謝艷茹+吳敏華+周月芬
[摘要] 目的 探討進(jìn)展期胃癌化療前后血清巨噬細(xì)胞抑制因子-1(MIC-1)水平的變化及其臨床意義。 方法 回顧性分析2013年1月~2015年1月在麗水市中心醫(yī)院住院的進(jìn)展期胃癌患者61例,應(yīng)用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測定雙抗體夾心法檢測其化療前、化療2個(gè)周期后血清MIC-1水平,采用電化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫分析儀檢測上述胃癌患者血清標(biāo)本癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖類抗原(CA199)濃度,分析化療前后血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物水平的變化與臨床資料的關(guān)系。 結(jié)果 化療后MIC-1、CEA、CA199水平均明顯低于化療前,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。MIC-1水平與臨床分期及分化程度相關(guān)(P < 0.05)。MIC-1聯(lián)合CEA、CA199三者作為一個(gè)腫瘤標(biāo)志物,化療前其表達(dá)與臨床分期、分化程度及化療療效相關(guān)(P < 0.05),與腹水高度相關(guān)(P < 0.01);化療后其表達(dá)與腹水、分化程度、化療效果均相關(guān)(P < 0.01)。 結(jié)論 MIC-1在診斷進(jìn)展期胃癌方面有較高的研究價(jià)值,同時(shí)聯(lián)合CEA、CA199檢測可以更好地評價(jià)胃癌患者的化療效果,對于判定胃癌患者預(yù)后及預(yù)示復(fù)發(fā)有一定的預(yù)測價(jià)值。MIC-1作為一種新的腫瘤標(biāo)志物具有良好的應(yīng)用前景及研究價(jià)值。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 巨噬細(xì)胞抑制因子;腫瘤標(biāo)志物;胃癌;研究價(jià)值
[中圖分類號] R735.2 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2018)01(b)-0092-05
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the changes and the clinical significance of serum macrophage inhibitory cytokine (MIC-1) levels before and after chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. Methods The clinical data of 61 patients with advanced gastric cancer admitted to Lishui Central Hospital from January 2013 to January 2015 were retrospective analyzed. Double antibody sandwich ELISA method was applied to detect the serum MIC-1 levels before chemotherapy and after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen-199 (CA199) concentration in serum samples of the gastric cancer were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. Relationship between the levels of serum tumor marker before and after chemotherapy and the clinical data were analyzed. Results After chemotherapy, the levels of MIC-1, CEA and CA199 were all significantly lower than those of before chemotherapy, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The level of MIC-1 was correlated with the clinical stage and the degree of differentiation, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). MIC-1 combined with CEA and CA199 as one tumor marker, before chemotherapy, the expressions were correlated with the clinical stage, the degree of differentiation and the chemotherapy efficacy (P < 0.05), and was highly correlated with ascites (P < 0.01). After chemotherapy, the expressions were highly correlated with ascites, differentiation and chemotherapy efficacy (P < 0.01). Conclusion This study suggests that MIC-1 has high research value in the diagnosis of advanced gastric cancer. MIC-1 combine with CEA and CA199 can better evaluate the chemotherapy efficacy in patients with gastric cancer and has certain prognostic value for determining the prognosis and the occurrence. As a new tumor marker, MIC-1 has good application prospect and research value.endprint
[Key words] Macrophage inhibitory factor; Tumor marker; Gastric cancer; Research value
中國每年都有較其他國家更多的新發(fā)胃癌病例,在我國其發(fā)病率和死亡率均升至惡性腫瘤的第三位。自2005年以來,麗水地區(qū)胃癌發(fā)病率一直高居首位,嚴(yán)重危害人們健康[1]。胃癌在臨床診治過程中,腫瘤標(biāo)志物檢測已經(jīng)廣泛開展,目前臨床常用的腫瘤標(biāo)志物主要是癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖類抗原199(CA199)等,但缺乏較高的特異性及靈敏度,且不能作為生化復(fù)發(fā)及療效評定指標(biāo)。目前越來越多的實(shí)驗(yàn)采用新的或幾種腫瘤標(biāo)志物聯(lián)合檢測,進(jìn)而提高胃癌的診斷效能,更好地進(jìn)行療效判定及預(yù)后評價(jià)。近年大量研究發(fā)現(xiàn),巨噬細(xì)胞抑制因子-1(MIC-1)作為人轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子β(TGF-β)家族成員,廣泛參與細(xì)胞凋亡、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移[2]。正常血清中,MIC-1表達(dá)水平低下,而在惡性腫瘤、炎癥等病理情況下MIC-1表達(dá)水平可明顯升高,且持續(xù)時(shí)間顯著延長[3]。它與胃癌的關(guān)系十分密切,與其他致癌生長因子共同作用可增強(qiáng)腫瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲性和轉(zhuǎn)移能力,使胃癌的惡性生物學(xué)行為增加,并在胃癌患者血清及胃癌組織中高表達(dá)[4]。本研究旨在探討化療前后胃癌患者血清MIC-1、CEA、CA199表達(dá)水平的變化,以探討聯(lián)合檢測MIC-1作為胃癌化療效果評價(jià)指標(biāo)的可行性。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇2013年1月~2015年1月在麗水市中心醫(yī)院(以下簡稱“我院”)腫瘤內(nèi)科確診的進(jìn)展期胃癌患者61例為研究對象。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①經(jīng)組織學(xué)確診的進(jìn)展期胃癌患者;②所有患者均有完整的臨床數(shù)據(jù);③主要器官功能基本正常,無嚴(yán)重合并癥;④預(yù)計(jì)生存時(shí)間>3個(gè)月。記錄患者相關(guān)的臨床數(shù)據(jù),包括性別、年齡、部位、病理分化程度、腫瘤臨床分期、化療前后兩周期腫瘤標(biāo)志物在血清中的水平及化療效果等。胃癌病理分類依據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織腫瘤病理學(xué)及遺傳學(xué)分類[5],腫瘤分期根據(jù)美國癌癥聯(lián)合委員會(AJCC)胃癌TMN分期法(2010年第7版)[6]。其中男38例,女23例;年齡39~72歲,中位年齡62歲;初治42例,復(fù)治19例;高分化腺癌5例,中分化腺癌23例,低分化腺癌33例;Ⅱ期8例,Ⅲ期12例,Ⅳ期41例;伴發(fā)腹水18例,無腹水43例。
1.2 血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物檢測
收集61例胃癌患者化療前及化療2個(gè)周期后12~16 d的血清標(biāo)本,采用帶有分離膠的真空采血管抽取患者空腹靜脈血4 mL,自然凝集30 min,8℃,4000 r/min離心15 min,分離血清分裝并-80℃冰箱保存。血清MIC-1檢測采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測定雙抗體夾心法,試劑盒購自北京金紫晶生物醫(yī)藥有限公司(E00056),伯樂公司imark酶標(biāo)儀檢測各孔吸光度(OD)值,嚴(yán)格按照儀器和試劑使用說明書操作。羅氏Cobase 601全自動(dòng)電化學(xué)發(fā)光分析儀及配套試劑檢測血清CEA、CA199水平。CEA、CA199的正常范圍分別為0~5 ng/mL、0~37.0 U/mL。
1.3 化療方案及療效評定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
采用NCCN指南推薦[7]的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)SOX(奧沙利鉑注射液+替吉奧膠囊)方案,其中奧沙利鉑注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:江蘇恒瑞醫(yī)藥股份有限公司,50 mg/支,生產(chǎn)批號:16092116)130 mg/m2,靜脈滴注3 h,第1天;替吉奧膠囊(生產(chǎn)廠家:魯南制藥有限公司生產(chǎn),20 mg/粒,生產(chǎn)批號:023160904)80 mg/m2,分2次,餐后口服,第1~14天,每21 d為1個(gè)周期,至少完成2個(gè)周期。所有可測量病灶均有化療前的基線測量,以后每2個(gè)周期進(jìn)行影像學(xué)檢查測量。療效評價(jià)[8]按RECIST標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為完全緩解(CR),部分緩解(PR),病情穩(wěn)定(SD)和病情進(jìn)展(PD)。以CR+PR統(tǒng)計(jì)為化療有效,以PD+SD統(tǒng)計(jì)為化療無效。至少完成2個(gè)周期后評價(jià)療效。CR或SD者4周后復(fù)查影像學(xué)檢查,如患者在癥狀緩解后再次加重則及時(shí)復(fù)查。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 22.0對所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用百分率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 化療前后患者M(jìn)IC-1、CA199、CEA水平變化
化療后CEA、CA199、MIC-1指標(biāo)均低于化療前,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 化療前MIC-1、CA199、CEA與臨床分期和組織學(xué)分級的關(guān)系
CEA與臨床分期無明顯相關(guān)性(P > 0.05),但與分化程度相關(guān)(P < 0.01)。CA199與臨床分期相關(guān)(P < 0.01),但與分化程度無明顯相關(guān)性(P > 0.05)。MIC-1與臨床分期及分化程度均相關(guān)(P < 0.05)。見表2。
2.3 MIC-1、CA199、CEA作為聯(lián)合標(biāo)志物與臨床分期、組織學(xué)分級、療效的關(guān)系
MIC-1、CEA、CA199三者作為一個(gè)腫瘤標(biāo)記物,化療前其表達(dá)與臨床分期、分化程度、腹水、化療效果相關(guān)(P < 0.05),其中與腹水高度相關(guān)(P < 0.01);化療后其表達(dá)與分化程度、腹水、化療效果均高度相關(guān)(P < 0.01),與臨床分期無相關(guān)性(P > 0.05)。見表3。
3 討論
胃癌是臨床常見的消化系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤,手術(shù)、化療、放療是主要治療手段,療效評估采用胃鏡、增強(qiáng)CT等,但存在胃部充盈情況及胃鏡操作人員不均質(zhì)等問題,進(jìn)而影響病情評估。因此,探尋有效的血清學(xué)腫瘤標(biāo)志物對于胃癌早期診斷、監(jiān)測病情進(jìn)展及療效評估具有重要意義。
MIC-1是1997年Bootcov等[9]研究巨噬細(xì)胞活化相關(guān)基因時(shí)從U937細(xì)胞系cDNA文庫首先分離出來的。它是巨噬細(xì)胞活化表達(dá)的產(chǎn)物。管華琴等[10]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),MIC-1在人胃癌組織中高表達(dá),隨著慢性炎癥由癌前病變粘膜組織向胃癌的演變過程,MIC-1表達(dá)顯著增加,提示MIC-1的表達(dá)是胃癌發(fā)生的早期事件,參與胃癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展。MIC-1作為早期胃癌腫瘤抑制因子,通過活化p53通路[11]、抑制COX-2表達(dá)[12]、誘導(dǎo)Caspase-8通路[13]及激活磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/絲氨酸/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶和糖原合成酶3β信號通路[14]等多種作用機(jī)制發(fā)揮作用。相反,在胃癌晚期,它通過抑制β-cateninδ1基因表達(dá)[15]、上調(diào)uPA系統(tǒng)提高胃癌細(xì)胞的侵襲能力[16]和誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞中ErbB2受體酪氨酸激酶的過度表達(dá)[17]等參與促癌作用。Lee等[18]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),胃癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移或遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移MIC-1 mRNA表達(dá)明顯高于無轉(zhuǎn)移組,提示MIC-1表達(dá)與腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)。Zhang等[19]通過不同治療手段治療早期胃癌,結(jié)果顯示,MIC-1可以作為判斷胃癌預(yù)后的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志物。同時(shí)Mehta、Liu等[20-21]研究結(jié)果也顯示,MIC-1可作為早期肺癌、腸癌診斷及預(yù)后評估的潛在的新血清腫瘤生物標(biāo)志物。本研究主要探究MIC-1在評價(jià)胃癌患者化療效果中所起的作用。endprint
本研究將61例胃癌患者作為研究對象,實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析顯示,化療后MIC-1、CEA、CA199水平均較化療前有明顯下降,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),提示這3種腫瘤標(biāo)志物均有單獨(dú)作為預(yù)測胃癌化療效果指標(biāo)的可能性。同時(shí)MIC-1水平與臨床分期及分化程度均相關(guān),CEA僅與分化程度相關(guān),CA199僅與臨床分期相關(guān),提示MIC-1與CEA、CA199相比,可能更好地預(yù)測胃癌患者的惡性程度及預(yù)后。本研究進(jìn)一步將MIC-1、CEA、CA199三者作為腫瘤標(biāo)志物聯(lián)合檢測,其化療前表達(dá)水平與臨床分期、分化程度及化療效果相關(guān),但與腹水明顯相關(guān)?;熀笃浔磉_(dá)與分化程度、腹水、化療效果均有較高相關(guān)性。結(jié)果提示,聯(lián)合檢測MIC-1、CEA、CA199三者作為腫瘤標(biāo)志物可以更好地判斷胃癌患者的臨床分期及惡性程度,同時(shí)對于合并腹水患者具有潛在的診斷價(jià)值,而且可以更好地評價(jià)胃癌患者化療的效果,指導(dǎo)臨床治療方案的調(diào)整。與Murielle、王小兵、吳佳等[22-24]研究結(jié)果顯示的MIC-1對于提高胃癌早期診斷水平以及評價(jià)臨床療效具有重要的臨床意義和價(jià)值的研究結(jié)果相符。但限于本研究病例樣本量小,還需進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大樣本量進(jìn)行研究。
綜上所述,MIC-1與CEA、CA199相比,能更好地預(yù)測胃癌患者的惡性程度及預(yù)后,MIC-1在診斷伴有惡性腹腔積液的Ⅳ期胃癌方面有較高的研究價(jià)值,同時(shí)聯(lián)合CEA、CA199檢測可以更好地評價(jià)胃癌患者的化療效果,對于判定胃癌患者預(yù)后及預(yù)示復(fù)發(fā)有一定的預(yù)測價(jià)值。MIC-1作為一種新的腫瘤標(biāo)志物具有良好的應(yīng)用前景及研究價(jià)值。
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(收稿日期:2017-10-13 本文編輯:王 娟)endprint