賀旭東
·論著·
聯(lián)合檢測(cè)血清CYFRA21-1和SCC-Ag水平在診斷食管癌中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值
賀旭東
目的分析聯(lián)合檢測(cè)血清CYFRA21-1、SCC-Ag水平在診斷食管癌中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。方法隨機(jī)選取2014年7月至2016年7月腫瘤內(nèi)科和消化內(nèi)科就診的食管癌患者874例為研究對(duì)象(試驗(yàn)組),同時(shí)期健康體檢者874例為對(duì)照組,分別采集試驗(yàn)患者空腹5.0 ml靜脈血,檢測(cè)血清中細(xì)胞角蛋白19片段抗原(CYRRA21-1)和鱗狀細(xì)胞癌相關(guān)抗原(SCC-Ag)的含量水平,應(yīng)用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果(1)試驗(yàn)組CYRRA21-1高于對(duì)照組(38.19±49.75,4.86±2.79),試驗(yàn)組SCC-Ag高于對(duì)照組(28.77±52.26,2.05±1.83),2組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。(2)CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag在不同分化程度之間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。(3)CYRRA21-1在試驗(yàn)組中的陽(yáng)性率為79.75%,SCC-Ag在試驗(yàn)組中的陽(yáng)性率為74.83%。(4)ROC曲線分析顯示,CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag的聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)診斷食管癌具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義,可以提高診斷的陽(yáng)性率,特異性為100%。結(jié)論細(xì)胞分化程度與血清CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag含量水平無(wú)必然聯(lián)系,聯(lián)合診斷血清CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag含量水平,有助于提高食管癌的診斷率,具有一定的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
細(xì)胞角蛋白19片段抗原;鱗狀細(xì)胞癌相關(guān)抗原;食管癌
食管腺癌是食管腺體發(fā)生的惡性腫瘤,其危險(xiǎn)因素有吸煙、胃食管反流、肥胖、遺傳易感性等[1]。我國(guó)大概超過(guò)95%屬于鱗狀細(xì)胞癌,歐美國(guó)家大多數(shù)是腺癌[2]。根據(jù)社會(huì)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,在農(nóng)村存在食管癌的人數(shù)要比城市多,并且男性占大多數(shù)[3]。食管癌早期沒有很明顯的癥狀所以導(dǎo)致一般檢查到食管癌的時(shí)候已經(jīng)發(fā)展到中后期,這時(shí)再進(jìn)行手術(shù)之后只有13%~22%能夠多生存6年[4]。臨床上檢測(cè)癌癥主要通過(guò)腫瘤標(biāo)志物,使用方便、快速、經(jīng)濟(jì),并且某些腫瘤標(biāo)志物的靈敏度非常高,在疾病開始的時(shí)候就能夠被檢測(cè)到,而且整個(gè)發(fā)病到結(jié)束都能通過(guò)其進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)。鱗狀細(xì)胞癌相關(guān)抗原(squamous cell carcinoma antigen,SCC-Ag)屬于抗原,Kato等[5]在子宮癌的活檢組織進(jìn)行研究找到了一種鱗狀細(xì)胞組織抗原TA-4。而且在其他發(fā)生在身體不同位置的鱗狀細(xì)胞癌患者血液中都存在這種抗原[6]。細(xì)胞角蛋白19片段抗原(cytokeratin 192 fragments,CYFRA21-1)存在上皮細(xì)胞胞漿中的細(xì)胞角蛋白,在發(fā)生細(xì)胞癌變的過(guò)程中這種蛋白會(huì)死亡然后進(jìn)入血液中,主要存在的是食管上皮和肺癌等的細(xì)胞胞漿中[7]。本文主要對(duì)聯(lián)合檢測(cè)血清CYFRA21-1、SCC-Ag水平在診斷食管癌中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值進(jìn)行研究,為臨床治療提供參考。
1.1 一般資料 隨機(jī)選取2014年7月至2016年7月在我院腫瘤內(nèi)科和消化內(nèi)科就診的食管癌患者874例研究對(duì)象為試驗(yàn)組,男562例,女312例;平均年齡(66.9±8.4)歲;按臨床分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期,其中Ⅲ期532例,Ⅳ期342例,按病理結(jié)果可分為高分化280例,中分化392例,低分化202例,選取同時(shí)期健康體檢者874例為對(duì)照組,男527例,347例;平均年齡(62.5±14.7)歲;2組性別比、年齡比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.1.1 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):試驗(yàn)組:經(jīng)電子胃鏡及病理學(xué)診斷明確為食管鱗癌患者,年齡>18周歲,根據(jù)臨床分期為Ⅲ~Ⅳ期,患者且均為初治未進(jìn)行手術(shù)、放化療及其他抗腫瘤治療;對(duì)照組:年齡>18周歲,體質(zhì)健康者,經(jīng)過(guò)篩查已排除惡性腫瘤。
1.1.2 剔除標(biāo)淮:食管組年齡<18周歲,既往行手術(shù)、放化療或其他抗腫瘤治療者,合并有嚴(yán)重心、腦、肺臟疾病,肝、腎功能不全及感染性疾??;對(duì)照姐年齡<18周歲,體質(zhì)虛弱的老年人,妊娠或哺乳期女性。
1.2 研究方法 分別采集試驗(yàn)患者空腹5.0 ml靜脈血,檢測(cè)血清中CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag的含量水平。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo) 血清中CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag的含量水平。
1.4 質(zhì)量控制 所有試驗(yàn)患者的血清樣品均重復(fù)檢測(cè)3次,取平均值,腫瘤標(biāo)志物陽(yáng)性界定值:CYRRA21-1:0~7 ng/ml,SCC-Ag:0~2.5 ng/ml。
2.1 2組患者血清中CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag含量水平分析 通過(guò)對(duì)2組患者血清中CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag的含量水平進(jìn)行比較分析,試驗(yàn)組CYRRA21-1高于對(duì)照組,試驗(yàn)組SCC-Ag高于對(duì)照組,2組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。見表1。
組別CYRRA21?1SCC?Ag試驗(yàn)組38.19±49.7528.77±52.26對(duì)照組4.86±2.792.05±1.83t值26.34724.951P值0.0020.001
2.2 試驗(yàn)組患者不同分化程度中CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag的含量水平分析 通過(guò)對(duì)試驗(yàn)組患者不同分化程度中CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag的含量水平進(jìn)行比較分析,CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag在不同分化程度之間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。
分化程度CYRRA21?1SCC?Ag高分化(n=280)28.13±43.6223.31±46.02中分化(n=392)39.11±54.7522.59±41.41低分化(n=202)44.78±50.3158.18±71.46t值0.5543.694P值0.7560.073
2.3 血清中CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag在試驗(yàn)組中陽(yáng)性率分析 通過(guò)對(duì)血清中CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag在試驗(yàn)組的陽(yáng)性率進(jìn)行比較分析,CYRRA21-1在試驗(yàn)組中的陽(yáng)性率為79.75%,SCC-Ag在試驗(yàn)組中的陽(yáng)性率為74.83%。見表3。
表3 血清中CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag試驗(yàn)組中的陽(yáng)性率比較 n=874
2.4 聯(lián)合檢測(cè)血清CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag水平在食管癌中的價(jià)值分析 通過(guò)建立ROC曲線對(duì)聯(lián)合檢測(cè)血清CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag水平在食管癌中的價(jià)值進(jìn)行比較分析,CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag的聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)診斷食管癌具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義,可以提高診斷的陽(yáng)性率,特異性為100%。見圖1。
圖1 聯(lián)合檢測(cè)血清CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag水平在食管癌中的價(jià)值
腫瘤是以細(xì)胞異常增生為特點(diǎn)的一類疾病,其發(fā)生并非單個(gè)分子事件,而是一個(gè)多因素參與、多途徑、多步驟的復(fù)雜過(guò)程,是環(huán)境和遺傳因素共同作用的結(jié)果[8]。腫瘤因?yàn)檫z傳因素的只有小部分,大部分的腫瘤患者發(fā)生細(xì)胞癌變主要還是因?yàn)樯盍?xí)慣和生活環(huán)境導(dǎo)致的,比如缺乏微量元素、發(fā)生感染、生活不規(guī)律等[9,10]。利用腫瘤標(biāo)志物進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)不僅能在疾病從發(fā)生到結(jié)束實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè),同時(shí)操作方便,費(fèi)用較低,使其被廣泛的用在臨床,腫瘤標(biāo)志物的種類有很多,包括酶、胚胎蛋A、癌基因蛋白等,起到監(jiān)測(cè)食管癌的腫瘤標(biāo)志物有CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag等。
Kato等[11,12]是鱗狀上皮細(xì)胞抗原的最早發(fā)現(xiàn)者,他們是在宮頸鱗癌患者身上找到的,是現(xiàn)在首選的宮頸癌診斷標(biāo)志物。鱗狀上皮細(xì)胞抗原的含量直接關(guān)系著腫瘤TNM分期以及手術(shù)之后的恢復(fù)。在進(jìn)行檢測(cè)未進(jìn)行治療的時(shí)候,其表達(dá)越強(qiáng)烈患者越接近末期,也就是生命時(shí)長(zhǎng)越短,它屬于獨(dú)立的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)宮頸癌腫瘤標(biāo)志物[13]。逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)在其他如肺、食管等發(fā)生鱗狀細(xì)胞癌變的地方也有SCC-Ag的表達(dá),并且直接決定腫瘤的屬性[14]。Jeffrey等[15]研究中檢測(cè)到SCC-Ag存在的食管癌患者有73.8%,還有其他多名醫(yī)者都對(duì)該標(biāo)志物進(jìn)行陽(yáng)性率檢測(cè)分析,國(guó)內(nèi)外都沒有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的概率值,并且該值的波動(dòng)很大,還有待進(jìn)一步研究統(tǒng)一。研究顯示食管鱗癌患者SCC-Ag的敏感度是26.7%。Ni等[16]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)腫瘤分期和SCC-Ag腫瘤標(biāo)志物的分化程度有很大關(guān)系。腫瘤細(xì)胞分化越差,SCC-Ag表達(dá)就會(huì)越強(qiáng)烈,腫瘤的惡性程度就更深,所以我們認(rèn)為在SCC-Ag的水平對(duì)反應(yīng)腫瘤惡化程度以及分期有直接的指導(dǎo)作用。并且有在手術(shù)之后檢測(cè)是否發(fā)生復(fù)發(fā)的價(jià)值。Lu等[17]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),腫瘤的大小、是否發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移等情況都和SCC-Ag的含量有正相關(guān)關(guān)系,可以作為食管鱗癌的診斷因子。
單克隆抗體(KS19.1)和(BM19.21)共同構(gòu)成了能夠判斷出細(xì)胞角蛋白19(cyotkeratin19,CK19)片段的CYRRA21-1,它是首選的非小細(xì)胞肺癌的標(biāo)志物。Ievleva[18]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)它在血清中的表達(dá)水平直接關(guān)系到非小細(xì)胞肺癌的分期以及預(yù)后。在早期對(duì)非小細(xì)胞肺癌進(jìn)行診斷治療有很重要的地位,并且它在整個(gè)非小細(xì)胞肺癌發(fā)生發(fā)展手術(shù)之后是否復(fù)發(fā)都有檢測(cè)參考的價(jià)值。Senekjian等[19]在食管鱗癌的治療中利用CYRRA21-1作為標(biāo)志物,發(fā)現(xiàn)它能夠?qū)⒅委煼磻?yīng)很快的顯示出來(lái),因?yàn)樗挥写蟾? d的半衰期。Maniar等[20]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)49.2%的準(zhǔn)確率存在食管癌患者中。本文研究結(jié)果顯示,試驗(yàn)組CYRRA21-1高于對(duì)照組(38.19±49.75,4.86±2.79),試驗(yàn)組SCC-Ag高于對(duì)照組(28.77±52.26,2.05±1.83),2組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag在不同分化程度之間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),CYRRA21-1在試驗(yàn)組中的陽(yáng)性率為79.75%,SCC-Ag在試驗(yàn)組中的陽(yáng)性率為74.83%,ROC曲線分析顯示,CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag的聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)診斷食管癌具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義,可以提高診斷的陽(yáng)性率,特異性為100%。這說(shuō)明CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag的聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)食管癌有一定診斷價(jià)值,多種腫瘤標(biāo)志物聯(lián)合對(duì)腫瘤情況進(jìn)行檢測(cè)會(huì)更加的快捷準(zhǔn)確,能夠避免出現(xiàn)單項(xiàng)標(biāo)志物不敏感導(dǎo)致漏診的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),為早期診斷出食管癌進(jìn)行及時(shí)的控制延長(zhǎng)生命有一定的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
細(xì)胞分化程度與血清CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag含量水平無(wú)必然聯(lián)系,聯(lián)合診斷血清CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag含量水平,有助于提高食管癌的診斷率,具有一定的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
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ApplicationvalueofcombineddetectionofserumlevelsofCYFRA21-1withSCC-Agindiagnosisofesophagealcancer
HEXudong.
ClinicalLaboratoryCenter,AffiliatedHospitalofLiaoningTCMUniversity,Shenyang110032,China
ObjectiveTo analyze the application value of combined detection of serum levels of cell keratin 19 fragment antigen (CYRRA21-1) with squamous cell carcinoma associated antigen (SCC-Ag) in diagnosis of esophageal cancer.MethodsA total of 874 patients with esophageal cancer who were treated in our hospital from July 2014 to July 2016 were enrolled as trial group,at the same time, 874 healthy subjects were enrolled as control group.The serum levels of cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen (CYRRA21-1) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) were detected and compared between two groups.ResultsThe levels of CYRRA21-1 in trial group were higher than those in control group (38.19± 49.75 vs 4.86±2.79),and the levels of SCC-Ag in trial group were higher than those in control group (28.77±52.26 vs 2.05±1.83),there were significant differences between two groups (P<0.01). However there were no significant differences in CYRRA21-1和SCC-Ag among different differentiation degrees of tumor (P>0.05).The positive rate of CYRRA21-1 in trial group was 79.75%,and the positive rate of SCC-Ag in trial group was 74.83%.ROC curve analysis showed that the combined detection of CYRRA21-1 with SCC-Ag had a certain guidance significance in diagnosis of esophageal cancer,which could increase positive rate of diagnosis,with specificity being 100%.ConclusionThe cell differentiation degree is not necessarily correlated to serum levels of CYRRA21-1 and SCC-Ag,but combined detection of serum levels of CYRRA21-1 with SCC-Ag is helpful to improve diagnosis rate of esophageal cancer and has certain application value.
cell keratin 19 fragment antigen; squamous cell carcinoma associated antigen; esophageal cancer
110032 沈陽(yáng)市,遼寧中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院臨床檢驗(yàn)中心
10.3969/j.issn.1002-7386.2017.19.002
R 735.1
A
1002-7386(2017)19-2890-04
2017-04-18)