黃拔威++許能鑾
DOI:10.16662/j.cnki.1674-0742.2017.25.038
[摘要] 目的 探究呼出氣一氧化氮(FeNO)檢測對支氣管哮喘患者的診斷及預(yù)后評估價(jià)值。方法 研究對象方便選取為2015年1月—2017年3月之間該院收治的104例支氣管哮喘患者,設(shè)為觀察組,選取同期的100名健康體檢者作為對照組,對比兩組受檢者的肺功能情況及FeNO水平,觀察組采用特布他林霧化吸入治療,連續(xù)治療2周,對比治療前后觀察組的肺功能及FeNO水平變化情況。 結(jié)果 觀察組的最大呼氣流量占比(PEF)、1 s用力呼氣末容積占比(FEV1)、用力肺活量占比(FVC)均顯著低于對照組,F(xiàn)eNO水平顯著高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組治療前PEF、FEV1、FVC、FeNO分別為(77.9±11.4)%、(83.7±9.2)%、(93.6±3.1)%、(74.9±13.6)μg/L,治療后分別為(80.4±9.6)%、(92.3±4.6)%、(95.0±3.7)%、(47.5±12.6)μg/L,治療后觀察組患者的PEF、FVC與治療前相比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),F(xiàn)EV1顯著高于治療前,F(xiàn)eNO顯著低于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);ROC曲線顯示FeNO診斷支氣管哮喘的最佳截點(diǎn)為45.9 μg/L,曲線下面積為0.853(95%CI為0.761~0.945),在此截點(diǎn)下診斷靈敏度為70.4%,特異度為93.5%。結(jié)論 呼出氣一氧化氮檢測在支氣管哮喘患者的診斷中有著較好的靈敏度和特異度,且能夠反映患者的預(yù)后情況,值得在臨床上推廣和應(yīng)用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 支氣管哮喘;呼出氣一氧化氮;診斷;預(yù)后
[中圖分類號] R443 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號] 1674-0742(2017)09(a)-0038-03
Analysis of Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Patients with Bronchial Asthma
HUANG Ba-wei1, XU Neng-luan2
1.Department of Internal Medicine, Fujian Provincial Jinshan Hospital, Clinical Medical Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001 China; 2.Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Jinshan Hospital, Clinical Medical Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001 China
[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to explore the diagnostic and prognostic value of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in patients with bronchial asthma. Methods A total of 104 patients with bronchial asthma enrolled in the hospital from January 2015 to March 2017 were selected as the observation group, and 100 healthy subjects were conveniently selected as the control group. The levels of pulmonary function and FeNO in the two groups were compared. The observation group adopted terbutaline nebulization treatment for two weeks and the pulmonary function and FeNO level after treatment were compared with those before treatment. Results The levels of PEF, FEV1, FVC in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, while the FeNO level was higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the levels of PEF, FEV1, FVC and FeNO in the observation group before treatment were (77.9±11.4)%, (83.7±9.2)%, (93.6±3.1)%, (74.9±13.6)μg/L, and those after treatment were (80.4±9.6)%, (92.3±4.6)%, (95.0±3.7)%,(47.5±12.6)μg/L, the PEF and FVC in the observation group after treatment were not significantly different from those before treatment(P>0.05); the FEV1 was significant higher than that before treatment, and FeNO was lower than that before treatment, and the difference was significant(P<0.05); The ROC curve showed that the optimal cutoff point for bronchial asthma was 45.9 ug/L and the area under the curve was 0.853(95% of CI was between 0.761 and 0.945). The diagnostic sensitivity was 70.4% and the specificity was 93.5%. Conclusion Exhaled nitric oxide(NOS) has good sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of bronchial asthma, and it can reflect the prognosis of patients. It is worthy to be popularized and applied in clinical practice.endprint
[Key words] Ronchial asthma; Exhaled air nitric oxide; Diagnosis; Prognosis
支氣管哮喘是呼吸內(nèi)科的常見病,主要是由于多種因素引起的氣道慢性炎癥,隨著近年來環(huán)境的改變,此類疾病的發(fā)生率逐漸上升。傳統(tǒng)支氣管哮喘的診斷主要根據(jù)臨床表現(xiàn)及支氣管激發(fā)試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行綜合診斷,但氣道反應(yīng)性的檢測缺乏足夠的特異性,易出現(xiàn)誤診的情況[1]。尋找一種有效、準(zhǔn)確的檢驗(yàn)指標(biāo)或檢驗(yàn)方案是當(dāng)前工作中的重點(diǎn)。呼出氣一氧化氮(FeNO)近年來被用于多種呼吸道疾病的診斷,有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在多種慢性呼吸道疾病患者中FeNO水平均有明顯增加的情況,且與氣道反應(yīng)性改變有關(guān)[2]。該文以2015年1月—2017年3月之間該院收治的104例支氣管哮喘患者為對象,就FeNO用于支氣管哮喘的診斷及對預(yù)后的評估價(jià)值進(jìn)行了研究分析,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
研究對象方便選取為該院收治的104例支氣管哮喘患者,設(shè)為觀察組,選取同期的100名健康體檢者作為對照組,觀察組包括男性58例,女性46名,年齡13~62歲,平均(35.4±9.6)歲;對照組包括男性59名,女性41名,年齡14~65歲,平均(36.1±10.1)歲。兩組患者基線資料對比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),均知情同意參與研究。
1.2 研究方法
觀察組治療前及對照組均采用肺功能儀進(jìn)行肺功能指標(biāo)檢測,包括最大呼氣流量占比(PEF)、1 s用力呼氣末容積占比(FEV1)、用力肺活量占比(FVC)。并采用FeNO分析儀(型號:SV-BSDE)進(jìn)行FeNO水平測定,按照歐洲呼吸學(xué)會(huì)推薦操作標(biāo)準(zhǔn),受檢者在檢測前1 h禁食水并保持靜息狀態(tài),檢測時(shí)患者取坐位,一手夾鼻,一手握住分析儀,用力呼氣排空肺內(nèi)氣體,然后用嘴含住過濾器,緩慢吸氣直至達(dá)到肺總量,通過電腦圖進(jìn)行觀察,在50 mL/s的勻速呼氣下記錄10 s的呼氣情況,之后讀取檢測數(shù)據(jù),連續(xù)測量3次,取均值作為最終結(jié)果。觀察組在進(jìn)行測量后給予特布他林(注冊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)JX20000273,商品名稱:博利康尼,產(chǎn)品規(guī)格:2 mL:5 mg)霧化吸入治療,5 mg/次,2次/d。連續(xù)治療2周,治療結(jié)束后第2天再次進(jìn)行肺功能和FeNO水平的測定。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
將數(shù)據(jù)錄入SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行處理,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,組間對比用t檢驗(yàn),繪制FeNO診斷支氣管哮喘的ROC曲線,計(jì)算最佳截點(diǎn),檢驗(yàn)水平α=0.05。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 觀察組與對照組肺功能、FeNO水平對比
觀察組的最大呼氣流量占比(PEF)、1 s用力呼氣末容積占比(FEV1)、用力肺活量占比(FVC)均顯著低于對照組,F(xiàn)eNO水平顯著高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2 治療前后觀察組肺功能、FeNO水平對比
治療后觀察組患者的PEF、FVC與治療前相比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),F(xiàn)EV1顯著高于治療前,F(xiàn)eNO顯著低于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.3 ROC曲線
ROC曲線顯示FeNO診斷支氣管哮喘的最佳截點(diǎn)為45.9 ug/L,曲線下面積為0.853(95%CI為0.761~0.945),在此截點(diǎn)下診斷靈敏度為70.4%,特異度為93.5%。
3 討論
支氣管哮喘的診斷一直是臨床的重點(diǎn)問題。FeNO是近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)與呼吸道慢性炎癥密切相關(guān)的一個(gè)因子,呼吸道上皮細(xì)胞在炎癥反應(yīng)下會(huì)連續(xù)產(chǎn)生NO,因此有學(xué)者指出FeNO的檢測能夠作為觀察起到炎癥反應(yīng)的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志物[3-4]。傳統(tǒng)的支氣管激發(fā)試驗(yàn)或支氣管舒張?jiān)囼?yàn)雖然是目前應(yīng)用最多的支氣管哮喘診斷方案,具有靈敏度高的特點(diǎn),但特異性較低,需要結(jié)合患者的癥狀及病史進(jìn)行綜合判斷,這主要是由于氣道反應(yīng)試驗(yàn)并非只針對氣道炎癥引起的氣道反應(yīng)性異常來進(jìn)行判斷,因此易出現(xiàn)假陽性的情況[5-6]。而FeNO水平的測定則能夠準(zhǔn)確的反映出氣道炎癥表現(xiàn),因此在支氣管哮喘的診斷上應(yīng)具有一定的研究價(jià)值。
從該次研究數(shù)據(jù)來看,與對照組相比,觀察組的PEF、FEV1、FVC均顯著低于對照組,F(xiàn)eNO水平顯著高于對照組,這說在支氣管哮喘患者的診斷上,肺功能及一氧化氮檢測均能起到一定的指導(dǎo)作用。Paiva等人[7]的研究顯示FeNO水平檢測用于慢性支氣管哮喘的靈敏度為83.4%,特異度為95.2%,在診斷價(jià)值上顯著高于肺功能檢測;也有學(xué)者研究認(rèn)為支氣管哮喘患者FeNO水平的檢測更加穩(wěn)定,而肺功能指標(biāo)存在無異常的情況[8],但這一點(diǎn)在該次研究中并未體現(xiàn),考慮原因可能是樣本量收錄差異所致。而從ROC曲線情況來看,曲線下面積為0.853(95%CI為0.761~0.945),這說明FeNO水平檢測能夠作為支氣管哮喘診斷的有效指標(biāo),且以45.9 μg/L為診斷截點(diǎn)時(shí)具有較好的靈敏度和特異度,尤其特異度達(dá)到93.5%,這說明FeNO水平檢測能夠很好的彌補(bǔ)氣道反應(yīng)性檢測試驗(yàn)存在的特異度不足的情況。而從預(yù)后評估來看,肺功能指標(biāo)顯示治療后觀察組患者的PEF、FVC與治療前相比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,僅FEV1顯著高于治療前,而FeNO水平出現(xiàn)明顯降低,顯著低于治療前,這說明FeNO水平的檢測能夠很好的反應(yīng)支氣管哮喘患者的預(yù)后情況。
綜上所述,呼出氣一氧化氮檢測在支氣管哮喘患者的診斷中有著較好的靈敏度和特異度,且能夠反映患者的預(yù)后情況,值得在臨床上推廣和應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期:2017-06-02)endprint