王艷 涂萍 徐定波 李圣堅(jiān) 楊枝
【摘要】 目的:探討非酒精性脂肪肝?。∟AFLD)患者同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)與頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)中膜厚度(IMT)的相關(guān)性及發(fā)病的危險(xiǎn)因素。方法:選取2013年1月-2015年6月本院體檢人群中經(jīng)B超檢查為NAFLD的患者112例為NAFLD組,并選取同期B超檢查正常的人群130例為對(duì)照組(NC組)。檢測(cè)兩組血漿Hcy,丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(ALT)、天門冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(AST)、總膽固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG),空腹胰島素(FINS),測(cè)定左右頸動(dòng)脈IMT(IMT-L、IMT-R),同時(shí)計(jì)算體重指數(shù)(BMI),胰島素抵抗指數(shù)(HOMA-IR),并進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析。結(jié)果:NAFLD組BMI、TG、HOMA-IR、Hcy、IMT-L、IMT-R均高于NC組(P<0.01);相關(guān)性分析顯示,NAFLD組平均IMT與BMI、TG、HOMA-IR、Hcy均呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05);Logistic回歸分析顯示,BMI、TG、HOMA-IR、Hcy是NAFLD的主要危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.01)。結(jié)論:Hcy是NAFLD發(fā)病的危險(xiǎn)因素,且Hcy水平與IMT呈正相關(guān),故臨床需加強(qiáng)對(duì)危險(xiǎn)因素的監(jiān)測(cè)、控制,早期評(píng)估心血管風(fēng)險(xiǎn),以減少心腦血管事件的發(fā)生。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 非酒精性脂肪肝; 同型半胱氨酸; 頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)中膜厚度
Study on Correlation between Plasma Homocysteine and Carotid Artery Intima-media Thickness in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/WANG Yan,TU Ping,XU Dingbo,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2017,14(35):021-024
【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the correlation between homocysteine(Hcy) and carotid artery intima-media thickness(IMT) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and risk factors.Method:A total of 112 cases of NAFLD were examined by B ultrasonic examination in the physical examination population of our hospital from January 2013 to June 2015 were selected as NAFLD group,and 130 cases who had normal B-mode ultrasound examination were selected as control group(NC group).The serum levels of homocysteine,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting insulin(FINS),left and right carotid artery IMT(IMT-L,IMT-R) were detected,body mass index(BMI) and Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) of two groups were calculated.Result:BMI,TG,HOMA-IR,Hcy,IMT-L and IMT-R of NAFLD group were all higher than those of NC group(P<0.01).The correlation analysis showed that the average IMT in NAFLD group were positively correlated with BMI,TG,HOMA-IR and Hcy(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI,TG,HOMA-IR and Hcy were the major risk factors for NAFLD(P<0.01).Conclusion:Hcy is a risk factor for the onset of NAFLD,and the level of Hcy is positively correlated with IMT.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and control of the risk factors and to assess the cardiovascular risk early in order to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events.
【Key words】 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Homocysteine; Carotid artery intima-media thicknessendprint
First-authors address:The Third Hospital of Nanchang,Nanchang 330009,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.35.006
近年來(lái),生活方式的改變和飲食攝入過(guò)量導(dǎo)致了非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的流行,心血管疾病成為這類患者死亡的主要死因[1],這對(duì)人們健康及公共衛(wèi)生造成極大危害。NAFLD患者中,胰島素抵抗可以導(dǎo)致肝細(xì)胞的脂肪酸代謝障礙,從而加重肝臟脂肪變性[2-3]。而胰島素抵抗也可以促進(jìn)心血管疾病的發(fā)展。頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)中膜厚度(IMT)被證實(shí)與心血管疾病有很強(qiáng)的相關(guān)性,主要用于評(píng)價(jià)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化[4]。研究證實(shí)NAFLD與頸動(dòng)脈IMT呈正相關(guān)[5],同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生發(fā)展過(guò)程中起著重要的作用,是心血管疾病的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因子[6],可以加重胰島素抵抗,促進(jìn)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的進(jìn)展[7]。本研究通過(guò)對(duì)NAFLD患者血漿Hcy與頸動(dòng)脈IMT關(guān)系進(jìn)行相關(guān)性研究,以進(jìn)一步探討NAFLD危險(xiǎn)因素及與心血管病變的相關(guān)性?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選取2013年1月-2015年6月本院體檢人群中經(jīng)B超檢查為NAFLD的患者112例為NAFLD組,并選取同期B超檢查正常的人群130例為對(duì)照組(NC組),其中NAFLD的診斷根據(jù)中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)肝臟病學(xué)分會(huì)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8]。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):依據(jù)B超影像圖診斷為脂肪肝;無(wú)飲酒史或飲酒折合乙醇量<140 g/周(女性<70 g/周)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):病毒性肝炎、自身免疫性肝炎、藥物性肝炎患者;嚴(yán)重肝腎功能不全、心力衰竭患者;正在使用糖皮質(zhì)激素、雌激素、甲氨蝶呤、他莫昔芬、抗生素、胺碘酮、維生素B、葉酸、阿司匹林、茶堿的患者?;颊呔鶎?duì)本研究知情并簽署知情同意書(shū),且本研究已經(jīng)院倫理委員會(huì)審核批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 方法 (1)通過(guò)詢問(wèn)病史及體格檢查,記錄兩組患者的性別、年齡、身高、體重,計(jì)算體重指數(shù)(BMI),測(cè)定收縮壓(SBP)、舒張壓(DBP);(2)兩組均空腹10 h,分別抽靜脈血3 mL,采用拜耳2400型全自動(dòng)生化分析儀檢測(cè)天門冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(ALT)、甘油三酯(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰島素(FINS)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy),計(jì)算胰島素抵抗指數(shù)(HOMA-IR),HOMA-IR=FINS×FPG/22.5;(3)采用彩色多普勒超聲診斷儀測(cè)定兩組左、右頸動(dòng)脈IMT(IMT-L、IMT-R)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 使用SPSS 19.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用 字2檢驗(yàn);危險(xiǎn)因素采用Logistic多元線性逐步回歸分析。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組一般情況及生化指標(biāo)比較 兩組性別、年齡、AST比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);NAFLD組BMI、SBP、DBP、ALT、TG、TC、LDL-C、FPG均高于NC組,HDL-C低于NC組,比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩組FINS、HOMA-IR、Hcy及IMT的比較 NAFLD組FINS、HOMA-IR、Hcy、IMT-L、IMT-R均高于NC組,比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 NAFLD的危險(xiǎn)因素分析 經(jīng)相關(guān)性分析顯示,NAFLD組平均IMT與BMI、SBP、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、Hcy均呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),與HDL-C呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.01),見(jiàn)表3。以平均IMT為應(yīng)變量,將有意義的變量納入方程進(jìn)行Logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示,BMI、TG、HOMA-IR、Hcy是NAFLD的主要危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.01),見(jiàn)表4。
3 討論
研究表明,NAFLD患者發(fā)生動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化和心肌梗死、腦卒中的概率顯著高于對(duì)照人群[8-9],有學(xué)者甚至認(rèn)為NAFLD是動(dòng)脈硬化的標(biāo)志[10]。Fracanzani等[11]在針對(duì)NAFLD患者的對(duì)照研究中指出,NAFLD是心血管損害的危險(xiǎn)因素之一,并能作為心血管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的評(píng)估,因?yàn)橐唤?jīng)診斷NAFLD,其動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化即已存在。在NAFLD中,胰島素抵抗是疾病的始動(dòng)因素并貫穿在疾病的病理生理過(guò)程中,其不僅促進(jìn)肝臟脂肪生成,也參與了氧化應(yīng)激,并產(chǎn)生大量活性氧(ROS)及促進(jìn)炎癥因子分泌,如白介素6(IL-6)、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)等,這些氧化應(yīng)激產(chǎn)物與血管內(nèi)皮功能障礙、動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生密切相關(guān)。本研究結(jié)果顯示,NAFLD組TG、LDL-C、FINS、HOMA-IR均高于NC組,HDL-C低于NC組,比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),提示NAFLD患者已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)胰島素抵抗,產(chǎn)生高胰島素血癥和血脂異常;經(jīng)相關(guān)性分析顯示,NAFLD組平均IMT與HOMA-IR呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05);Logistic分析也顯示HOMA-IR是NAFLD的主要危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。
Hcy是蛋氨酸在肝臟代謝的中間產(chǎn)物,Hcy能改變細(xì)胞內(nèi)的脂質(zhì)代謝,升高的血清Hcy水平與脂肪肝的形成可能相關(guān)[12]。研究表明,Hcy與氧化應(yīng)激、2型糖尿病、心血管疾病和動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化相關(guān)[13-14],且NAFLD患者中Hcy水平升高,并與胰島素抵抗的嚴(yán)重程度相關(guān)[15]。有學(xué)者認(rèn)為,Hcy水平升高是頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的一個(gè)獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[16-17],且亞洲人群(包括中國(guó))的Hcy水平明顯高于其他地區(qū)[18]。Hcy在體內(nèi)的代謝主要有兩條途徑:包括再次甲基化回到蛋氨酸,或者通過(guò)反式硫化通路形成半胱氨酸。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Hcy能夠抑制胰島素受體酪氨酸激酶的活化,通過(guò)氧化應(yīng)激破壞胰島素信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路[19-20]。Werstuck等[21]發(fā)現(xiàn)Hcy能誘導(dǎo)內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激反應(yīng),激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶,上調(diào)膽固醇調(diào)節(jié)元件結(jié)合蛋白水平,導(dǎo)致肝臟脂質(zhì)代謝紊亂。Matté等[22]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Hcy誘導(dǎo)氧化應(yīng)激和炎癥反應(yīng)。本研究結(jié)果顯示,NAFLD組Hcy水平顯著高于NC組,比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),提示Hcy在NAFLD發(fā)病中起一定的作用。經(jīng)相關(guān)性分析顯示,NAFLD組平均IMT與Hcy水平呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),且Logistic分析也顯示Hcy是NAFLD的主要危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05),提示血漿Hcy可能與NAFLD患者更容易發(fā)生動(dòng)脈硬化有關(guān)。而且本研究結(jié)果還顯示,BMI和TG也是NAFLD的主要危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05),這與之前的研究也是一致的[11]。當(dāng)然本研究也有一些不足,首先本研究使用HOMA-IR評(píng)價(jià)胰島素抵抗,相較于葡萄糖鉗夾實(shí)驗(yàn)是不夠精確的;其次本研究靠超聲診斷NAFLD,可能因診斷醫(yī)師的專業(yè)水平和臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)產(chǎn)生誤差。endprint
綜上所述,臨床需要加強(qiáng)對(duì)這些代謝指標(biāo)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),控制危險(xiǎn)因素,對(duì)NAFLD患者心血管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行早期評(píng)估,以減少心腦血管事件的發(fā)生。
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(收稿日期:2017-11-14) (本文編輯:董悅)endprint
中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2017年35期