劉華

時間、原因等狀語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞作狀語，但這種轉(zhuǎn)換是有條件的，也可以總結(jié)出一些規(guī)律。

一、基本規(guī)則，也是最重要的規(guī)則：從句的主語與主句的主語必須一致，從句變成分詞作狀語，而主句不變。如：

1. They did not go to the party because they had a lot of work to do.

此句because 引導原因狀語從句，由于從句的主語與主句的主語都是they，可以把從句中的because和they去掉，把had變成having，即成現(xiàn)在分詞短語作原因狀語：

Having a lot of work to do，they did not go to the party.

2. When ice is heated， it will be changed into water.

此句when 引導時間狀語從句，由于從句的主語與主句的主語都是ice， 可以把從句中的主語和be 動詞去掉，或者連詞when 也可以去掉，改成過去分詞heated作狀語。

When heated， ice will be changed into water.

或者Heated， ice will be changed into water.

二、從句的主語如果與主句的主語之間邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，動作為正在進行或完成，則轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)在分詞;如果是被動關(guān)系，則轉(zhuǎn)換成過去分詞。

1. When he heard a cry for help，he rushed out.

從句中，he 與hear是主動關(guān)系，表示“他聽見”，可變成現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語，或者保留連詞。

Hearing a cry for help，he rushed out.

When hearing a cry for help， he rushed out.

2. After the girl learned some simple Chinese， she was able to communicate with us.

after引導原因狀語從句，從句主語與主句主語一致，learn some simple Chinese 與be able to communicate with us 之間有先后順序，則句子可以轉(zhuǎn)換為：

After learning some simple Chinese， she was able to communicate with us. （用after 表示動作先后）

或 Having learned some simple Chinese， she was able to communicate with us. （用having done 表示動作先后）

3. Because he hadnt finished his homework， he didnt watch the football match.

because 引導原因狀語從句，從句主語與主句主語一致，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，但從句的動作在主句動作之前，分詞要用完成式，則句子可以轉(zhuǎn)化為：

Not having finished his homework， he didnt watch the football match. （注意：not 放在分詞的前面）

4. When he was asked by the teacher， he answered politely.

when 引導的從句中，he和ask是被動關(guān)系，則變成過去分詞作時間狀語，或保留連詞。

Asked by the teacher， he answered politely.

或 When asked by the teacher， he answered politely.

5. When the tall building was attacked by terrorists， the tall building collapsed.

when 引導時間狀語從句，從句主語與主句主語一致。根據(jù)句意;大樓因為受到恐怖分子的襲擊而倒塌，從句動作先于主語動作，則句子可轉(zhuǎn)換為：

Having been attacked by terrorists， the tall building collapsed.

三、如果從句的主語與主句的主語不一致，該怎么辦？請看下例：

1. As the heroes deeds moved them deeply，they decided to study even harder.

句中，主句的主語是they，而從句主語是the heroes deeds，主語不一致，這時可以把從句變換一下句型，變成被動語態(tài)。即： As they were deeply moved by the heroes deeds.從句的主語與主句的主語都是they，就可轉(zhuǎn)換成：

Deeply moved by the heroes deeds， they decided to study even harder.

2. The professor came into the lab; a group of students followed him.

這是兩個簡單句，如果中間加個and也可看成并列句。因為主語不同，可以先把第二句變成：He was followed by a group of students.全句就可轉(zhuǎn)換成：

Followed by a group of students，the professor came into the lab.

四、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

分詞作狀語時邏輯主語與主句主語應保持一致，但當分詞邏輯主語與主語不一致時，分詞要有自己獨立的邏輯主語，這種主語常常是名詞或代詞，置于動詞-ing形式或動詞-ed 形式之前。這種“名詞/代詞+動詞-ing/動詞-ed”結(jié)構(gòu)在語法上被稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。此時分詞形式的選擇取決于名詞/代詞與v-ing / v-ed 形式所表示動作的邏輯關(guān)系，如果它們之間表示主動或分詞動作正在進行，選擇現(xiàn)在分詞，如果它們之間表示被動或完成，選擇過去分詞。

1. When spring came， the trees turned green.

可把狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)變成名詞 + v-ing。

Spring coming， the trees turned green.

2. Because the question was settled， they felt released.

可把原因狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊~ + v-ed 的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：

The question settled， they felt released.

鞏固練習

1. The type and quantity of illegal drugs a person is carrying when???? by the police determine the punishment，????? ? ? ? ? from a small fine to life imprisonment.

A. caught; ranging B. caught; ranged

C. catching; ranging D. catching; ranged

2.??? ? ? ? ??? a record breaking seven Golden Globes， the musical La La Land surprisingly does not appeal to Chinese viewers.

A. Winning B. Won

C. Having won D. To win

3. —Sharon， why is the man so upset now？

—His wallet， mobile phone and ID card??? ? ? ? ? ， the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.

A. was stolen B. stolen

C. being stolen D. having stolen

4. Newly???? ? ? ? ?? chairman of the Chinese Basketball Association， Yao Ming has put reforming the domestic games management at the top of his agenda.

A. appointing B. appointed

C. being appointed D. having appointed

5. To the couples great surprise， the house was in a mess as if???? ? ? ? ? .

A. breaking into B. having broken into

C. broken into D. being broken into

6. Much time?? ? ? ? ???? sitting at a desk， office workers are generally troubled by health problems.

A. being spent B. having spent

C. spent D. spending

7. Children， when?? ????? by their parents， are allowed to enter the stadium.

A. to be accompanied B. to accompany

C. accompanying D. accompanied

8.???? ? ?? it easier to get in touch with us， youd better keep this card at hand.

A. Made B. Make

C. Making D. To make

9.? ? ? ? ?many times， but he still couldnt understand it.

A. Having been told

B. Told

C. He was told

D. Though he had been told

10. Dina，??? ? ??? for months to find a job as a waitress， finally took a position at a local advertising agency.

A. struggling B. struggled

C. having struggled D. to struggle

參考答案

1—5 ACBBC 6—10 CDDCC