戴鳴輝
(長春工業(yè)大學 人文信息學院,長春130122)
金龍膽草是菊科白酒草屬植物苦蒿的干燥地上部分,具有清熱解毒、鎮(zhèn)咳祛痰等作用。本論文對金龍膽草藥材的乙醇提取物進行了分離純化,提取物經(jīng)乙酸乙酯萃取后得到2種化合物,經(jīng)氯仿萃取后得到3種化合物,其中19-羥基-苦蒿素為首次從該植物中發(fā)現(xiàn)。
本實驗所用核磁共振波譜儀為BRUKER AV-600,TMS內(nèi)標,所用石油醚、丙酮、乙酸乙酯等常規(guī)試劑為天津天泰精細化學品有限公司生產(chǎn),高效薄層層析板為Merck Japan Limited生產(chǎn)。
將20 kg金龍膽草粉碎后,以90%和70%乙醇分別回流提取,經(jīng)濃縮并以蒸餾水稀釋的水懸液經(jīng)石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取后,得到4部分提取物。氯仿萃取部分采用硅膠柱層析,以不同配比的石油醚-丙酮、氯仿-丙酮及氯仿-甲醇溶液為流動相進行梯度洗脫,回收溶劑后經(jīng)重結(jié)晶處理,得到化合物Ⅰ-Ⅲ。乙酸乙酯萃取部分采用硅膠柱層析,以不同配比的石油醚-乙酸乙酯及氯仿-甲醇為流動相進行梯度洗脫,再經(jīng)ODS柱層析并回收溶劑后,得到化合物Ⅳ、Ⅴ。
化合物Ⅰ:白色針狀晶體(丙酮),分子式C22H32O6。1HNMR(CDCl3)δppm:1.34(1H,m,1-H),2.01(2H,m,1,6-H),4.34(1H,brs,2-H),5.88(1H,d,J=3.6Hz,3-H),1.65(1H,m,6-H),1.45(2H,m,7-H),1.52(1H,m,8-H),1.76(1H,m,10-H),2.26,2.49(each 1H,m,12-H),5.83(1H,s,14-H),4.73(2H,s,16-H),0.85(3H,d,J=6.6Hz,17-CH3),4.13,4.25(each 1H,d,J=13.8Hz,18-H),4.10,4.59(each 1H,d,J=11.4Hz,19-H),0.87(3H,s,20-CH3),2.04(3H,s,CH3CO)。13CNMR(CDCl3)δppm:31.59(C-1),64.23(C-2),125.24(C-3),147.95(C-4),41.21(C-5),27.69(C-6),26.95(C-7),36.25(C-8),38.32(C-9),41.34(C-10),35.06(C-11),21.07(C-12),170.96(C-13),114.82(C-14),174.32(C-15),73.23(C-16),15.73(C-17),63.09(C-18),67.14(C-19),18.35(C-20),21.12(CH3CO),171.43(CH3CO)。數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)與文獻[1]對照,確認該化合物為苦蒿素(Blinii)。
化合物Ⅱ:無色針狀晶體(丙酮),分子式C20H30O5。1HNMR(CDCl3)δppm:1.38(1H,m,1-H),2.16(2H,m,1,12-H),4.48(1H,brs,2-H),6.29(1H,d,J=4.8Hz,3-H),1.66(2H,m,6-H),1.46(2H,m,7-H),1.52(1H,m,8-H),1.85(1H,m,10-H),2.30,2.16(each 1H,m,12-H),5.81(1H,s,14-H),0.85(3H,d,J=6.0Hz,17-CH3),4.12,2.84(each 1H,d,J=7.8Hz,18-H),4.27(2H,q,J=7.2Hz,19-H),1.02(3H,s,20-CH3)。13CNMR(CDCl3)δppm:27.14(C-1),66.66(C-2),125.11(C-3),151.50(C-4),39.09(C-5),26.69(C-6),29.10(C-7),36.65(C-8),38.98(C-9),38.53(C-10),36.36(C-11),22.34(C-12),170.63(C-13),115.11(C-14),173.91(C-15),72.96(C-16),15.60(C-17),60.68(C-18),67.62(C-19),16.29(C-20)。將該化合物波譜數(shù)據(jù)與苦蒿素對照發(fā)現(xiàn),兩者主要區(qū)別在于苦蒿素19-C連接的乙?;盘栂?,再經(jīng)與文獻[2]對照,確認為19-羥基-苦蒿素(19-hydroxy-Blinii),是該化合物首次從金龍膽草中分離提取得到。
化合物Ⅲ:橙黃色粉末,分子式C15H10O5。1HNMR(DMSO)δppm:6.51(1H,d,J=2.4Hz,2-H),7.01(1H,d,J=2.4Hz,4-H),7.35(1H,s,5-H),7.05(1H,s,7-H),2.35(3H,3,6-CH3),11.98(1H,s,1-OH),11.31(1H,s,3-OH),11.90(1H,s,8-OH)。13CNMR(DMSO)δppm:164.38(C-1),107.80(C-2),165.50(C-3),108.70(C-4),120.34(C-5),148.11(C-6),123.97(C-7),161.34(C-8),189.51(C-9),181.05(C-10),134.88(C-11),108.76(C-12),113.14(C-13),132.58(C-14),21.46(6-CH3)。數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)與文獻[3]對照,確認該化合物為大黃素(Emodin)。
化合物Ⅳ:淺黃色粉末(丙酮-水),分子式C9H8O4。1HNMR(CD3OD)δppm:7.13(1H,d,J=1.8Hz,2-H),6.87(1H,d,J=8.4Hz,5-H),7.02(1H,dd,J=1.8,8.4Hz ,6-H),7.62(1H,d,J=15.6Hz,7-H),6.30(1H,d,J=15.6Hz,8-H)。13CNMR(CD3OD)δppm:128.09(C-1),115.38(C-2),147.34(C-3),149.73(C-4),116.78(C-5),123.15(C-6),147.07(C-7),115.80(C-8),171.32(C-9)。數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)與文獻[4]對照,確認該化合物為咖啡酸(Caffeic acid)。
化合物Ⅴ:黃色粉末(石油醚-乙酸乙酯),分子式C15H10O7。1HNMR(DMSO)δppm:6.19(1H,d,J=1.8Hz,6-H),6.40(1H,d,J=1.8Hz,8-H),7.67(1H,d,J=2.4Hz,2’-H),6.88(1H,d,J=8.4Hz,5’-H),7.53(1H,dd,J=2.4,8.4Hz,6’-H),9.29(1H,s,3-OH),12.49(1H,s,5-OH),10.76(1H,s,7-OH),9.39(1H,s,3’-OH),9.57(1H,s,4’-OH)。13CNMR(DMSO)δppm:146.78(C-2),135.71(C-3),175.82(C-4),160.70(C-5),98.15(C-6),163.86(C-7),93.32(C-8),156.11(C-9),102.99(C-10),121.94(C-1’),115.05(C-2’),145.03(C-3’),147.68(C-4’),115.58(C-5’),119.95(C-6’)。數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)與文獻[5]對照,確認該化合物為槲皮素(Quercetin)。