陳維維 伍軍 桑婷 黃臻
Herbst雙期拔牙矯治對顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)位置影響的CBCT研究
陳維維 伍軍 桑婷 黃臻
Herbst雙期拔牙矯治; 顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)(TMJ); CBCT
1.1 病例選擇
1.2 矯治設計
1.3 研究方法
1.3.1 CBCT掃描 所有研究對象均在Herbst矯治器矯治前2 周(T1期)、Herbst矯治器初戴入矯治時(T2期)、Herbst矯治器拆除時(T3期)及二期固定矯治器拆除時(T4期)分別進行CBCT(KAVO公司生產(chǎn),掃描范圍:直徑16 cm×高度13 cm,管電壓120 kV, 管電流5 mA,曝光時間14.7 s,掃描層厚0.25 mm)掃描。CBCT的拍攝均由放射科同一名醫(yī)師按同一標準完成。
1.3.2 關(guān)節(jié)間隙測量 采用Invivo Dental軟件對CBCT圖像進行三維重建。作垂直于髁狀突最大長軸的層切線,令其層切厚度為1 mm, 重建出垂直于髁狀突長軸的一組斜位圖像,選擇處于中間的斜位圖像為矢狀位使用層。采用Kamelchuk[5]法在此層面上對關(guān)節(jié)上、前、后關(guān)節(jié)間隙進行測量,具體為:作平行于FH平面的直線L與關(guān)節(jié)窩上緣相切于切點S; 過S作L的垂線L1,位于關(guān)節(jié)間隙內(nèi)的連線長度為關(guān)節(jié)上間隙SS;過S作髁突前緣的切線L2,再過髁突前緣切點作L2的垂線,位于關(guān)節(jié)間隙內(nèi)的連線長度為關(guān)節(jié)前間隙AS;過S作髁突后緣的切線L3,再過髁突后緣切點作L3的垂線,位于關(guān)節(jié)間隙內(nèi)的連線長度為關(guān)節(jié)后間隙SS(圖 1)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學方法
采用SPSS 17.0軟件進行配對t檢驗,檢驗水準為α=0.05。
SS: 關(guān)節(jié)上間隙; AS: 關(guān)節(jié)前間隙; PS: 關(guān)節(jié)后間隙
SS: Superior joint space; AS: Anterior joint space; PS: Posterior joint space
Fig 1 Measurements of superior, anterior and posterior joint space
2.1 臨床療效
2.2 測量結(jié)果
治療前左右兩側(cè)顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)間隙、不同時期顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)間隙及間隙變化量見表 1~3。
由表 1可見,治療前左、右兩側(cè)顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)間隙無明顯差異(P>0.05)。因此,將左、右兩側(cè)間隙合并,取其平均值計算。
表 1 治療前左、右兩側(cè)顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)間隙測量值比較
Tab 1 Comparison of TMJ joint space measurements before treatment between left and right side
(mm, ±s)
表 2 不同治療時期顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)間隙測量值
由表2~3及圖 2可見, T1-T2-T3期,關(guān)節(jié)前間隙先減小后增大,關(guān)節(jié)上間隙、關(guān)節(jié)后間隙先增大后減小,T3期髁突幾乎回復至T1期位置; 與T3期比,T4關(guān)節(jié)上、后間隙進一步減小,關(guān)節(jié)前間隙無明顯變化,髁突進一步向T1期位置回復;與T1期比,T4各關(guān)節(jié)間隙的變化均無明顯差異,說明雙期矯治結(jié)束后髁突相對于關(guān)節(jié)窩回到了治療前的位置。
表 3 不同治療時期顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)間隙變化測量值比較
注:①P<0.05; ②P<0.01
圖 2 不同治療時期關(guān)節(jié)上、前、后間隙變化趨勢
髁突在關(guān)節(jié)窩中的位置可以通過三維的關(guān)節(jié)間隙來確定[6]。 目前常用的關(guān)節(jié)間隙測量方法主要包括Madsen[7]、Kamelchuk[5]和張震康等[8]的線距定量測量方法以及Pullinger[9]和Rammelsberg等[10]的面積定量測量方法。王瑞永等[11]在CBCT圖像上通過以上5 種測量方法測量關(guān)節(jié)間隙來分析正常成年人髁突在關(guān)節(jié)窩中的位置,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)5 種測量方法均顯示髁突基本位于關(guān)節(jié)窩的中央位置,且5 種測量方法測量關(guān)節(jié)間隙差異均無顯著性, 但是認為面積測量方法相對復雜,不便于臨床應用。Ikeda[12]和Leonardi[13]等在CBCT圖像上均采用Kamelchuk[5]測量方法來評價髁突的位置,所以本文也選用了Kamelchuk[5]線性測量方法來研究顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)間隙的改變情況。
目前,功能矯形治療前移下頜后是否會改變髁突在關(guān)節(jié)窩中的位置,國內(nèi)外學者研究結(jié)果不盡相同。Arat等[14]應用MRI研究Activator功能矯治器矯治安氏Ⅱ類1分類患者顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)髁突與關(guān)節(jié)窩的相對位置,發(fā)現(xiàn)矯治結(jié)束后關(guān)節(jié)前間隙明顯減小,關(guān)節(jié)后間隙增加,髁突位置偏前。同樣,Chintakanon等[15]在對Twin-block矯治器矯治患者的MRI研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),功能矯治器矯治后大多數(shù)下頜后縮患者髁突位置比未治療者更偏前位,且髁突相對關(guān)節(jié)窩有不同程度的前移,因此,認為髁突在矯治力的作用下,發(fā)生進行性軟骨增生的同時還伴隨位置的前移。然而,大多數(shù)的學者通過研究后,認為功能矯治器矯治安氏Ⅱ類下頜后縮患者,髁突在關(guān)節(jié)窩中的位置有回復至矯治前的位置的趨勢,功能矯治結(jié)束后并不會改變髁突在關(guān)節(jié)窩中的位置[4,16]。Ruf 等[4]采用MRI研究Herbst矯治器矯治安氏Ⅱ類患者,發(fā)現(xiàn)Herbst功能矯治器矯治結(jié)束時髁突向前移位,但是功能矯治結(jié)束1 年后,髁突位置與治療前無顯著差異。Croft等[16]采用Herbst矯治器矯治40 例處于混合牙列時期的安氏Ⅱ類下頜后縮患者,評估Herbst矯治前(T1期),Herbst矯治器拆除前(T2期)及保持后(T3期,在治療2.7 年后)顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)髁突的位置,發(fā)現(xiàn)治療階段(T1-T2)髁突位置處于前移位狀態(tài),但是保持階段(T2-T3)關(guān)節(jié)后間隙顯著減小了0.7 mm,總的階段(T1-T3)關(guān)節(jié)后間隙減小了0.4 mm,認為Herbst矯治器在治療階段雖使髁突前移,但治療2.7 年后髁突位置回復,甚至相對于治療前關(guān)節(jié)后間隙反而略有減小。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)下頜后縮患者在Herbst矯治器初戴時(T2期),髁突相對于關(guān)節(jié)窩的位置與Herbst矯治器治療前(T1期)明顯不同,其關(guān)節(jié)前間隙明顯減小,關(guān)節(jié)后、上間隙明顯增大,說明髁突向前下方移位。但是在Herbst矯治器拆除時(T3期)髁突位置幾乎回復至治療前的位置,與Herbst矯治器初戴時(T2期)比較,關(guān)節(jié)前間隙明顯增大,關(guān)節(jié)后、上間隙明顯減??;與Herbst矯治器矯治前(T1期)比較,雖然關(guān)節(jié)后間隙略有增加,但是關(guān)節(jié)前間隙、關(guān)節(jié)上間隙都沒有明顯變化。固定矯治器拆除時(T4期)髁突回復至初始位置,與Herbst矯治器治療前(T1期)比較沒有明顯的差異。
因此,本研究結(jié)果提示,對于安氏Ⅱ類下頜后縮患者采用Herbst雙期拔牙矯治后并不會改變顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)髁突位置,這與Ruf 等[4]和Croft等[16]的研究結(jié)論相似,即Herbst功能矯治過程中的髁突移位只是暫時性的,最終會回復至初始位置。但本研究僅觀察到固定矯治結(jié)束時,今后有望對患者進行進一步的回訪跟蹤研究,或?qū)⒏袑嶋H意義。
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TheeffectsofHerbsttwophasetreatmentontemporomandibularjointpositionanalyzedbyCBCT
CHENWeiwei1,WUJun2,SANGTing2,HUANGZhen2.
1. 330006,DepartmentofStomatology,ThetraditionalChineseMedicineandWesternMedicineCombinationHospitalofNanchangCity,China; 2.DepartmentofOrthodontics,TheaffiliatedStomatologicalHospitalofNanchangUniversity
Objective: To assess the effects of Herbst two phase treatment on temporomandibular joint(TMJ) position analyzed by CBCT.Methods15 patients of permanent dentition with classⅡ malocclusion combined with mandibular retrusion were treated by Herbst appliance as the 1st phase, then the 4 1st premolars of each patient were extracted, the fixed appliance of edgewise was applied as the 2nd phase of treatment. CBCT examination was carried out at the following stages: 2 weeks before Herbst treatment(T1), at the start of the treatment when Herbst appliance was placed(T2), immediately after Herbst appliance was removed(T3) and immediately after the edgewise appliance was removed(T4). The InvivoDental software was used to calculate the joint space of TMJ from the three-dimensional CBCT images. The acquired data were then statistically analyzed.ResultsDuring T1-T2-T3 stages, the anterior joint space was decreased and then increased, superior joint space and posterior joint space were increased and then decreased. During T3-T4 stages, the superior joint space and posterior joint space decreased further, but anterior joint space did not change. No significant difference was found in the anterior joint space, superior joint space and posterior joint space between T1 and T4 stage.ConclusionAt the start of treatment with Herbst appliance,the condyle is displaced in an anterior and inferior direction. At the end of functional treatment, especially the end of two phase treatment, the condyle is drawed back nearly to the original position.
Herbsttwophasetreatment;Temporomandibularjoint(TMJ);CBCT
江西省衛(wèi)生廳科技計劃(編號: 20133080)
330006, 南昌市中西醫(yī)結(jié)合醫(yī)院口腔科(陳維維); 南昌大學附屬口腔醫(yī)院正畸科(伍軍 桑婷 黃臻)
伍軍 0791-86236950 E-mail: wujundent@163.com
R783.5
A
10.3969/j.issn.1001-3733.2017.04.014
(收稿: 2016-11-25 修回: 2017-01-13)