陳祖娟
在高中教學(xué)的過(guò)程中,英語(yǔ)是一門重要的基礎(chǔ)性學(xué)科。在英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)的過(guò)程中,寫作教學(xué)是教學(xué)的必要環(huán)節(jié),寫作能力是學(xué)生必須具備的能力。寫作在學(xué)生的考試中占據(jù)著重要的位置,在實(shí)際的課堂教學(xué)的過(guò)程中,很多的學(xué)生認(rèn)為沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤的作文就是好文章,這樣的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的。教師在進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)的過(guò)程中過(guò)于注重學(xué)生語(yǔ)法的表達(dá),忽視了作文中語(yǔ)篇的連貫性。因此,在作文寫作的過(guò)程中,采取連接的手段能夠促使文章具有連貫性,通篇上下呼應(yīng),有效提高學(xué)生的寫作能力和寫作水平,促進(jìn)學(xué)生綜合能力的提高。
1. 注重連接詞的教學(xué),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用
在高中英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)的過(guò)程中,使用的連接詞有很多,教師應(yīng)當(dāng)注重連接詞的教學(xué),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行啟發(fā)式學(xué)習(xí),不是讓學(xué)生在考試前進(jìn)行死記硬背,導(dǎo)致學(xué)生在考試過(guò)程中濫用、亂用銜接詞。在日常的教學(xué)過(guò)程中,教師應(yīng)當(dāng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)連接詞進(jìn)行自主的歸納和總結(jié),并且能夠在寫作的過(guò)程中,靈活的運(yùn)用,有效地提高作文的銜接效果。例如,在北師大版高中英語(yǔ)《City and Country》課文的教學(xué)過(guò)程中,在文章中有很多的連接詞:
On Monday nights, I have dance class, and on Wednesday nights, I go to the gym. I need to do that because I dont get enough exercise otherwise. On Tuesday and Thursday nights, I have French class. I work for a French company so I think studying French will help me in my job.
I love movies. My wife calls me a “movie fan”. But there isnt a cinema in my village so I dont get the chance to go very often. I go about twice a year, usually when I go to London with my family. We take a weekend break there when I am not too busy on the farm. My wife loves looking in the clothes shops and I like all the crowds and the noise. I also like to buy a few cigars. Unfortunately, my wife isnt as fond of them as I am. My son and daughter love to ride on Londons red buses and they especially love to go on the tube.
在文章中“because”表示原因;“but”表示轉(zhuǎn)折;“also”表示增補(bǔ)等等。在課堂教學(xué)的過(guò)程中,教師可以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)連接詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行總結(jié),并且能夠了解其內(nèi)涵和使用方式,最終靈活地運(yùn)用。如,在連接詞匯中,表示列舉的有first、for one thing、for another、first of all等;表示原因的有because、since、as、as a result of等;表示結(jié)果的有thus、so、now that、therefore等;表示條件的有if、unless、such as、as follows等;表示解釋的有that is to say、in other words、in fact、actually等;表示讓步的although、though等;表示時(shí)間的before、until、later等;表示增補(bǔ)的also、not only ...but also等;表示轉(zhuǎn)折的but、yet、anyhow等;表示總結(jié)的有all in all、in short、lastly等;表示提出觀點(diǎn)的in my opinion/view/eyes等。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生正確地使用,避免出現(xiàn)誤用、濫用的現(xiàn)象。
2. 結(jié)合閱讀教學(xué),注重語(yǔ)篇中的連接教學(xué)
在高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的過(guò)程中,離不開閱讀教學(xué),通過(guò)閱讀能夠?qū)ξ恼陆Y(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了解和分析,能夠幫助學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇中的連接詞進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),掌握連接詞的運(yùn)用。在課堂教學(xué)的過(guò)程中,教師不但需要對(duì)語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行教學(xué),同時(shí)還需要對(duì)語(yǔ)篇之間存在的連接進(jìn)行處理,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)句式和短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。教師可以對(duì)文章進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),借助多媒體把文本內(nèi)容制作成PPT,然后把其中的連接詞匯空出,讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行閱讀并且填上正確的連接詞,促使上下文能夠連貫。例如,在北師大版高中英語(yǔ)《History Makers》的教學(xué)中,教師可以利用閱讀中的內(nèi)容:
Elizabeth Blackwell fought for womens rights. In 1849, she became the first woman ever to receive a medical degree in the USA and showed people (1) women could be doctors, just like men. (2), she opened a hospital (3) poor people in New York City. She continued to work with people who needed help (4) she died in 1910. 答案:(1)that(2)Later(3)for(4)until。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯的填入,促使上下文能夠連貫,通過(guò)這樣的方式讓學(xué)生能夠?qū)B接詞匯深入學(xué)習(xí),并且靈活地使用連接詞匯,熟練地掌握連接的方式,促進(jìn)學(xué)生寫作能力和寫作水平的提高。在教學(xué)的過(guò)程中,教師應(yīng)當(dāng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行自主的思考和判斷連接詞匯的使用,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行領(lǐng)悟,促使學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇駕馭能力的提高,提高英語(yǔ)寫作課堂教學(xué)的水平和質(zhì)量。
3. 結(jié)合語(yǔ)篇連接手段,加強(qiáng)學(xué)生的寫作練習(xí)
在高中英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)的過(guò)程中,僅僅依靠學(xué)生對(duì)連接詞匯的背誦和以及課堂的分析是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的,在寫作教學(xué)的過(guò)程中,教師需要結(jié)合學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況,根據(jù)課堂教學(xué)的內(nèi)容,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用語(yǔ)篇連接的手段進(jìn)行組句成段、綴段成篇的訓(xùn)練,實(shí)現(xiàn)課堂教學(xué)的目標(biāo)。在課堂教學(xué)的過(guò)程中,教師可以給學(xué)生提供為學(xué)生提供一定的句子或者內(nèi)容,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行要點(diǎn)的匯總,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行整個(gè)篇章的寫作練習(xí)。在寫作的過(guò)程中,教師應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行連接手段的引導(dǎo)運(yùn)用,促使能夠語(yǔ)篇上下連貫,促使學(xué)生寫作能力的提高。如針對(duì)下面文本,采取適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞寫成短文: I was four at that time. Since then I have been learning to swim. Before that, I didnt even like swimming. I remember the first time I tried to swim. I was very scared. I didnt even dare to put my head under the water. Then I saw many little kids. They were also learning to swim. Some of them couldnt even walk well. Their moms helped them to use their little hands to swim. I thought, “They arent afraid of water, why should I be?” So gradually I learned to swim too.
修改后的文章如下:
Ever since I was four, I have been learning to swim. I didnt even like swimming before. I remember the first time I tried to swim. I was so scared that I didnt even dare to put my head under the water. Then I saw many little kids who were also learning to swim though they couldnt even walk well. Their moms helped them to use their little hands to swim. I thought, “If they arent afraid of water, why should I be?” So gradually I learned to swim too.
4. 結(jié)語(yǔ)
在高中英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)的過(guò)程中,利用連接手段能夠促進(jìn)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)寫作水平和能力的提高,在教學(xué)的過(guò)程中,教師應(yīng)當(dāng)不斷地對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行啟發(fā)式的引導(dǎo)訓(xùn)練,促使學(xué)生對(duì)連接詞匯能夠熟練記憶和靈活運(yùn)用,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)篇意識(shí)。在實(shí)際的教學(xué)過(guò)程中,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)連接詞進(jìn)行搜集、歸納和總結(jié),借助閱讀和語(yǔ)篇進(jìn)行寫作的練習(xí),提高課堂教學(xué)的質(zhì)量和水平。
(作者單位:安徽省明光中學(xué))