A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall， and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work， but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities， for the composer is utterly dependent on them.

A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique， for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer.

Singers practice breathing every day， as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down， while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements.

Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety， for the notes are already there， waiting for them， and it is the piano tuners responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties； the hammers that hit the strings have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion， and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.

This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors： they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound， and they have to control these sounds with fanatical but selfless authority.

Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.

畫(huà)家將其已完成的作品掛在墻上，每個(gè)人都可以觀賞到。作曲家寫(xiě)完了一部作品，得由演奏者將其演奏出來(lái)，其他人才能得以欣賞。因?yàn)樽髑沂侨绱送耆匾蕾?lài)于專(zhuān)業(yè)的演唱者和演奏者，所以專(zhuān)業(yè)的演唱者和職業(yè)演奏者肩上的擔(dān)子可不輕。

一名學(xué)音樂(lè)的學(xué)生要想成為一名演奏者，需要經(jīng)受長(zhǎng)期的、艱苦的訓(xùn)練，就像一名醫(yī)科學(xué)生要成為一名醫(yī)生一樣。大多數(shù)的訓(xùn)練都是技巧性的，因?yàn)橐魳?lè)家控制肌肉的熟練程度必須達(dá)到與運(yùn)動(dòng)員或芭蕾舞演員相當(dāng)?shù)乃健?/p>

歌手每天都練習(xí)吊嗓子，因?yàn)槿绻荒苡行У乜刂萍∪獾脑?，他們的聲帶就不能滿(mǎn)足演唱的要求。弦樂(lè)器的演奏者練習(xí)的是在左手的手指上下移動(dòng)的同時(shí)，用右手前后拉動(dòng)琴弓——兩個(gè)截然不同的動(dòng)作。

歌手和樂(lè)器演奏者必須使所有的音符完美協(xié)調(diào)。鋼琴家則不用操這份心，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)音符都已在那里等待著他們了。而給鋼琴調(diào)音是調(diào)音師的職責(zé)。 但調(diào)音師也有他們的難處：他們必須小心地敲擊琴弦，不能讓音錘發(fā)出像打擊樂(lè)器的聲音，還要讓每個(gè)疊音發(fā)音清晰。

弄清音樂(lè)作品的織體是學(xué)生指揮者所面臨的難題：他們必須學(xué)會(huì)懂得音樂(lè)中的每一個(gè)音符以及它們的正確發(fā)音。 他們還必須熱忱而客觀地去控制這些音符的發(fā)音。

除非是與音樂(lè)方面的知識(shí)和悟性結(jié)合起來(lái)，單純的技巧沒(méi)有任何用處。偉大的藝術(shù)家是那些對(duì)音樂(lè)語(yǔ)言駕輕就熟的人，他們可以滿(mǎn)懷喜悅地演奏出寫(xiě)于任何時(shí)代的作品。

muscular /'m?skj?l?（r）/ adj. （有關(guān)）肌肉的

inadequate /?n'?d?kw?t/ adj. 不夠好的

The new air conditioning system proved inadequate.

spare /spe?（r）/ v. 使免遭

I wanted to spare Frances the embarrassment of discussing the subject.

thoroughly /'θ?r?li/ adv. 非常；極其

We thoroughly enjoyed ourselves.