jié)果顯示觀察組手術(shù)操作時(shí)間和術(shù)中出血量均優(yōu)于使用傳統(tǒng)2D成像技術(shù)的對(duì)照組患者,這與國(guó)外學(xué)者的研究結(jié)果一致[12],提示3D腹腔鏡操作體驗(yàn)更接近傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)腹手術(shù),幫助術(shù)者獲取較好的縱深感和立體感,而不只依靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)深度進(jìn)行判斷。這與3D腹腔鏡下腹腔內(nèi)各臟器解剖層次鮮明、術(shù)中定位精確有關(guān)[13-14]。3D腹腔鏡操作過(guò)程中,術(shù)者與手術(shù)可在各自的操作領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行更為默契的配合,大大減少手術(shù)操作時(shí)間和副損傷,降低術(shù)中出血量[15]。對(duì)于無(wú)法避免的術(shù)中出血,3D腹腔鏡操作者也可憑借良好的術(shù)野對(duì)出血點(diǎn)進(jìn)行迅速定位,并完成止血。同時(shí),淋巴結(jié)的清掃也更直觀,易于操作[16-17]。

在術(shù)后情況和住院情況方面,觀察組與對(duì)照組比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),提示3D腹腔鏡技術(shù)在改善術(shù)中操作體驗(yàn)的同時(shí),并未增加患者的住院時(shí)間和費(fèi)用。還有學(xué)者研究認(rèn)為,3D腹腔鏡技術(shù)可通過(guò)縮短手術(shù)時(shí)間降低術(shù)中麻醉相關(guān)費(fèi)用,減輕患者經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)[18]。此外,還有報(bào)道稱3D腹腔鏡技術(shù)可降低術(shù)中周圍臟器、血管、神經(jīng)的損傷,使術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率下降[19],但本研究中兩組術(shù)中并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),這可能與本研究中手術(shù)操作醫(yī)生熟練掌握腹腔鏡的相關(guān)操作技術(shù)有關(guān),也可能由于本研究樣本量不多導(dǎo)致,有待于進(jìn)一步研究。對(duì)于本研究中出現(xiàn)術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的患者,并發(fā)癥發(fā)現(xiàn)及時(shí),癥狀較輕,均給予對(duì)癥治療后痊愈。

綜上所述,對(duì)進(jìn)展期直腸癌患者應(yīng)用3D腹腔鏡進(jìn)行根治性手術(shù)治療,能夠縮短手術(shù)時(shí)間,減少術(shù)中出血量,增加淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目,與傳統(tǒng)2D腹腔鏡手術(shù)相比,有一定優(yōu)勢(shì)。

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(收稿日期:2017-03-14) (本文編輯:周亞杰)

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