魏秀文??王麗艷??繆宇琴??舒蓉
[摘要] 目的 分析規(guī)范化健康教育對(duì)胃癌患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥和生活質(zhì)量的影響。 方法 收集2015年10月~2017年2月90例胃癌手術(shù)治療患者并隨機(jī)分為兩組,各45例??陬^組實(shí)施常規(guī)口頭教育,規(guī)范組實(shí)施規(guī)范化健康教育。比較兩組患者健康知識(shí)知曉情況;術(shù)后肛門(mén)首次排氣的時(shí)間、平均住院日;干預(yù)前后患者生活質(zhì)量(SF-36量表)的差異;術(shù)后遠(yuǎn)期傾倒綜合征、營(yíng)養(yǎng)障礙等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。 結(jié)果 規(guī)范組患者健康知識(shí)知曉情況高于口頭組(P<0.05);規(guī)范組術(shù)后肛門(mén)首次排氣的時(shí)間、平均住院日短于口頭組(P<0.05);干預(yù)前兩組生活質(zhì)量(SF-36量表)相近,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);干預(yù)后規(guī)范組生活質(zhì)量(SF-36量表)優(yōu)于口頭組(P<0.05)。規(guī)范組患者術(shù)后傾倒綜合征等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低于口頭組(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 規(guī)范化健康教育對(duì)胃癌患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥和生活質(zhì)量的影響大,可有效提升患者健康知識(shí)認(rèn)知,縮短胃腸功能恢復(fù)時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間,減少并發(fā)癥的出現(xiàn),促進(jìn)患者術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量的提高,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 規(guī)范化健康教育;胃癌患者;術(shù)后并發(fā)癥;生活質(zhì)量
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R473.73 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 2095-0616(2017)12-130-03
Effect of standardized health education to postoperative complications and quality of life in patients with gastric cancer
WEI Xiuwen WANG Liyan MIAO Yuqin SHU Rong
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery,Huizhou Central Hospital,Huizhou 516001,China
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the effect of standardized health education on postoperative complications and quality of life in patients with gastric cancer. Methods 90 patients with gastric cancer from October 2015 to February 2017 were selecged and randomly divided into two groups according to the admission number,with 45 cases in each. Patients in oral group were treated with regular oral education,and patients in standardized group were treated with standardized health education.The awareness of health knowledge.The time of the first anal exhaust and the average length of stay,differences in patient quality of life (SF-36 scale),the incidence of complications such as dumping syndrome and nutritional disturbance in the long term after operation before and after intervention were compared between the two groups. Results The health knowledge of the patients in the standardized group was higher than that in the oral group (P<0.05).The time of first exhaust and the average length of hospital stay was shorter than that of the oral group (P<0.05).The quality of life (SF-36) in the standardized group was better than that in the oral group (P<0.05).The incidence of complications such as postoperative dumping syndrome was lower in the standardized group than that in the oral group (P<0.05). Conclusion Normalized health education has great influence on the postoperative complications and quality of life of gastric cancer patients.It can effectively improve the cognition of patients health knowledge,shorten the recovery time and hospitalization time of gastrointestinal function,reduce the occurrence of complications,and promote the quality of life of the increase.It is worth promoting the application.
[Key words] Standardized health education;Patients with gastric cancer;Postoperative complications;Quality of life
胃癌患者因手術(shù)刺激和麻醉抑制作用等影響,術(shù)后胃腸道蠕動(dòng)消失或減弱,容易出現(xiàn)各種并發(fā)癥,降低其生活質(zhì)量,甚至需再進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療,需給予全面有效的健康教育和指導(dǎo)[1]。本研究分析了規(guī)范化健康教育對(duì)胃腸癌患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥和生活質(zhì)量的影響,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
收集2015年10月~2017年2月90例胃癌手術(shù)治療患者隨機(jī)分為兩組,各45例。規(guī)范組患者男30例,女15例;30~79歲,年齡(46.1±2.1)歲。胃癌部位:賁門(mén)、胃大彎、胃角、胃竇、胃小彎分別10例、15例、11例、5例和4例。合并糖尿病8例、高血壓12例??陬^組患者男29例,女16例;年齡31~79歲,平均(46.9±2.7)歲。胃癌部位:賁門(mén)、胃大彎、胃角、胃竇、胃小彎分別10例、15例、10例、6例和4例。合并糖尿病7例、高血壓12例。兩組一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。本研究經(jīng)患者知情同意及醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)通過(guò)。
1.2 方法
口頭組實(shí)施常規(guī)口頭教育,規(guī)范組實(shí)施規(guī)范化健康教育。(1)術(shù)前宣教:住院第一天參加術(shù)前疾病宣教講座,對(duì)患者和家屬發(fā)放健康教育資料,內(nèi)容為:①術(shù)前戒煙、吹氣球肺功能鍛煉;②術(shù)前飲食種類(lèi),腸內(nèi)外營(yíng)養(yǎng)支持;③認(rèn)識(shí)疼痛評(píng)估尺內(nèi)容;④踝泵運(yùn)動(dòng)指導(dǎo),告知術(shù)后清醒可做踝泵運(yùn)動(dòng),防止下肢靜脈血栓發(fā)生;⑤術(shù)后早期下床活動(dòng)、翻身和腹式呼吸等對(duì)加速胃腸功能恢復(fù)的作用;⑥術(shù)后飲食原則等。護(hù)理人員結(jié)合患者文化程度和理解能力講解內(nèi)容,通俗易懂,確保患者理解,并耐心回答患者和家屬問(wèn)題,以提高其術(shù)后配合度[2-3]。(2)術(shù)后活動(dòng)宣教:術(shù)后6~8小時(shí)后,對(duì)血壓穩(wěn)定,神志清醒的患者每隔2小時(shí)翻身1次,鼓勵(lì)患者進(jìn)行腹式呼吸。術(shù)后1天指導(dǎo)患者屈伸四肢和坐起;術(shù)后2天在護(hù)理人員和家屬的協(xié)助下下床行走,第3天可自行在病區(qū)活動(dòng),注意用手輕輕按壓切口部位,并確保引流管和胃管固定妥當(dāng),活動(dòng)時(shí)間可根據(jù)患者耐受情況決定[4-5]。(3)術(shù)后飲食宣教:告知患者和家屬早期少量多餐進(jìn)食,避免油膩、甜食,在進(jìn)餐后平臥15min,并逐漸增加進(jìn)食量。在肛門(mén)排氣后可少量飲水,第二天開(kāi)始可進(jìn)食半量流質(zhì),第三天為全量流質(zhì),第四天半流質(zhì),并逐漸過(guò)渡到軟食和普通飲食[6-7]。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
比較兩組患者健康知識(shí)知曉情況(完全知曉、部分知曉、未知曉);術(shù)后肛門(mén)首次排氣的時(shí)間、平均住院日;干預(yù)前后患者生活質(zhì)量(SF-36量表[8])的差異;術(shù)后傾倒綜合征等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
本研究采用SPSS22.0軟件統(tǒng)計(jì),計(jì)量資料以()表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以百分?jǐn)?shù)表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者健康知識(shí)知曉情況比較
規(guī)范組患者健康知識(shí)知曉情況高于口頭組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
2.2 干預(yù)前后生活質(zhì)量比較
干預(yù)前兩組生活質(zhì)量(SF-36量表)相近,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);干預(yù)后規(guī)范組生活質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)于口頭組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 兩組患者術(shù)后肛門(mén)首次排氣的時(shí)間、平均住院日相比較
規(guī)范組術(shù)后肛門(mén)首次排氣的時(shí)間、平均住院日短于口頭組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
2.4 兩組患者術(shù)后傾倒綜合征等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較
規(guī)范組患者術(shù)后傾倒綜合征等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低于口頭組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
3 討論
健康教育是借助有組織、有計(jì)劃的教育活動(dòng),促使人們自覺(jué)采取健康生活方式和行為,減輕或消除對(duì)健康造成影響的危險(xiǎn)因素,有效預(yù)防疾病發(fā)生,提高機(jī)體健康水平和生活質(zhì)量的一種護(hù)理方式[9-11]。但傳統(tǒng)口頭健康教育過(guò)于隨意、無(wú)計(jì)劃性,效果欠佳,系統(tǒng)化健康教育則克服了口頭教育的缺陷,具有明確目標(biāo)、計(jì)劃性,將其用于胃癌患者護(hù)理,可使患者明確術(shù)后早期活動(dòng)對(duì)加速胃腸功能恢復(fù)的重要性,并遵醫(yī)囑進(jìn)行翻身、腹式呼吸和下床活動(dòng)等訓(xùn)練,加速了術(shù)后肛門(mén)排氣時(shí)間;可通過(guò)健康教育促使患者和家屬明確術(shù)后少食多餐和合理飲食的重要性,可避免飲食不當(dāng)而出現(xiàn)傾倒綜合征等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生,縮短了患者的住院時(shí)間,并對(duì)其術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量的提升鋪墊了基礎(chǔ)[12-15]。
規(guī)范組患者健康知識(shí)知曉情況高于口頭組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);規(guī)范組術(shù)后肛門(mén)首次排氣的時(shí)間、平均住院日短于口頭組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);干預(yù)前兩組生活質(zhì)量(SF-36量表)比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);干預(yù)后規(guī)范組生活質(zhì)量(SF-36量表)優(yōu)于口頭組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。規(guī)范組患者術(shù)后傾倒綜合征等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低于口頭組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
綜上所述,規(guī)范化健康教育對(duì)胃癌患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥和生活質(zhì)量的影響大,可有效提升患者健康知識(shí)認(rèn)知,縮短胃腸功能恢復(fù)時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間,減少并發(fā)癥的出現(xiàn),促進(jìn)患者術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量的提高,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期:2017-04-20)