韓秉艷,瑪依拉·夏坎,王皓,賈文霄,王云玲
磁共振準(zhǔn)連續(xù)動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記技術(shù)在不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱患者中的初步研究
韓秉艷,瑪依拉·夏坎,王皓,賈文霄,王云玲*
作者單位:新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院影像中心,烏魯木齊 830063
目的 應(yīng)用磁共振準(zhǔn)連續(xù)動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記(pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling,pCASL)技術(shù)觀察不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱患者腦部運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)(內(nèi)囊后肢皮質(zhì)脊髓束)的血流特點(diǎn),通過血流變化來研究腦癱患兒運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)的功能病理基礎(chǔ),為臨床治療效果及早期診斷提供影像支持。材料與方法 回顧性分析經(jīng)臨床診斷為不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱患者與志愿者各20例,觀察不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱患者雙側(cè)內(nèi)囊后肢皮質(zhì)脊髓束運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)腦血流量的變化,通過t檢驗(yàn)分析志愿者、患兒及志愿者與患兒雙側(cè)腦血流的的情況。結(jié)果 志愿者、不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱患者左、右兩側(cè)內(nèi)囊后肢的皮質(zhì)脊髓束運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)局部腦血流量差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),左側(cè)腦血流量高于右側(cè)。志愿者與腦癱患者左、右兩側(cè)局部腦血流量比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),志愿者局部腦血流量高于不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱患者。結(jié)論 雙側(cè)內(nèi)囊后肢功能運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)腦血流減低是導(dǎo)致不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)的功能病理基礎(chǔ)之一,可以通過磁共振pCASL技術(shù)對(duì)不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)的血流量進(jìn)行定量分析。
腦性癱瘓;內(nèi)囊;磁共振成像
不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦性癱瘓是錐體外系受損 引起的腦性癱瘓之一,它占所有腦癱發(fā)病率的10%~30%,其導(dǎo)致的運(yùn)動(dòng)殘疾程度往往較重,治療難度較大[1]。臨床表現(xiàn)主要表現(xiàn)為手足徐動(dòng)、舞蹈樣動(dòng)作、震顫等。筆者應(yīng)用磁共振準(zhǔn)連續(xù)動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記(pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling,pCASL)技術(shù)對(duì)不隨意型運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱患者雙側(cè)內(nèi)囊后肢區(qū)域腦血流量 (regional cerebral blood flow,rCBF)進(jìn)行初步研究,研究腦癱患兒運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)的功能病理基礎(chǔ),通過該區(qū)域腦血流的變化為臨床治療效果進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),同時(shí)為常規(guī)MRI表現(xiàn)為陰性患者早期診斷提供影像支持,使患者得到及時(shí)診斷及相應(yīng)治療。
搜集本院2016年5月至10月被臨床診斷為不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱患者20例,志愿者20例,年齡4~15歲,平均年齡6歲。志愿者均為右利手。
1.2.1 儀器與掃描方法
使用Philips公司3.0 T聚源磁共振16通道頭顱線圈,所有不配合患者經(jīng)水合氯醛灌腸后進(jìn)行檢查。先進(jìn)行短激發(fā) T1WI、T2WI 序列掃描后進(jìn)行pCASL掃描,全部掃描時(shí)間約為7 min。具體參數(shù):TR 4000 ms,TE 15 ms, FOV 240 mm×240 mm,層數(shù)16,層厚5.0 mm,層間距1 mm。感興趣區(qū)(ROI)為雙側(cè)內(nèi)囊后肢后3/4處,面積約為16 mm×16 mm,同一部位測(cè)量三次,取平均值進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。
1.2.2 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
用SPSS 19.0軟件包對(duì)腦癱患者組及正常志愿者對(duì)照組所測(cè)量的雙側(cè)內(nèi)囊后肢rCBF值進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,各組數(shù)據(jù)采用表示,先進(jìn)行正態(tài)性檢驗(yàn),再進(jìn)行配對(duì)及獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行分析比較,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
志愿者、腦癱患者左、右兩側(cè)內(nèi)囊后肢的皮質(zhì)脊髓束運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)局部腦血流量有差異性(P<0.05),左側(cè)局部腦血流量高于右側(cè)。志愿者與腦癱患者雙側(cè)內(nèi)囊后肢局部腦血流量比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),志愿者高于腦癱患者(表1,2;圖1)。
不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱主要是由錐體外系損傷引起的。錐體外系統(tǒng)主要是指基底神經(jīng)節(jié)(基底核),各核團(tuán)之間通過神經(jīng)纖維和神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)相聯(lián)系,為自主運(yùn)動(dòng)所必需的肌張力和姿勢(shì)做好準(zhǔn)備。以基底節(jié)為主的錐體外系受損可引起隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙而不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)增多,表現(xiàn)為扭轉(zhuǎn)痙攣張力障礙,舞蹈及手足徐動(dòng)等癥狀。不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱的主要病因?yàn)槿毖跞毖阅X損傷和膽紅素腦病,病變主要在基底神經(jīng)節(jié)區(qū)[2-3]。也有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,部分原因造成腦損傷可選擇性損傷蒼白球[4],在雙側(cè)內(nèi)囊后肢后3/4處(相當(dāng)于蒼白球的后緣水平)為皮質(zhì)脊髓束所在區(qū)域,該區(qū)域受損會(huì)影響神經(jīng)纖維的傳導(dǎo),從而會(huì)引起相關(guān)臨床癥狀。
筆者通過PCASL研究不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱患者該區(qū)域的血流情況,rCBF值具有明確的臨床及生理學(xué)意義,是臨床工作中認(rèn)可度較高的常用檢查技術(shù)[5],它結(jié)合了連續(xù)式 ASL 和脈沖式 ASL 優(yōu)點(diǎn),是一種全新無創(chuàng)容積灌注成像技術(shù)[6],它的短脈沖能夠減少受檢者的能量吸收率,同時(shí)還可以減輕磁化轉(zhuǎn)移效應(yīng),采集時(shí)間更短,能有效克服磁敏感及運(yùn)動(dòng)偽影,大大提高了圖像信噪比和標(biāo)記效率,灌注圖像更均勻[7-8]。Gevers等[9]對(duì)10例健康志愿者在3個(gè)影像中心均進(jìn)行pCASL、CASL和PASL檢查,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)pCASL聯(lián)合背景抑制法得到的數(shù)據(jù)差異性最小。目前關(guān)于pCASL的應(yīng)用相關(guān)研究較多,主要應(yīng)用在成人腦血管性病變、腫瘤性病變及阿爾茨海默病等中樞系統(tǒng)疾病較多[10-14],而在腦癱患兒中的應(yīng)用研究十分少見。筆者通過對(duì)志愿者與不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱內(nèi)囊后肢后3/4處局部腦血流的研究初步探討腦癱患兒的局部腦血流情況,在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)正常兒童左、右兩側(cè)內(nèi)囊后肢后3/4處血流情況左側(cè)局部血流高于右側(cè),P<0.05,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,可能的原因是本研究全部受試者均為右利手,長期的右手運(yùn)動(dòng)導(dǎo)致左側(cè)腦神經(jīng)活動(dòng)增強(qiáng),從而引起左側(cè)血流量選擇性增加有關(guān),這與劉世文等[15]手部運(yùn)動(dòng)可以導(dǎo)致腦血流相對(duì)增加的結(jié)果基本一致。另外,本研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)不隨意型腦癱患者左、右兩側(cè)內(nèi)囊后肢后 3/4處區(qū)域性腦血流是有差別的,P<0.05,左側(cè)腦血流還是高于對(duì)側(cè),這與志愿者局部血流表現(xiàn)基本一致,這是否與腦癱患兒大腦本身腦血流灌注有關(guān)還有待進(jìn)一步研究,但其與正常人比較,左、右兩側(cè)腦血流量是有差別的,P<0.05,患者左、右兩側(cè)腦血流均低于正常組,腦血流量的減低導(dǎo)致該區(qū)域的神經(jīng)纖維的發(fā)育不全或缺失從而導(dǎo)致錐體外系傳導(dǎo)通路的損傷從而造成腦損傷,引起患兒的不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)增加,這也說明雙側(cè)內(nèi)囊后肢后3/4處區(qū)域的腦血流對(duì)錐體外系傳導(dǎo)有著很重要的意義,也是導(dǎo)致不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱患者發(fā)病的因素之一。通過測(cè)量局部腦血流的變化,特別是在MRI常規(guī)掃描表現(xiàn)為陰性的患者,pCASL更能夠檢測(cè)到異常,其測(cè)量結(jié)果則更有意義,但也有局限性,由于研究對(duì)象為腦癱患兒,體位及腦部病變存在差異較大,這可能會(huì)影響部分測(cè)量的真實(shí)性,需在今后的研究中對(duì)腦部影像表現(xiàn)為陰性的患兒進(jìn)行專門研究,來彌補(bǔ)這方面的缺陷,再者還需要增加樣本量來進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步定量研究,從而為臨床不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱患兒運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)的功能病理基礎(chǔ)及早期診斷及治療提供可靠的影像支持。
表1 正常組、患者組雙側(cè)內(nèi)囊后肢rCBF比較Tab.1 Normal group, the patient group bilateral internal capsule hind limb rCBF comparison
表2 雙側(cè)內(nèi)囊后肢患者于正常組間的rCBF比較Tab. 2 Comparison of rCBF between the bilateral hind limb patients and the normal group
圖1 患者,女,5歲。肢體功能障礙并智力低下4年。A、B為ADC圖,A:患者診斷為左側(cè)頂葉腦裂畸形,左頂葉增寬的腦溝與左側(cè)側(cè)腦室相通;B:感興趣區(qū)選擇雙側(cè)內(nèi)囊后肢后3/4處,信號(hào)相對(duì)較高的部位;C:pCASL原始圖;D:偽彩圖,左側(cè)感興趣區(qū)血流量低于右側(cè),紅色為高灌注區(qū),右側(cè)感興趣區(qū)紅色范圍明顯大于左側(cè)Fig. 1 Female, 5 years old, and limb dysfunction and mental retardation for 4 years, A, B: ADC figures. A: Patient with left parietal lobe cleft, sulcus and left lateral ventricle with left parietal lobe broadening. B: Region of interest selection of bilateral posterior limb of the internal capsule 3/4, signal relatively high position. C: pCASL figure. D: The original pseudo color, the left side of blood flow in the region of interest was lower than the right, red for high perfusion area, right ROI red range was signi ficantly larger than the left.
pCASL技術(shù)不僅可以對(duì)全腦灌注還可以對(duì)區(qū)域性血流灌注進(jìn)行定量分析,其作為一種無創(chuàng)的影像學(xué)檢查方法將對(duì)腦癱的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)研究有著十分重要的價(jià)值。
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The preliminary study of magnetic resonance pCASL technique in dyskinetic cerebral palsy patients
HAN Bing-yan, Mayila·Xiakan, WANG Hao, JIA Wen-xiao, WANG Yun-ling*
Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi 830028, China
*Wang YL, E-mail: 2824059816@qq.com
Objective: To observe the blood flow characteristics of brain movement area (posterior capsule cortex spinal cord bundle) in patients with involuntary movement of cerebral palsy by magnetic resonance pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling(pCASL). To study the functional and pathological basis of the motor area of children with cerebral palsy by blood flow changes, and to provide the image support for clinical treatment and early diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical diagnosis of dyskinetic cerebral palsy patients and normal volunteers 20 cases,respectively, observed the change of dyskinetic cerebral palsy patients with bilateral posterior corticospinal motor area of cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood flow analysis of local motion area. t test was used to analyze the cerebral blood flow of bilateral cerebral blood flow in volunteers, children, volunteers and children. Results: There were signi ficant differences in local cerebral blood flow and corticospinal motor area volunteers dyskinetic cerebral palsy patients with left and right sides of the posterior limb of the internal capsule (P<0.05), left cerebral blood flow was higher than right.There was significant differences in cerebral blood flow between the left and right side of the patients with cerebral palsy (P<0.05). Conclusions: The function of motor area of cerebral blood flow to reduce the bilateral posterior limb of the internal capsule which is one of the basic functions of pathological dyskinetic cerebral palsy movement area, can make quantitative analysis on the blood flow through magnetic resonance pCASL technique of dyskinetic cerebral palsy movement area analysis.
Cerebral palsy; Internal capsule; Magnetic resonance imaging
Received 22 Dec 2016, Accepted 22 Mar 2017
王云玲,E-mail:2824059816@qq.com
2016-12-22
接受日期:2017-03-22
R445.2;R742
A
10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2017.05.002
韓秉艷, 瑪依拉·夏坎, 王皓, 等. 磁共振準(zhǔn)連續(xù)動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記技術(shù)在不隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)型腦癱患者中的初步研究. 磁共振成像, 2017, 8(5): 327-330.