一、名詞
寫作中,學生們常把握不好名詞的數、所有格以及一些集合名詞的用法。
1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday.
句中的a要去掉,因為advice是不可數名詞。一些漢語概念為可數的詞在英語中卻是不可數的,表示數量時在其前加a piece of,類似的詞有:news, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。
2. That girl loves reading book.
可數名詞單數不能孤零零地放在句子里,或前面加冠詞,或將其變?yōu)閺蛿?。此處最好變?yōu)閎ooks。
3. He went into a book’s shop and bought a dictionary.
一般表示有生命的東西的名詞的所有格用’s,如my mother’s car, 而此處適宜用名詞修飾名詞,改為a book shop。
4. My family is watching TV.
一些集合名詞如看成一個整體,則用單數的謂語動詞,如My family is a happy one; 如強調集合中每個個體的個人行為,則用復數的謂語動詞。此處看電視是個體行為,應把is改為are。類似的詞有:team, class, audience等。
5. I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket.
中學階段以“o”結尾的名詞中有四個詞變復數時要加es,它們是tomato, potato, Negro, hero; 其余的都加s變?yōu)閺蛿怠?/p>
6.This has nothing to do with their believes.(這和他們的信仰沒關系。)
以f,fe結尾的詞變?yōu)閺蛿禃r一般去f,fe加ves,如knife—knives, thief—thieves; 而roof和belief直接加s變?yōu)閺蛿?。所以應把believes改為beliefs。
二、冠詞
7. The boss wants to hire an useful person.
用a還是an,取決于后面單詞的第一個音標,如為元音用an,為輔音用a。useful的第一個音是輔音,所以應把an改為a。類似的,我們說a European country。
8.Plane is a machine that can fly.
Plane為可數名詞單數,不能單獨放在句中,應在其前加冠詞或把它變?yōu)閺蛿担揪浜笥衋 machine, 因此只能在其前面加a,變?yōu)锳 plane。
9.He played a piano at the party yesterday.
把a改為the,因為樂器前用定冠詞。
10.The machine was invented in 1920s.
在in后加the,因為表示年代用in加the再加幾十的復數,如在上世紀80年代,in the 80s。
11.Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day.
去掉the,因為表示交通方式用by直接加交通工具。
三、代詞
使用代詞時請注意其單、復數,主、賓格以及形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法。
12.He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.
定語從句的先行詞是those speakers,為復數,因此從句中的指示代詞應為復數,應把his改為their。
13.Whom do you think has left the lights on?
放在疑問句特殊疑問詞后的do you think / believe / guess / imagine /
suppose等都不參與句子成分,把它們去掉后,疑問詞在句中做主語用主格,做賓語用賓格。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主語,應把Whom改為Who。
14.The boss pretended not to see John and I.
John和I在句中都作賓語,應把I改為me。
15.These books are mine; those in the bag are her.
Her是形容詞性物主代詞,后面應該加名詞books,或把her改為hers。