符靜+秦建新
摘 要 本文基于2001—2013年MODIS NDVI多時序遙感影像,利用像元二分模型估算植被覆蓋度,以湖南省14個地州市為對象進行統(tǒng)計,并探討植被覆蓋度變化產(chǎn)生的人為原因.結(jié)果表明:(1)整體上,近13年湖南省各市州植被覆蓋度水平均較高,波動幅度較??;(2)湖南省西部各市州植被覆蓋度水平略高于東部各市;(3)湖南省植被覆蓋度變化大致以112°E為界,以西呈增加趨勢,以東則表現(xiàn)為衰減趨勢;(4)湖南省植被覆蓋度變化顯著增加的面積明顯小于顯著減少的面積;(5)植被覆蓋度的短期變化受人類活動影響較大.
關(guān)鍵詞 湖南??;MODIS NDVI;植被覆蓋度;遙感;統(tǒng)計
中圖分類號 Q948 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1000-2537(2017)05-0001-07
Quantitative Statistics on Vegetation Coverage of Hunan Province Derived from Long-term Remote Sensing Image Series
FU Jing, QIN Jian-xin*
(College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China)
Abstract Based on the multi-temporal MODIS NDVI data for the period from 2001 to 2013, in this work, we estimated the vegetation coverage in Hunan province. Taking 14 administrative districts of the studied area as examples, we systematically conduct statistic studies on vegetation coverage. Our results show that: (1) overall, the vegetation coverage was relatively high when changes were not significant over the span of 13 years (2001—2013); (2) the vegetation coverage of western Prefecture-level cities and West Hunan Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture was slightly higher than that of eastern regions; (3) the change tendency of the vegetation coverage was approximately divided by 112° E , with regions located in the west of the line showed an increase whereas others demonstrated a reduction; (4) the area with significant increase of vegetation coverage was much smaller than that with significant reduction; and (5) it is noteworthy that human activities are the major driving force behind the spatial-temporal pattern variations for the vegetation coverage in the studied area during a relative short time period.
Key words Hunan province; MODIS NDVI; vegetation coverage; remote sensing; statistics
由于經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展、人口不斷增長和城鎮(zhèn)化進程加快等,人類活動對自然環(huán)境的負面影響有目共睹,導(dǎo)致人地矛盾激化,主要表現(xiàn)為環(huán)境污染與生態(tài)破壞.20世紀70年代以來,生態(tài)環(huán)境問題一直是國內(nèi)外關(guān)注的熱點.植被是陸地地表自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的核心組成要素,具有保持水土、涵養(yǎng)水源、調(diào)節(jié)氣候、美化環(huán)境等生態(tài)功能[1].區(qū)域地表植被狀況可用植被覆蓋度來衡量[2],其作為生態(tài)環(huán)境綜合指示器,是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量及其服務(wù)功能評估以及生態(tài)環(huán)境評價的重要指標[3].
Rouse等1973年提出歸一化植被指數(shù)[4] (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI),該指數(shù)與植被覆蓋度高度相關(guān)[5-7],廣泛應(yīng)用于遙感估算植被覆蓋度[3, 8-11].近年來,通過植被覆蓋狀況監(jiān)測生態(tài)環(huán)境變化的研究已成熱點.Wang等利用2000—2010年MODIS NDVI時序數(shù)據(jù),研究了中國南方丘陵山地帶植被覆蓋時空變化及其驅(qū)動因素[12].Zhang等基于MODIS數(shù)據(jù),以中亞溫帶沙漠區(qū)為研究對象,得出該區(qū)域植被覆蓋度與生物量的時空特征,并分析了二者與氣候要素的關(guān)系[13].Liu等以中國山西大型露天礦山為研究對象,利用1990—2015年Landsat遙感影像計算出植被覆蓋率,分析了礦山復(fù)墾后植被覆蓋變化及其穩(wěn)定性[14].為改善區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境,需了解地理環(huán)境的整體性,同時也要研究更小尺度環(huán)境變化狀況.
本文以湖南省為研究對象,首先獲取了近13年的MODIS NDVI數(shù)據(jù),利用最大值合成法得到月最大NDVI,基于像元二分法估算植被覆蓋度,然后對該區(qū)域14個行政區(qū)年最大植被覆蓋度均值進行統(tǒng)計分析,最后探討了植被覆蓋度變化的人為因素.以期長期監(jiān)測該區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境變化,為植被恢復(fù)及生態(tài)工程建設(shè)等決策提供參考.endprint