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單元點撥與高考鏈接

2018-01-06 05:04:24吳濤
關(guān)鍵詞:句首真題連詞

吳濤

Module 9 Unit 1

一、詞匯

1. ambiguous adj.(L.1, P.14)“模糊不清的,引起歧義的”,如:

His answer was ambiguous. 他的答復(fù)是含糊的。

ambiguous requirement definitions模糊的需求定義

【拓展】 ambiguously adv. ambiguousness n. 含混;歧義性

【高考真題回放】 The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But???? ? ? ???? explanations are hard to find. (2017江蘇卷34)

A. alternative B. aggressive

C. ambiguous D. apparent

【解析】 A。本題考查形容詞。alternative可供替代的;aggressive好斗的,有進取心的;ambiguous 模糊不清的,模棱兩可的,不明確的;apparent顯而易見的。句意:恐龍的消失未必是由天文事件引起的,但是難以找到其他解釋。故選A。

2. occasion n. (P.9) ① [C]時刻,時節(jié);② [C]重要的慶?;顒?③ [U]場合,時機。如:

Ive met with him on several occasions. 我已見過他好幾次。

I bought a new dress just for the occasion. 就為這次活動,我買了一身新衣服。

The conference is an occasion for different countries to exchange views. 這次大會是不同國家交流看法的一個好時機。

【拓展】 on occasion有時,間或;occasional adj.偶爾的;occasionally adv. 偶爾地

【高考真題回放】 An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered???? ? ? ???? a long lost antique Greek vase. (2013湖北卷30)

A. at random B. by chance

C. in turn D. on occasion

【解析】 B。at random任意地,隨便地;by chance偶然地,意外地;in turn轉(zhuǎn)而,反過來,依次;on occasion有時,間或;此處是指一個藝術(shù)家偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個古希臘花瓶,所以選B。解題的關(guān)鍵在于正確理解和把握固定詞組的多個含義。

3. owe vt. (L.18, P.14)“欠某人錢;歸功于;歸因于”,常見的用法有:

owe sb. money欠某人錢;owe sb. for sth.因為某事虧欠某人;owe it to sb. to do sth. 做某事歸功于某人;owe sb. an apology / explanation欠某人一個解釋或道歉

【拓展】 owing to因為,表示原因的同義詞組有:due to; as a result of; on account of; because of thanks to等。

【真題回放】??? ? ? ???? his broken legs, Tom was forced to abandon the coming provincial sports meeting, which made him very depressed. (2015揚州期末)

A. In case of B. In terms of

C. On top of D. On account of

【解析】 D。本題考查介詞短語。句意:因為腿斷了,湯姆不得不放棄即將到來的省運會,這讓他非常沮喪。in case of萬一;in terms of就……而言;on top of除……之外;on account of因為,由于。根據(jù)句意選D正確。

4. equip vt. (L.25, P.14) “裝配,配備” 常見用法:be equipped to do裝備來做某事;equip sth. / sb. with sth. 用……對某事/某人進行裝備;equip sb. with sth. 使某人具備某種知識、技能等;equip sb. to do sth. 使某人具備某種知識、技能來做某事。如:

The soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons. 士兵們配備著最新式的武器。

So he gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in medicine. 于是他拿出好幾百萬元幫助其他人進行醫(yī)學(xué)研究。

【拓展】 be equipped with裝配,安裝;be equipped for準(zhǔn)備好,對……有準(zhǔn)備;equipment n.設(shè)備,裝備(不可數(shù)名詞)

【高考真題回放】 She????? ? ? ??? the carpet with some very nice curtains in color. (2013江西卷31)

A. connected B. fitted

C. equipped D. matched

【解析】 D。句意:她把彩色的漂亮窗簾與地毯搭配起來。A connect... with“用……把……連接起來”;B 與fit經(jīng)常搭配的介詞是to,“使……適合……,適應(yīng)”;C equip... with... “用……裝備、使具備”;D match... with “使……相配”。

二、短語、句型或語法

5. For those who love natural recreation, it is possible to walk, sail, cross-country ski for hours—or even days—without meeting another person. (L.11, P.2) 對于熱愛戶外娛樂活動的人來說,參加遠足、帆船運動, 越野滑雪時, 他們可能好幾個小時甚至好幾天都碰不到一個人。

【點撥】 who引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中擔(dān)任主語,不能省略。由于先行詞是those,不用that引導(dǎo)。

【高考真題回放】 Self-driving is an area???? ? ? ???? China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. (2018江蘇卷23)

A. that B. where

C. which D. when

【答案】 B。

【點撥】 possible 表示 (做某件事是) 可能的,不能用某人或某物做主語。掌握這樣兩個句型:It is possible / probable / likely (for sb.) to do sth.;sb. / sth. is likely to do sth. 如:

她可能解決那個問題。

[×] She is possible to solve the problem.

[√] It is possible for her to solve the problem. = She is likely to solve the problem.

6. Canada is one of the largest countries in the world, second only to Russia... (L.1, P.2) 加拿大是世界上最大的國家之一,僅次于俄國……。

【點撥】 second only to 僅次于……;second to none 最好的;首屈一指的。如:

In terms of scoring goals, he was second only to Liu Xiang during the match. 這場比賽中,他得分僅次于劉翔。

We will provide a service second to none. 我們將提供最為優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)。

【拓展】 短語中介詞to有“比較”的意思。類似的短語有:be junior to比……年輕,比……資格淺;be senior to 比……年長,比……資格老; be superior to比……優(yōu)越, 勝過……;be inferior to比……差,不如……。

【高考真題回放】 Im so???? ? ? ???? to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily. (2015安徽卷26)

A. special B. superior

C. grateful D. attractive

【解析】 C。句意:我非常感激所有的志愿者,因為他們幫我把糟糕的一天變成了愉快的一天。A特殊的;B優(yōu)秀的,比……好的;C感激的;D有吸引力的。根據(jù)句意可知,這里是在向志愿者表達感激之情,故選C。

7. In the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower, which is often called the CN Tower for short. (L.22, P.2) 加拿大國家電視塔坐落于多倫多市中心,通常簡稱CN塔。

Adding to the extraordinary beauty of Changling is the Lingen Palace, ... (L.18, P.30)陵恩殿以其簡單設(shè)計和彩繪內(nèi)頂而聞名,為長陵增添了宏偉與壯麗。

【點撥】 這兩句為倒裝句。句首狀語是表示地點的介詞短語或某些表示方向的副詞 (here, there, up, down, now, then, in, out, away, off) 時,完全倒裝。但主語如為人稱代詞時,則不能倒裝。為了句子平衡,我們經(jīng)常把-ed形式,-ing形式,形容詞等放置在句首,并且將謂語動詞提到主語前面。如:

On the hill in front of them stood a great castle. 在他們面前的山上有一座大的城堡。

Present at the meeting are teachers teaching 30 years. 出席會議的是任教30年的教師。

【拓展】 部分倒裝是指(1) so, nor, neither; (2) 虛擬語氣中if省略; (3) 否定詞作狀語位于句首;(4) “only + 狀語”位于句首;(5) 在so... that, such... that等結(jié)構(gòu)中,so,such位于句首;(6)在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。

【高考真題回放】 Not until recently?????? ? ? ?? the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. (2016江蘇卷34)

A.they had encouraged B. had they encouraged

C. did they encourage D. they encouraged

【答案】 C。

8. Montreal, a port in the province of Quebec, ..., Paris being the largest. (L.24, P.2) 魁北克省內(nèi)的港口城市蒙特利爾是加拿大第二大城市,也是世界上僅次于巴黎的第二大法語城市。

With most of its population living near the coast, swimming and surfing are popular activities... (L.21, P.14) 由于大部分人口都住在沿海地區(qū),游泳和沖浪是最受喜歡的運動。

【點撥】 Paris being the largest是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在句中做狀語,補充說明。相當(dāng)于and Paris is the largest. With most of its population living near the coast 是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中做原因狀語。相當(dāng)于Because most of its population live near the coast, ... 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成:(with) + 名詞/代詞 + 形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/分詞或不定式。 如:

Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. 明天如果天氣好,我們就進行比賽。

With so much homework to do, he hurried home. 有那么多作業(yè)要做,他很快回去了。

【高考真題回放】 Much time????? ? ? ??? sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. (2015江蘇卷24)

A. being spent B. having spent

C. spent D. spending

【答案】 C

9. For fans of this sport, though, it is an art form. (L.38, P.15) 但對于熱愛這項運動的人而言,它是一種藝術(shù)。

【點撥】 though此處用作副詞,前后都用逗號與主句隔開,意為“然而、但是”。如:

He said he would come to the party; he didnt, though. 他說他會來參加晚會的,然而沒來。

【拓展】 though還可以用作連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表示“盡管”。如:

Although / Though he is young, (yet) he knows a lot. 盡管他年輕,然而他懂得很多東西。

【高考真題回放】???? ? ? ???? scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still dont know. (2015安徽卷23)

A. Once B. Since

C. Though D. Unless

【答案】 C。

10. So, while a high percentage of Australians may be people who watch sports rather than do them, Australia is indeed a great sporting nation. (L.51, P.15) 因此,雖然相當(dāng)比例的澳大利亞人只觀看體育比賽,而不參與運動,但澳大利亞仍不愧是體育大國。(L.51, P.15)

【點撥】 在這個句子當(dāng)中,while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表示“盡管,雖然”,相當(dāng)于though。如:While I understand your viewpoint, I dont agree with you. 雖然我了解你的觀點,我還是不能同意你的觀點。

【拓展】 除此之外,while還有名詞、并列連詞和從屬連詞(引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,表示“當(dāng)……的時候”,“在……期間”。如:He was taking a bath while I was preparing dinner. 我準(zhǔn)備晚餐的時候他在洗澡。)的用法。

【高考真題回放】???? ? ? ???? the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp. (2015福建卷31)

A. While B. Unless

C. Since D. Until

【答案】 A。

Module 9 Unit 2

一、詞匯

1. decoration n. (L.19, P.30) 裝飾,裝修,裝潢

The house is wonderful. But I dont like the decorations.房子不錯,不過我不喜歡里面的裝潢。

【拓展】 decorate vt. 裝飾,裝潢;decorative adj. 裝飾的,裝潢的;decorator n.裝飾家

【高考真題回放】 —The town is so beautiful! I just love it. (2013江蘇卷23)

—Me too. The character of the town is well????? ? ? ?? .

A. qualified B. preserved

C. decorated D. simplified

【解析】 B。動詞的過去分詞已具備形容詞的性質(zhì)。be qualified合格的;有資格的;be well preserved保存完好的;be well decorated裝飾得很漂亮的;be simplified被簡化的。根據(jù)句意,選B。句意:——這座小鎮(zhèn)是如此美麗!我真是喜歡它?!乙彩恰P℃?zhèn)的特色保存得很完好。

2. (1) associate vt.(L.16, P.18)使……發(fā)生聯(lián)系,使聯(lián)合;association n. 如:

We associate China with the Great Wall.我們說起中國,就會想到長城。

(2) register vt. 登記,注冊;n. 花名冊,登記簿 (L.47, P.31) 如:

He registered the birth of his child.他登記了孩子的出生日期。

【拓展】 register for為……而報名登記;register with到某人處登記;be registered as登記注冊為……。

【高考真題回放】 According to the law, all foreigners have to??? ? ? ????? with the local police within two weeks of arrival. (2013湖北卷24)

A. associate B. dispute

C. negotiate D. register

【解析】 D。register登記,注冊;associate(使)發(fā)生聯(lián)系;(使)聯(lián)合;結(jié)交;聯(lián)想;dispute辯論,爭論;negotiate談判,協(xié)商;此處是指所有的外國人都必須在抵達兩周內(nèi)到當(dāng)?shù)鼐炀值怯洝?/p>

3. appoint vt. (L.89, P.19) 任命,委任;指定 (時間、地點),如:

Who shall we appoint as chairperson? 我們委派誰擔(dān)任主席呢?

【拓展】 appointment n. 委任,約會;make an appointment with sb.和某人約會;at the appointed time在約定的時間

【真題回放】???? ? ? ???? to work in an international company, he felt it both stressful and challenging. (2014南通一模)

A. Being appointed B. To be appointed

C. Having appointed D. Appointed

【解析】 D。本題考查非謂語動詞。句意:被任命到一家跨國公司工作,他感到既有壓力又有挑戰(zhàn)。He和appoint之間是被動關(guān)系(be appointed to do sth.),被任命,故選D。

4. inspiration n. (L.9, P.25) 靈感,啟發(fā)靈感的人 (或事物)。如:

Many poets have drawn their inspiration from nature.許多詩人從大自然中獲得靈感。

【真題回放】 The Chinese womens volleyball team won the World Cup victory, which was beyond our wildest???? ? ? ??? . (2015鎮(zhèn)江期中)

A.inspirations B.expectations

C.invitations D.cooperations

【解析】 B。本題考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:中國女排贏得了世界杯,這大大超出我們的預(yù)料。inspiration靈感;expectation期待,預(yù)料;invitation邀請;cooperation合作。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選B。

二、短語、句型或語法

5. It is apparent that the Qing Tombs are influenced by the Ming Tombs, ... (L.28, P.30) 清陵明顯受到明陵的影響,……。

【點撥】 主語從句可以放在復(fù)合句的句首,但通常是用it作形式主語,而將主語從句放在句尾。如果主語從句用于疑問句中,則必須用it作形式主語而把主語從句后置。

【拓展】 名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句??键c一:從句的語序必須用陳述句語序;考點二:連詞的使用。1.引導(dǎo)主語從句的連詞:從屬連詞:that, whether;連接代詞:who, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever;連接副詞:when, where, why, how。 2.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞:從屬連詞:that, whether, if;連接代詞:who, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever;連接副詞:when, where, why, how。 3.引導(dǎo)表語從句的連詞:從屬連詞:that, whether, as if, because(當(dāng)主語為it, this, that);連接代詞:who, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever;連接副詞:when, where, why, how。 4.引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞:從屬連詞:that, whether;連接代詞:who, whom, which, what;連接副詞:when, where, why, how。

【高考真題回放】 By boat is the only way to get here, which is???? we arrived. (2018江蘇卷21)

A. where B. when

C. why D. how

【答案】 D。

6. No one has had a greater influence on Western civilization than the ancient Greeks. (L.1, P.18)沒有任何人對西方文明的影響比希臘人更大。

【點撥】 形容詞、副詞的比較級與否定式連用表示最高級的意思。如:

—What do you think of the plan? —I cant agree more. Its perfect.

——你覺得這個計劃怎么樣? ——我非常同意。這個計劃很完美。

【高考真題回放】 —You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you dont.

—???? ? ? ?? . Confidence is really important. (2012天津卷5)

A. Its not my cup of tea

B. Thats not the point

C. I dont think so

D. I couldnt agree more

【答案】 D。

7. The Roman alphabet is a Greek invention, as is the marathon, a long distance race created in honour of a Greek soldier to report the victory... (L.6, P.18)羅馬字母是希臘發(fā)明,馬拉松比賽也是希臘發(fā)明,一項長距離比賽來紀(jì)念一個希臘士兵來報告勝利……

【點撥】 as conj. 表示“對……情況也是一樣”之意,引導(dǎo)從句,且采用不完全倒裝。如:

Tom is very clever, as is his son. 湯姆很聰明,他兒子也是的。

【拓展】 除此之外,as還可以用作連詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,狀語從句(比較、時間、原因、讓步),表示“盡管、正如、隨著、原因”。

【高考真題回放】 The number of smokers, ???? ? ? ????is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. (2015江蘇卷21)

A. it B. which

C. what D. as

【解析】 D。本題考查定語從句。句意:據(jù)報道,這一年抽煙的人數(shù)就下降了17%。as is reported正如所報道的,as is well-known眾所周知,as is shown正如所表明的,as is pointed out正如所指出的,as is often the case正如通常的情況。

8. Later, they used the Parthenon as a warehouse and packed it with gunpowder. 后來,他們將帕臺農(nóng)神廟作為儲存軍火的倉庫。(L.47, P.18)

【點撥】 短語use... as...“把……用作……”。as在這里表示“作為”的意思。如:

He has worked as a pilot of the president.他曾任總統(tǒng)的飛行員。

【拓展】 常見含as(意為“作為”)的短語有:work as以……身份工作;serve as用作……;act as作為……用;look up to... as把……尊為……;regard...as / consider...as / think of...as認(rèn)為……是……;treat sb. as把某人當(dāng)成……

【高考真題回放】 Lets learn to use the problem we are facing????? ? ? ??? a stepping-stone to future success. (2008全國卷I)

A. to B. for

C. as D. by

【答案】 C。

9. In 1816, these sculptures were turned over to the British Museum. (L.60, P.18) 1816年,這些雕塑被移交給大英博物館。

【點撥】 turn sth. over to sb. “把……移交給(他人管理)”

【拓展】 turn to somebody for help向某人求助; turn up 出現(xiàn),到來;調(diào)高(音量等);turn away打發(fā)走; turn down調(diào)低;拒絕; turn in上交; turn into變成; turn off關(guān)掉; turn on打開; turn out生產(chǎn);結(jié)果是

【高考真題回放】 Tom had to???? the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. (2015天津卷10)

A. turn in B. turn down

C. turn over D. turn to

【解析】 B。本題考查動詞詞組辨析。句意:因為太忙,湯姆不得不拒絕上周末的晚會的邀請。Turn in 上交;turn down拒絕;turn over翻過去;turn to向某人求助。根據(jù)句意選B。

10. ... in 1801, when an Englishman, Lord Elgin, cut them off the face of the Parthenon, and took them to London.(L.54-59, P.18)當(dāng)時英國人埃爾金勛爵把這些雕塑從帕臺農(nóng)神廟的建筑表層切割下來,運往倫敦。

【點撥】 非限制性定語從句起補充作用,如果省略,不影響主句意義的完整;一般要用逗號與主句隔開;修飾先行詞,也可以修飾部分或整個主句;不用that以及why引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系詞不能省略。

【高考真題回放】 Opposite is St. Pauls Church, ????? ? ? ???you can hear some lovely music. (2015北京卷24)

A. which B. that

C. when D. where

【答案】 D。

11. In 1616, he was given permission to make a trip to South America to look for gold on behalf of King James. (P.27) 他被允許代表詹姆斯國王去南美洲尋找黃金。

【點撥】 on behalf of “代表某人”如:Dont trouble to do it on my behalf. 不要為了我去麻煩了。

由“介詞 + 名詞 + 介詞”構(gòu)成的短語還有:in charge of掌管,負責(zé);in control of控制;in memory of紀(jì)念;in honor of紀(jì)念;向……表示敬意;in / with regard to關(guān)于;in favor of贊同,支持; in addition to除……以外;on top of在……上方;除……之外;in response to作為對……的回應(yīng)、答復(fù)。

【高考真題回放】 These comments came???? ? ? ??? specific questions often asked by local newsmen. (2015浙江卷17)

A. in memory of B. in response to

C. in touch with D. in possession of

【解析】 B。句意:這些評論是對某些經(jīng)常被當(dāng)?shù)匦侣勅藛柕降膯栴}的回應(yīng)。A. in memory of意為紀(jì)念, B. in response to意為回應(yīng),C. in touch with意為聯(lián)系,D. in possession of意為“擁有”。分析句子成分知道空格處充當(dāng)介詞短語作狀語的作用,根據(jù)常識和句意,評論應(yīng)該是對問題的回應(yīng)。

12. Along the Scared Way, which leads to the tombs, you can... (L.11, P.30) 通向陵寢的神道有時被稱為石像神道,保存良好。

【點撥】 lead to 課文中意為“通向”;(結(jié)果) 導(dǎo)致……,如:

All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。

Hiding your anger can only lead to unhappiness. 把氣憋在肚子里只能導(dǎo)致不幸。

【拓展】 ① 導(dǎo)致某人做某事,用lead to sb. / ones doing sth. 或者lead sb. to do sth. 如:

His anger with the teacher led to his shouting loudly in class. 他對老師的怨氣導(dǎo)致他在教室里大叫大嚷。

② n. “引導(dǎo),帶頭,領(lǐng)先”如:gain / have / take the lead in the race在賽跑中領(lǐng)先

【高考真題回放】 With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a???? ? ? ??? for the better. (2013江蘇卷33)

A. share B. chance

C. turn D. lead

【解析】 C。本題考查固定短語在語境中的應(yīng)用。A. take a share分擔(dān)……;為……出力;B. take a chance冒險;C. take a turn轉(zhuǎn)彎,轉(zhuǎn); (情況、形勢等) 轉(zhuǎn)變;D. take a lead領(lǐng)先,帶頭。根據(jù)本句for the better的提示,可見是講轉(zhuǎn)變,變得更好。句意:有了源于其他食品文化的靈感,美國飲食文化可以變得更好。

13. ... as it stresses to everyone their extreme importance and value.(L.43, P.31)……因為這向世人強調(diào)了它們極大的重要性和寶貴價值。

【點撥】 stress vt. 著重,強調(diào)。如:

He stressed the point that we should be on time.他強調(diào)的一點是我們必須準(zhǔn)時。

【拓展】 n. 壓力,重壓;緊迫,緊張。如:

in times of stress在艱難困苦之時;under stress of weather迫于惡劣的天氣; 常用短語:lay(或place, put) stress on (或upon) 把重點放在……上

【高考真題回放】 One of the most effective ways to reduce??? ? ? ? ? ? ???? is to talk about feeling with someone you trust. (2015浙江卷15)

A. production B. stress

C. energy D. passive

【答案】 B。

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