徐勇士
raise一詞形式簡(jiǎn)單,但內(nèi)涵豐富,讓我們一起來(lái)領(lǐng)略一下吧。我們先試著翻譯以下句子,看看raise一詞在各句中的含義。
1.Tom raised his eyes from his work.
2.We raised the fence and fixed it in position.
3.We should raise the standards of service.
4.The story raises doubts and fears in people's minds.
5.The film raises many important issues for our consideration.
6.We haven't raised enough funds for our research.
7.I was raised by my grandfather.
8.I have got a raise of 200 dollars this month.
上面八個(gè)例句的意思分別是:1.湯姆停下工作舉目觀看。2.我們把籬笆豎起來(lái)并固定住。3.我們應(yīng)該提高服務(wù)水平。4.這個(gè)故事引起了人們的懷疑和恐懼。5.該電影提出了許多重要的問(wèn)題,值得考慮。6.我們的研究還沒(méi)有籌備到足夠的基金。7.我是由祖父撫養(yǎng)大的。8.這個(gè)月我獲得了200美元加薪。
由上可見(jiàn),raise一詞主要有八層含義:1.lift or move something to a higher level;cause to rise,即“提起,抬起”;2.move something or somebody to an upright position,即“豎起,扶起”;3.increase the amount or volume or heighten the level of something,即“提高”;4.cause something to arise or appear,即“引起,激起”;5.bring something up for discussion or attention;put forward,即“將(某事物)提出討論或引起注意”;6.bring something or collect something together,即“籌集,籌備”;7.bring up a child,et.,即“撫養(yǎng)”;8.用作名詞,表示“增加”。
再看看下面幾個(gè)句子,raise都是什么意思呢?
1.The girl raised her hand immediately the teacher asked a question.
2.The man raised Zhang Xiaofan from his knees,telling him that he wished to save Biyao but he wasn't able to.
3.He raised his offer to 500 dollars.
4.I am glad you raised that point.
5.It's difficult to raise a family on a small income.
6.The teachers organized various activities to raise money for the su rvivors in the earthquake.
【注意】raise,rise和arise三個(gè)詞意思接近,要注意區(qū)別。raise表示“舉起;抬起;使升起”時(shí)為及物動(dòng)詞,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作是要作用于其他事物的。rise表示“升起,上升;起立”,如自然界的日月星辰霧云的上升以及人體從睡、跪、坐、躺等姿勢(shì)站立起來(lái)。rise為不及物動(dòng)詞,后面不能接賓語(yǔ),不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
例如:The sun rises red.太陽(yáng)升起紅艷艷。
She rises early in the morning.她早晨起得很早。
arise表示“發(fā)生,出現(xiàn),呈現(xiàn)”,為不及物動(dòng)詞,通常和一些介詞搭配構(gòu)成短語(yǔ),如arise out of/from表示“因某物而產(chǎn)生,造成,引起”。
例如:Accidents often arise from carelessness.事故常起因于粗心。
These changes arise from differences in climate and the nature of the country.這些變化是由這個(gè)國(guó)家的氣候和自然環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的。
【拓展】raise一詞可以構(gòu)成一些習(xí)慣表達(dá),常見(jiàn)的如下:
1.raise the roof大發(fā)雷霆
例如:I'd better clean my room,otherwise my mother would raise the roof.我最好清理一下房間,不然我母親會(huì)非常生氣。
2.raise one's eyebrows表示輕蔑或驚訝
例如:There were many raised eyebrows when he won the first prize.他贏得了一等獎(jiǎng),很多人表示吃驚。
3.raise the temperature加劇緊張氣氛
例如:This topic raised the temperature of our discussion.這個(gè)話題使我們討論的氣氛頓時(shí)緊張起來(lái)。
英語(yǔ)中有很多像raise一樣的詞,形式十分簡(jiǎn)單,但內(nèi)涵極其豐富,所以我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中對(duì)這樣的詞應(yīng)給與足夠的重視,注意積累。endprint