九離城

Jiuli Garden City

引子

現(xiàn)在是2016年7月,來自也門塞巴泰因沙漠上的希巴姆古城的難民為逃離戰(zhàn)亂,坐船沿著海上古絲綢之路向東方逃亡. 剛開始他們想逃亡到印度,但是由于導(dǎo)航(航行)的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,結(jié)果他們往更南方行駛,在經(jīng)過馬來西亞和印度尼西亞島嶼間的長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的顛沛流離之后,他們抵達(dá)了中國(guó)海,然后沿著中國(guó)海岸線往東北方向行駛,達(dá)到了寧波,過寧波接錢塘江抵達(dá)了杭州,他們最終選擇在錢塘江的左岸海寧的南部海星小鎮(zhèn)駐地居留.他們中的大部分人是手工匠、作家、醫(yī)生和被稱為“沙漠曼哈頓”的希巴姆之城的建造者的后代，希巴姆是一座用生土建造的城市。這些駐留在海星的希巴姆避難者既不懂中文又不了解當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂颉?/p>

幾乎與此同時(shí)，美國(guó)西部發(fā)生了核電站爆炸，使得加利福尼亞洲大部分地區(qū)無法再適宜居住。于是舊金山的一些精英知識(shí)分子、研究人員和前衛(wèi)的生態(tài)環(huán)保主義者要求來中國(guó)居住。中國(guó)政府把他們安置在杭州和上海之間的海星，這這里，他們將和附件的大學(xué)建立友誼，建立合作，同時(shí)，他們將和當(dāng)?shù)氐木用褚约皠倓偺油鰜淼囊查T難民共處一村。

中國(guó)美院建筑學(xué)院的一群研究生在他們導(dǎo)師的帶領(lǐng)下決定來海星“混合村”，將之作為畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的“試點(diǎn)”。

synopsis of the research topic

SCENARIO July 2016 by Olivier Greder

July 2016, refugees from Shibam town in Ramlat al-Sab'atayn desert in Yemen flee the war and navigate through Seas in the Oriental direction on the same martime silk road like in the past. They expected to reach India where they wanted to ask for asylium, but due to a navigating error that brough them more to the south, they finally get more and more enthousiastic for cruising.

After a long slalom through Malaysia and the Indonesias Islands they reached the South China Sea from where they get along the cost in the Nord-East direction. When reaching Ningbo they get back up the Qiantan river towards Hangzhou. On the left bank,on a par with Haixing to the south of Haining, they decided there to take up residence. Most of them are handicraftsmans, writers, doctors and from this famous raw-earth town builders descendent. Shibam town is also called Manhattan from the desert. One of them nows the chinese tongue but no one nows the local climatic conditions.

這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是在杭州的中國(guó)美術(shù)學(xué)院建筑藝術(shù)學(xué)院的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)理論框架下發(fā)展實(shí)施的。根據(jù)指導(dǎo)老師Olivier greder 所提出的場(chǎng)景切入：不同背景的人群聚集，居住在一個(gè)靠近海寧且臨近浙江省錢塘江邊的小鎮(zhèn)。

在這個(gè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)工作室中，學(xué)生要把他們自己作為當(dāng)?shù)氐慕ㄖ?，根?jù)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦囊筇峁┢湎胍纳瞽h(huán)境?，F(xiàn)在展示的項(xiàng)目是由九個(gè)自愿的極具雄心抱負(fù)的學(xué)生在一年時(shí)間中研究的成果。

Almost in the mean time, a nuclear powerplant accident on the United States west coast has made part of California uninhabitable. Intellectuals,researchers and members of the ecological avant garde from San Fransisco are asking China for asilium. They will be welcomed in the large interland of Shanghai and Hangzhou where they will make friend with their counterparts, with the chinese local government, their population and with the Yemenis refugies.

A group of students volunteers from CAA architecture department decide with their leading instructor to join this populations and dedicate their design graduation year to organize, co-conceive and build together with this community the living envirenmentit needs.Craftmans and farmer from Zhejiang province who still have this knoledge for building with natural materials will also join . The Chinise autorities have generously provide a 16km2 territory located between Haining and Qiantan River not far from the ancient town of Yanguan. The protagonist's adopted approach is similar with a vernacular process, wich offers here particular ways to co-conceive and co-produce their

他們將和居住在這里的所有的人共同觀察研究和共同設(shè)計(jì)建造“新村”，因地因需制宜。一些懂得用自然材料建筑的浙江手工匠也紛紛過來加入他們。當(dāng)?shù)卣犊亟o了他們一塊面積16平方公里的地，在海寧和錢塘江之間，靠近鹽官老城。立即，不同文化的各方人員在當(dāng)?shù)亻_始了共同“建設(shè)宜居家園”的步伐，以其驚人和特別的方式，以各自的智慧。他們不僅建設(shè)家，還要建設(shè)他們所需要的，比如禪修所， 辦公場(chǎng)所……

這一事件引起了杭州和上海一些居民的好奇，他們決定離開他們當(dāng)下的城市，來到海星和大家一起建設(shè)這個(gè)新的城市，最終，大家一起商議決定要建一個(gè)大約25000人口的城市，擬于2026年完成建設(shè)。

新城將建在所給領(lǐng)地的中心，領(lǐng)地里的運(yùn)河將承載起運(yùn)輸?shù)墓δ?。城市外圍是農(nóng)村，農(nóng)村包圍城市，農(nóng)村不僅將提供給城市質(zhì)量保障的新鮮食品而且也是生產(chǎn)能源之地。農(nóng)村和城市將“相依為命”，形成一個(gè)良性的有效經(jīng)濟(jì)生態(tài)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，輔以必要的外需輸入。這個(gè)新城的建設(shè)將提供一個(gè)供人參考的城市和農(nóng)村和諧并存和發(fā)展的范本，對(duì)近兩百年來世界上城市的無限擴(kuò)展的一種思考。城市應(yīng)該“有限”，而不應(yīng)“無限”。

這個(gè)新城將以什么樣的形式和什么樣的建筑出現(xiàn)？大家如何居住生活？當(dāng)下與將來的聯(lián)系？中國(guó)美院建筑學(xué)院的這些學(xué)生是否還要思考城市和建筑而生的其它問題？

inhabitations, working and social mediation places that corresponds to them.

This phenomenon awakes Shanghai and Hangzhou's inhabitants curiosity, some of them who already aspired to alternative ways of living, involved themself in the co-creation of this town. At list a human communuity of around 25,000 inhabitants will be founded in 2026.

The town is delimited by the existing canals wich are useful for its fulfilment. It has been founded neerly in the midle of the territory. The town is from its beginning not destined to expand itself on the fields because one of the adopted rule is about to maintain the equilibrium between the ground occupation and its impacts with preserving the land to support the living conditions and preserve resilient capacitys. This town and fields form a local scale ecosociosystem with tiny needed inputs. This from an other paradigm harmonious town and field relation, fortuitously reapper after more than two hundret years of unconitionnalty worldwide urban expansion.

The synopsis of research ended with followingquestions :

What form will have this town and its architecture ?

How will it be possible to live there ?

Which relations we can imagine with the territories in the future ?

This town and its architecture raise lots of other questions which the students of CAA will be confronted with.

The group of students involved in this project, will prepare and make prospective and projectual inquiry in order to present end of the year the results of this exploration. They will present their architectural interpretation project developed in this graduation design studio at CAA.

The description below is an answear to this main questions.

concepts and corresponding urban issues-DESCRIPTION August 2017

?Research method to generate jiuli town

Following a cross study between Baishizhou urban

參與建設(shè)的這群學(xué)生將會(huì)在一年后給大家呈現(xiàn)他們的觀察，思考與實(shí)踐，奉上他們的畢業(yè)之作。我們拭目以待。

研究的概要為以下問題

小鎮(zhèn)以什么樣的形式和什么樣的建筑出現(xiàn)？

village in Shenzhen and Shibam old town in Yemen,the architect's position of multicultural communities guidance has been experimented in the studio.

It has been the place to simulate a guided bottom-up growth process of a town through collaborative work, a holistic method focusing alternatively on management or spontaneity, taking action of one's other work, in common and individually and recreating scenarios of local communities lifestyle.

?Between undetermined spontaneous appropriation and determined framework

The graduation design studio students have been giving inclusive guidance to the emergency of

在其中的生活會(huì)是怎么樣的？

在未來，與地域會(huì)是怎樣的關(guān)系？

學(xué)生將會(huì)面對(duì)小鎮(zhèn)及其建筑帶來很多問題。

這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中的學(xué)生，將會(huì)在一學(xué)年后呈現(xiàn)他們的觀察和研究，思考與實(shí)踐，奉上他們的畢業(yè)之作。

接下來的內(nèi)容是對(duì)以上問題的回應(yīng)。

概念及相應(yīng)的城市問題說明（2017年8月）

?生成九離城的研究方法

在白石洲城中村和希巴姆古城的交叉學(xué)習(xí)中，建筑師對(duì)于多元文化社區(qū)的立場(chǎng)已經(jīng)在這個(gè)工作室中得到了體驗(yàn)。

在這里通過協(xié)同合作，模擬小鎮(zhèn)自下而上的生成方式，通過一種全面的研究方法，在總體控制下或自發(fā)創(chuàng)造中相互發(fā)展，同時(shí)關(guān)注考慮他人的工作，群體地和個(gè)體地再創(chuàng)造當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裆鐓^(qū)生活方式的場(chǎng)景。

?不確定的自發(fā)占用與確定的限制框架

畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)工作室的學(xué)生們一直被指導(dǎo)包括如何處理難民及當(dāng)?shù)厝说木o急情況，以及如何預(yù)測(cè)一個(gè)和諧的可持續(xù)發(fā)展小鎮(zhèn)的生長(zhǎng)過程。第一個(gè)目標(biāo)是制定生態(tài)系統(tǒng)聚集

situations with refugees and local people as well as how to anticipate the sustainable conditions for a harmonious small town's growing process. The first target was to formulate rules for an ecosociosy stemic agglomeration process and to guarantee the habitableness of dense and highly imbricated elements. It was also a research about how to welcome the undetermined spontaneous appropriation within a determined framework of diversity and inclusive potentials. It is the result of negotiation and contact through different fragments and elements in order to generate something larger in common. Each element is a micro-world which putted end to end are forming a world, away from to the mainstream one.

?Jiuli town has inherent characteristics of an old town or an urban village

The result has been generated through a tension between anticipation and unplaned process of growth, between infrastructural community scale decisions and bottom-up demands. It has the inherent characteristics of an old town and an urban village :integrative forces, ethnic and social diversity, cluster of multi-actors, built density (townFAR2) and 55% foot print, the requested congestion and density of inhabitan's (350/HA), the walkableness of the public space, the human scale (1KM2), the multifuntionnal services distributed everywhere on the ground floor,the diversity of the paths and passages, the high habitableness of the street. Maybe what is different here from an urban-village is the controlled conditions to guarantee microclimates and mediation space and to be a multicultural post-globalisation small town.

A context for new local architecture

It has also been a place to explore what could be considered as the emerging forms of local architecture in an era of globalization. The aspirant architects have tried to synthesize contemporary vernacular architecture in this framework and came up fi rst with its hypothetical characteristics and particularities in accordance with the identified local determinism such as available materials. They integrated the impact of the social and climatic determinisms on the synthesis of new vernacular architecture.

Jiuli town a garden city versus urban village

Considering the dynamics of growth and auto-過程的規(guī)則，并保證居住的密集和高度重疊元素。這也是關(guān)于如何多樣及包容的在一個(gè)確定的限制框架內(nèi)歡迎不確定的自發(fā)占用的研究。它是通過不同的片段和元素進(jìn)行協(xié)商和接觸的結(jié)果，來生成更大層面的共識(shí)。每個(gè)元素都是一個(gè)微型世界，逐漸地形成了一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)離主流的世界。

?九離城有舊城鎮(zhèn)或城中村的獨(dú)特性質(zhì)

九離城的結(jié)果是通過有預(yù)期與未規(guī)劃的相互生長(zhǎng)、大尺度社區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)與自下而上的需求而形成的。它擁有舊城鎮(zhèn)與城中村的獨(dú)特性質(zhì)：一體化，民族和社會(huì)多樣性，多參與者的聚集，建筑密度（小鎮(zhèn)容積率2）和55%建筑占地面積，要求居民居住密度（350人/公頃），公共空間步行化，人的尺度（面積1平方千米），多功能的服務(wù)設(shè)施分布在一層各處，道路的多樣性，街道高度宜居。也許這里與城中村的差別在于它保障了微氣候及可調(diào)控的空間，成為一個(gè)多元文化的后全球化小鎮(zhèn)。

本土新建筑的背景

在全球化的時(shí)代，這也是一個(gè)用來探索新興本土建筑形式的地方。志愿者建筑師嘗試將當(dāng)代本土建筑與全球化相融合，首先根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)靥厣?，如本地建筑材料等，明確當(dāng)?shù)氐奶厥庑?。他們還考察了社會(huì)和氣候因素對(duì)新本土建筑的影響。

九離城：城市花園還是城中村？

考慮到本項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展與自我管理，它可能以小鎮(zhèn)的型態(tài)在城市環(huán)境中出現(xiàn)，成為城市化的新方式。在我們的案例中，這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)就是被農(nóng)村所包圍。樂觀地估計(jì)，在未來，數(shù)字革命將來會(huì)推進(jìn)一個(gè)地域重組的過程，產(chǎn)生一些能源和糧食自給自足的小型多元文化城市花園。在我們看來，這些地方非常具有吸引力，有許多就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和新的生活方式，也可能比目前的城市更具彈性和可持續(xù)性。

替代性的城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村規(guī)劃策略

在數(shù)字革命時(shí)代，真正融入全球化的網(wǎng)絡(luò)之后，我們所處的地理位置變得不那么重要。這為我們思考新的生活方式與更宜居的生活環(huán)境提供了新思路。這樣一來，帶有部分鄉(xiāng)村保留地的小城鎮(zhèn)可以迎來帶有當(dāng)?shù)靥厣某擎?zhèn)化發(fā)展過程，產(chǎn)生多元文化的社區(qū)。

過去幾十年來，由于全球化和人口損失造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題，這些小城鎮(zhèn)的質(zhì)量逐漸下降，失去了吸引力。在如今，這些城市應(yīng)該重新煥發(fā)生機(jī)。在我們的案例中，擬定的規(guī)劃策略在于保持鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)平衡。例如，通過提高建筑密度來解決鄉(xiāng)村里建筑過于分散的問題。

organisation of this project, it could emerge in an urban context and become an alternative way to generate town form in urbanized condition. In our case, the town is in the middle of the countryside. It has been optimistically hypothesized that the digital revolution would in the future lead to a reterritorialization process in favor of small multicultural garden-towns that are self-sufficient in energy and food. In our mind these places could be attractive with economic opportunities and new lifestyles, and they could also be more resilient and sustainable than the current urban areas.An alternative town and countryside planning strategy Under digital revolution epoch, the place where you are has become less determining than your competence or your level of integration in the global-network.

It o ff ers an opportunity to accomplish new live styles and to think about more livable places to be.

Small towns with preserved countryside could welcome spontaneous reterritorialisation process of metropolitan and multicultural community with local actors.

The small towns has been disquali fi ed in the last規(guī)劃戰(zhàn)略還包括保護(hù)小鎮(zhèn)不受汽車業(yè)的過度使用及因之而生的非理性的侵略性的附屬基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施而帶來的影響。正因此，這里與主干道不相連。為了解決上述的問題，低碳足跡運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)如郊區(qū)火車、河航運(yùn)、馬或人力推進(jìn)應(yīng)受到青睞。

研究過程繼續(xù)進(jìn)行

現(xiàn)提出的結(jié)果是一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)生成的”工具”可用于其它的語境和情況。主流大城市結(jié)構(gòu)的回收再使用可能是下一步的研究。

decades.The small towns have lost attractivity due to economic problems under globalisation and demographic losses.

The attractivity of such towns should be redefined, in our times.

In our case, the proposed planning strategy consists in preserving the town and countryside balance. For instance, in preserving and repair the countryside from holes being made in by dispersed constructions and in contrast by building dense and compact urban matrix.The planning strategy consists also in preserving from cars deterritorialisation effects and from their unreasoned intrusive and invasive uses and dedicated infrastructures. That's why here the chosen location is disconnected from main-roads.

In response, low carbon footprint transportation systems like suburban train, canal shipping, horse or human force propulsion should be favoured.

A process of research to be continued

The presented result is a kind of empirically generated prototype of tool to use in other contexts and situation.The recycling of mainstream large urban structure is probably the next step of the research.