黃春霞
[摘要] 目的 探析整體護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)提高產(chǎn)科護(hù)理質(zhì)量及保障母嬰安全的實(shí)施效果。 方法 方便選取該院2015年1月—2016年12月期間收治的102名待產(chǎn)產(chǎn)婦,將其隨機(jī)分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,各51名,對(duì)照組采取常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù),觀察組在其基礎(chǔ)上采取整體護(hù)理干預(yù),比較兩組產(chǎn)婦護(hù)理質(zhì)量改善情況,母嬰妊娠結(jié)局等。結(jié)果 觀察組護(hù)理質(zhì)量的優(yōu)良率90.0%與對(duì)照組74.51%比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組產(chǎn)婦焦慮評(píng)分(16.2±2.7)分、抑郁評(píng)分(35.4±7.3)分與對(duì)照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組剖宮產(chǎn)率3.92%、胎兒窘迫3.92%顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),兩組產(chǎn)后出血發(fā)生率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。觀察組護(hù)理滿意度為96.08%,對(duì)照組78.43%,比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 對(duì)產(chǎn)婦采取整體護(hù)理干預(yù),可提高護(hù)理質(zhì)量,保障母嬰安全,減少不良妊娠結(jié)局的發(fā)生,值得臨床推廣。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 整體護(hù)理干預(yù);產(chǎn)科護(hù)理質(zhì)量;母嬰安全
[中圖分類號(hào)] R473 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2017)04(a)-0172-03
Implementation Effect of Holistic Nursing on Improving the Nursing Quality in the Department of Obstetrics and Ensuring the Maternal and Child Safety HUANG Chun-xia
Department of Obstetrics, Yixing Peoples Hospital, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, 214200 China
[Abstract] Objective To study the implementation effect of holistic nursing on improving the nursing quality in the department of obstetrics and ensuring the maternal and child safety. Methods 102 cases of delivery women admitted and treated in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were convenient selected and randomly divided into two groups with 51 cases in each, the control group adopted the routine nursing intervention, while the observation group adopted the holistic nursing intervention, and the nursing quality improvement situation and maternal and child pregnant outcome were compared between the two groups. Results The difference in the excellent and good rate of nursing quality between the observation group and the control group was statistically significant (90.0% vs 74.51%)(P<0.05), and the differences in the anxiety score and depression score between the two groups were statistically significant, which were (16.2±2.7) and(35.4±7.3)(P<0.05), and the cesarean section rate and fetal distress rate were obviously lower than those in the control group, which were 3.92% and 3.92%, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05), and the difference in the incidence rate of bleeding after delivery between the two groups was not statistical significant(P>0.05), and the difference in the nursing satisfactory degree between the observation group and the control group was statistically significant(96.08% vs 78.43%)(P<0.05). Conclusion The holistic nursing intervention for delivery women can improve the nursing quality, ensure the maternal and infant safety and reduce the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcome, which is worth clinical promotion.
[Key words] Holistic nursing intervention; Nursing quality in the department of obstetrics; Maternal and child safety
產(chǎn)婦圍產(chǎn)期屬于比較特殊的時(shí)期,不論在心理還是生理上均伴有顯著的變化,焦慮、抑郁等負(fù)面情緒會(huì)對(duì)胎兒形成影響,如果早期得不到及時(shí)的護(hù)理指導(dǎo),會(huì)對(duì)母嬰安全造成一定影響。有效的護(hù)理干預(yù),能夠促進(jìn)母嬰身心健康,保障母嬰安全[1]。整體護(hù)理干預(yù)是在圍產(chǎn)期針對(duì)產(chǎn)婦不同時(shí)期的狀態(tài)實(shí)施護(hù)理,更好的將以患者為中心體現(xiàn)出來,這對(duì)于提高護(hù)理質(zhì)量也十分有利[2]。為探析整體護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)提高產(chǎn)科護(hù)理質(zhì)量及保障母嬰安全的效果,該文將2015年1月—2016年12月期間收治的102名待產(chǎn)產(chǎn)婦,作為研究對(duì)對(duì)象,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
方便選取該院收治的102名待產(chǎn)產(chǎn)婦,將其隨機(jī)分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,各51名,對(duì)照組:年齡20~38歲,平均(26.3±6.3)歲,孕周35~41周,平均(38.7±3.2)周;觀察組:年齡22~37歲,平均(27.3±5.7)歲,孕周36~41周,平均(39.1±3.2)周,兩組在一般資料上差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),有可比性。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 對(duì)照組 該組產(chǎn)婦給予常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù),其內(nèi)容主要是密切觀察產(chǎn)婦生命體征,定時(shí)測量胎心,觀察產(chǎn)婦宮縮情況,積極完成各項(xiàng)檢查,對(duì)于伴有合并癥的產(chǎn)婦,觀察相關(guān)癥狀,以免發(fā)生并發(fā)癥,根據(jù)醫(yī)囑給予產(chǎn)婦藥物及護(hù)理干預(yù)。
1.2.2 觀察組 在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上采取整體護(hù)理干預(yù)。具體為:①心理護(hù)理。很多產(chǎn)婦均伴有不良的心理問題,尤其是初產(chǎn)婦,更加突出,相關(guān)臨床研究表面,不良的心理狀態(tài)能夠?qū)ψ訉m收縮及產(chǎn)程等造成影響,進(jìn)而提高妊娠不良結(jié)果發(fā)生率。此時(shí),護(hù)理人員待產(chǎn)婦入院后應(yīng)積極了解她們心理狀態(tài),針對(duì)性的給予疏導(dǎo),讓產(chǎn)婦充分了解妊娠知識(shí),消除負(fù)面情況,并告知產(chǎn)婦積極的配合及護(hù)理能夠更好的保障母嬰安全,從而提高產(chǎn)婦護(hù)理的依從性,進(jìn)而減輕心理負(fù)擔(dān)。②健康知識(shí)講解。產(chǎn)婦入院后,作為責(zé)任護(hù)士應(yīng)主動(dòng)和產(chǎn)婦進(jìn)行溝通,講解住院的環(huán)境及科室情況,消除產(chǎn)婦陌生感。護(hù)理人員詳細(xì)向產(chǎn)婦講解健康知識(shí),根據(jù)產(chǎn)檢的情況針對(duì)性進(jìn)行健康教育,提高產(chǎn)婦認(rèn)知,同時(shí)給予適合產(chǎn)婦的個(gè)性化護(hù)理措施,應(yīng)及時(shí)進(jìn)行調(diào)整。在胎兒娩出后,做好新生兒護(hù)理,正確指導(dǎo)產(chǎn)婦母乳喂養(yǎng)。③產(chǎn)房護(hù)理。待產(chǎn)婦進(jìn)入產(chǎn)房前應(yīng)向產(chǎn)婦介紹產(chǎn)房的相關(guān)情況,消除產(chǎn)婦害怕及陌生感。在進(jìn)入產(chǎn)房后應(yīng)協(xié)助助產(chǎn)士進(jìn)行護(hù)理,同時(shí)護(hù)理人員分散產(chǎn)婦的注意力,在產(chǎn)程不同階段給予不同的護(hù)理指導(dǎo),全程陪伴在患者身邊,給予鼓勵(lì)。④母嬰一體護(hù)理。胎兒娩出后給予母嬰同室護(hù)理干預(yù),密切觀察產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)后出血的情況,保持會(huì)陰干燥,避免感染發(fā)生。此外,護(hù)理人員應(yīng)床旁指導(dǎo)產(chǎn)婦母乳喂養(yǎng)方法,指導(dǎo)產(chǎn)婦如何護(hù)理新生兒。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
①護(hù)理質(zhì)量:根據(jù)該院自制護(hù)理質(zhì)量評(píng)分量表進(jìn)行評(píng)分,主要包括護(hù)理技能、方法及態(tài)度等,共20條,由患者、護(hù)士長及醫(yī)師進(jìn)行功能評(píng)定,總分100分,優(yōu):分值在85分以上;良:分值在75~84分之間;可:分值在60~75分之間;差:分值在60分以下。②焦慮評(píng)分:以HAMA量表進(jìn)行評(píng)分,0~8分說明無焦慮,9~19分為輕度,20~34分為中度,34分以上為重度;③抑郁評(píng)分:采取SDS抑郁自評(píng)量表進(jìn)行評(píng)分,20個(gè)條目,將其得分相加為粗分,粗分乘以1.25為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分支,35分以內(nèi)為正常,35~49分為輕度,50~69分為重度抑郁,70分以上為重度抑郁[3]。④統(tǒng)計(jì)兩組母嬰妊娠結(jié)局。⑤滿意度:以自制問卷的形式調(diào)查兩組護(hù)理滿意度,分為很滿意、滿意及不滿意。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
應(yīng)用SPSS 11.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件分析數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用[n(%)]表示,行χ2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,行t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組護(hù)理質(zhì)量優(yōu)良率比較
觀察組護(hù)理質(zhì)量的優(yōu)良率90.0%與對(duì)照組74.51%比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05).
2.2 兩組產(chǎn)婦負(fù)面情況改善比較
觀察組產(chǎn)婦焦慮評(píng)分(16.2±2.7)分、抑郁評(píng)分(35.4±7.3)分與對(duì)照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
2.3 兩組妊娠結(jié)局比較
觀察組剖宮產(chǎn)率3.92%、胎兒窘迫3.92%顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義比較(P<0.05),兩組產(chǎn)后出血發(fā)生率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
2.4 兩組護(hù)理滿意度比較
觀察組很滿意29例,滿意20例,不滿意2例,其護(hù)理滿意度為(49/51)96.08%,對(duì)照組很滿意18例,滿意22例,不滿意11例,其護(hù)理滿意度為(40/51)78.43%,比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.592,P<0.05)。
3 討論
目前,隨著醫(yī)學(xué)模式的不斷轉(zhuǎn)變,護(hù)理理念也不斷變化,臨床上護(hù)理工作已不再是單單局限于疾病的護(hù)理,而是更加注重患者本身的護(hù)理[4]。產(chǎn)科作為新生兒出生的地方,其承擔(dān)者母嬰共同護(hù)理的任務(wù),因此,對(duì)于護(hù)理要求更加高。相關(guān)研究顯示,產(chǎn)婦不良妊娠結(jié)局的發(fā)生和自身心理情況等關(guān)系密切,因此,有效降低負(fù)面情緒的發(fā)生,可直接降低不良妊娠結(jié)局的發(fā)生率[5]。整體護(hù)理是針對(duì)產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)前產(chǎn)后不同的心理、生理狀態(tài)變化進(jìn)而制定的針對(duì)性護(hù)理措施,這對(duì)于減少患者負(fù)面情緒,提高護(hù)理質(zhì)量及保障母嬰安全意義重大[6]。
如果產(chǎn)婦對(duì)健康知識(shí)了解不到位,很容易出現(xiàn)緊張、害怕的心理,而不良的情緒可延長產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)程,出現(xiàn)子宮受到乏力,進(jìn)而出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)后出血及胎兒窘迫等情況。該文觀察組給予產(chǎn)婦整體護(hù)理干預(yù),主要是包括健康教育、心理護(hù)理、母嬰一體化護(hù)理等,給予產(chǎn)婦講解健康知識(shí),能夠提高產(chǎn)婦對(duì)分娩的認(rèn)知,能夠有效減輕產(chǎn)婦負(fù)面情緒,加之心理護(hù)理,產(chǎn)房護(hù)理,進(jìn)一步消除了產(chǎn)婦的緊張、恐懼情緒。結(jié)果顯示,觀察組產(chǎn)婦焦慮評(píng)分(16.2±2.7)分、抑郁評(píng)分(35.4±7.3)分與對(duì)照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),這與尚波等人研究中[7],研究組焦慮評(píng)分(16.6±3.2)分、抑郁評(píng)分(35.2±5.7)分顯著優(yōu)于對(duì)照組的結(jié)果一致。均說明,整體護(hù)理干預(yù)可顯著改善產(chǎn)婦情緒狀態(tài)。該研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組護(hù)理質(zhì)量的優(yōu)良率90.0%與對(duì)照組74.51%, 觀察組剖宮產(chǎn)率3.92%、胎兒窘迫3.92%顯著低于對(duì)照組,這與吳娜研究中[8],試驗(yàn)組通過整體護(hù)理干預(yù),其護(hù)理質(zhì)量優(yōu)良率達(dá)到90%顯著高于對(duì)照組,而不良妊娠結(jié)局中,剖宮產(chǎn)率4.0%,胎兒窘迫3.78%顯著低于對(duì)照組的結(jié)果一致。此結(jié)果表明整體護(hù)理不僅可提高護(hù)理質(zhì)量,對(duì)降低不良妊娠結(jié)局效果也十分明顯。在滿意度方面,觀察組很滿意29例,滿意20例,不滿意2例,其護(hù)理滿意度為(49/51)96.08%顯著高于對(duì)照組78.43%,比較差異顯著,說明整體護(hù)理干預(yù)效果明顯,改善護(hù)患關(guān)系,提高護(hù)理滿意度。
綜上所述,對(duì)產(chǎn)婦采取整體護(hù)理干預(yù),可改善其不良情緒,提高護(hù)理質(zhì)量,保障母嬰安全,減少不良妊娠結(jié)局的發(fā)生,值得臨床推廣。
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(收稿日期:2017-01-09)