史春波
80年前,鄉(xiāng)賢捐地辦學(xué)堂,培養(yǎng)出上百個(gè)大學(xué)生
現(xiàn)在,一位80后投入3000萬(wàn)元打造文化“聚賢莊”
浙江臨海大路章村有一座其貌不揚(yáng)的小山,因其形似古時(shí)候的筆架,所以被形象地稱為“筆架山”。
春寒的二月,站在筆架山的山坡上,可以看到一片原野,有火車呼嘯而過(guò)。鋪地的鐵軌,仿佛時(shí)空交錯(cuò)。
80年時(shí)代變遷,兩代鄉(xiāng)賢在這個(gè)村莊書(shū)寫(xiě)著不同的人生故事,相同的是理想和信心,是對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)耕文明的自信,也是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化的堅(jiān)守。
早在1938年,兩位章氏鄉(xiāng)賢捐出了家中最好的60畝地,在山坡上建起一座新式學(xué)堂,從此,培養(yǎng)了一代代學(xué)人。
現(xiàn)在,這個(gè)人口1100多人的村莊,全村三分之一以上都是有正式工作的知識(shí)分子,有近十分之一的人從事教師職業(yè)。
“我算不上鄉(xiāng)賢”,章海威搖搖手這樣對(duì)我說(shuō),“只能算是熱愛(ài)中國(guó)鄉(xiāng)土文化的人”。
他穿著一雙黑布鞋,黑色的羽絨服,簡(jiǎn)單樸素。
1983年,章海威出生在臨海大路章村。和中國(guó)的許多村莊相比,這里的特別在于——文教興盛。
9年前,鄉(xiāng)村振興的大潮還未來(lái)臨,鄉(xiāng)賢的力量支撐著章海威,開(kāi)始了孤獨(dú)而漫長(zhǎng)的文化傳承之路。
現(xiàn)代鄉(xiāng)村的振興,或許可以從這個(gè)村莊得到一些啟示。
對(duì)這個(gè)筆架山,章海威是熟悉的。他小時(shí)候,就在這里讀書(shū),雖然成績(jī)并不好,但那時(shí),一顆種子已經(jīng)播下。
近一個(gè)世紀(jì)前,章氏先賢們捐地辦學(xué)的佳話,章海威從小聽(tīng)到大。
1938年,一個(gè)名叫章可久的鄉(xiāng)賢,作為村里的第一代大學(xué)生,他辭去官職,回村里辦學(xué)。
那時(shí),章可久三兄弟有祖田180畝,大哥分去60畝地后,他和兄弟章可均將其中最好的60畝田地作為地基,以私人之力,建立了一所正規(guī)的新式小學(xué),名為“振民小學(xué)”,后改名為“崗嶺小學(xué)”。
學(xué)校分為日學(xué)和夜學(xué),有十幾個(gè)教師任職,學(xué)生1000多人。
而章可久的回鄉(xiāng)辦學(xué),同樣是受了鄉(xiāng)賢的感召。在此之前,一名教書(shū)先生在村莊的廟里開(kāi)辦學(xué)堂,培養(yǎng)了他們第一代大學(xué)生。
村民回憶,當(dāng)時(shí)的“崗嶺小學(xué)”很大很漂亮,有鐘樓、大操場(chǎng)、大禮堂、教學(xué)區(qū)和住宿區(qū),教室又大又明亮。
家庭條件稍好的孩子讀日學(xué),窮人家的孩子,白天幫父母干活,晚上自己提一盞煤油燈來(lái)上夜學(xué),學(xué)習(xí)氛圍特別濃厚。學(xué)校的學(xué)費(fèi)全免,只收取住宿生一些基本費(fèi)用。
十幾位老師的工資全靠章可久兄弟剩下的60畝土地的租金來(lái)維持,是實(shí)實(shí)在在的慈善事業(yè)。開(kāi)學(xué)時(shí),除了村里的孩子外,周邊20多個(gè)村的孩子都會(huì)過(guò)來(lái)讀書(shū)。
因此,這個(gè)小鄉(xiāng)村的文化普及率非常高,孩子們接受的是正規(guī)的新式教育,上一輩的輝煌也靠“崗嶺小學(xué)”得以延續(xù)。
中華人民共和國(guó)成立之初,村里就出了20多個(gè)鄉(xiāng)長(zhǎng)、區(qū)長(zhǎng),很多律師、法官、醫(yī)生、教師……他們用知識(shí)報(bào)效國(guó)家。
村民章遜華的家庭就是例子。他們五兄弟中,大哥考上清華大學(xué);二哥大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,曾任上海市委組織部副部長(zhǎng);三哥軍校畢業(yè)后任某空軍部隊(duì)的軍官;最小的弟弟也是浙大高材生。
這樣的家庭,還有很多,這在教育尚未普及的年代里,在中國(guó)的一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村,無(wú)疑是令人刮目相看的。
歷史的車輪滾滾向前。十多年前,這所學(xué)校被合并到了鎮(zhèn)里。山坡上,人去樓空。一時(shí)間,寂寥得似乎已被世人遺忘。
但民國(guó)時(shí)留下的教學(xué)樓還在,鄉(xiāng)賢的力量還在,氣息不滅,依然影響著一代代后人。
9年前,當(dāng)章海威再次登上這個(gè)山坡,看到空蕩蕩的學(xué)堂時(shí),萌生了一個(gè)愿望——修復(fù)當(dāng)年的學(xué)堂,并在新的時(shí)代賦予它新的內(nèi)涵。
此時(shí)的章海威,人生經(jīng)歷了很多波折,成長(zhǎng)為一名傳統(tǒng)文化的愛(ài)好者。
他說(shuō),以前不是上萬(wàn)的衣服不要穿的,現(xiàn)在穿什么都一樣。浮躁過(guò)后的人生,更多的是沉淀。
在這些年里,他去鄉(xiāng)野山村行走,收藏一切和鄉(xiāng)土文明相關(guān)的老物件,比如一個(gè)石雕,一塊木板,甚至是一座老房子。
因?yàn)椋吹?,這些東西消亡得太快了,如果不收藏下來(lái),以后怕是看不到了。有人來(lái)收購(gòu),他舍不得賣,在他看來(lái),散發(fā)著鄉(xiāng)土氣息的每一個(gè)東西,都是有生命的。
他把他的莊園,取名為于至樓。這個(gè)名字,是延續(xù)了章氏先賢辦的學(xué)堂里一個(gè)樓名,出自《禮記·大學(xué)》:“大學(xué)之道,在明明德,在親民,在止于至善?!币馑际牵盒奚碛?,都必須達(dá)到完美的境界而毫不動(dòng)搖。
“我知道有無(wú)數(shù)次的坎坷,但是我有足夠的自信?!彼@樣說(shuō)。9年來(lái),他默默無(wú)聞,像愚公移山一樣,重建一磚一瓦,低調(diào)地在這個(gè)小山坡上營(yíng)造一個(gè)理想的高地。
這已經(jīng)花費(fèi)了他3000萬(wàn)元,這個(gè)莊園里,到處能看到中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化,比如一座廳堂,他聽(tīng)說(shuō)有人要拆了,就趕過(guò)去整座買(mǎi)來(lái),再花了半年時(shí)間組建而成。
有多家媒體要采訪他,他都謝絕了?!爸挥胁桓始拍?,才能全力以赴?!?/p>
在很多人看來(lái),他有些“傻”。他對(duì)筆者說(shuō),他沒(méi)想過(guò)賺錢(qián),只想不讓祖先的這份文化遺產(chǎn)消失。
很少有人懂他。在他的身上,人們仿佛看到了前賢章可久、章可均兄弟的影子。
“我當(dāng)不起這個(gè)‘賢字”,他笑笑說(shuō)。
9年過(guò)去了,如今,一座城堡樣的古建筑群,聳立在筆架山上。
有越來(lái)越多的人來(lái)找他,有的要來(lái)辦國(guó)學(xué)班,有的說(shuō)想合作辦培訓(xùn),更多的人以為,這是一家復(fù)古的民宿。
幾乎每個(gè)來(lái)這里的人,都會(huì)夸他,“年輕有為”,“造得真好”,章海威覺(jué)得厭煩。
“我的內(nèi)心是孤獨(dú)的,缺少理解和志同道合的人”,他說(shuō)。
他也會(huì)受邀去參加一些文化項(xiàng)目的會(huì)。有一次,在會(huì)上,很多人都在自夸,介紹自己的項(xiàng)目做了什么什么,如何如何的好。
章海威則淡淡地說(shuō),“于至樓”有一點(diǎn)做得好,就是這么多年來(lái)什么都沒(méi)做,所以,一點(diǎn)灰塵也沒(méi)染上。
9年來(lái),章海威的心是靜的。
他每天來(lái)這里,站在山坡上,打拳,看自然的變化。他也每天喝酒,喝了酒思維才更活躍,想到什么,他就馬上寫(xiě)下來(lái)。
他自言沒(méi)什么文化,除了睡覺(jué),更多的時(shí)間是在思考。
讓他覺(jué)得激動(dòng)的是,年初發(fā)布的中央文件,提出了鄉(xiāng)村振興的戰(zhàn)略。章海威覺(jué)得,“這是抓到了點(diǎn)子上?!?/p>
他認(rèn)為,鄉(xiāng)村振興中,文明的復(fù)興太重要了,這是起點(diǎn),也是支點(diǎn)。這或許從這個(gè)村莊的故事中,就能得到證明。
“以后大量的資本會(huì)涌向農(nóng)村,造民宿,開(kāi)發(fā)旅游等等,我擔(dān)心,會(huì)破壞傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)耕文明?!彼f(shuō),失去農(nóng)耕文明的鄉(xiāng)村還是鄉(xiāng)村嗎?它會(huì)是空心的。
出于這種憂慮,章海威更愿意把他的于至樓看作了農(nóng)耕文明的孵化器,是一個(gè)聚賢莊。他要把各種民間藝人請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái),學(xué)習(xí)創(chuàng)作,培養(yǎng)后人,從這里,把文化遺產(chǎn)傳承下去。
“我們也希望集聚一批有創(chuàng)意的文化人入駐,把文化資源梳理好,與最優(yōu)實(shí)力的產(chǎn)業(yè)資源去對(duì)接”,他這樣說(shuō)。
現(xiàn)在,章海威正致力于打造一個(gè)江南農(nóng)耕文化的村落園區(qū),整合村落中的建筑文化、民俗文化、種養(yǎng)植文化,在傳統(tǒng)村落的基礎(chǔ)上,藝術(shù)化現(xiàn)代化地提升村落功能,推動(dòng)智樸田園小鎮(zhèn)建設(shè),活化鄉(xiāng)村文化,振興鄉(xiāng)村。
Eighty years ago, two men in Big Road Zhang Village (Daluzhang) donated family property to build a school that brought a future to the village. Eight decades later, the torch relay was resumed by Zhang Haiwei, who set foot in his native soil and never wanted to leave again.
Bijiashan, a small hill named after its striking resemblance to a penholder, is a witness of the revitalization of Daluzhang Village in rural Linhai, Taizhou, in Zhejiang Province. In 1938, two educated men built a school for the villagers. The cultural seeds blossomed into a big dream in Zhang Haiwei, who was born in Daluzhang in 1983. Nine years ago, the man returned to the village to take the relay baton and fulfill a dream from childhood.
The village is the home of about 1,100 people, about one-third of which are well-educated professionals including about 100 teachers.
“Vernacular culture always fascinates me, and thats why I am back here,” Zhang Haiwei explained.
When he was a little child, Zhang Haiwei heard a lot of stories about the generosity of Zhang Kejiu and Zhang Kejun, who donated the best of their family land to build a primary school later known as Gangling School. Representing the villages first generation of college graduates, the two built the school from their own pocket to say thank you to an unsung hero – a teacher who turned a temple into a school for the villagers to have a taste of modern education.
Gangling School is remembered not only for its well-equipped facilities but for its ‘egalitarianism. The schools night programs were designed for the less-privileged children to get the education they deserved for free. The salary of all teachers came from the rent of the land owned by the Zhang family, making the school a truly philanthropic undertaking that laid a solid foundation of the villages cultural ethos.
Back here a rich man nine years ago, Zhang Haiwei went to see the school, only to find there was nothing to see except empty teaching buildings. He had had a life, made a lot of money and saw many of his dreams come true. Getting tired of the vanity fair, he was seeking a new outlet to release his nostalgia by collecting old articles from the countryside. Standing in front of the worn-down teaching buildings, Zhang Haiwei smelled the fragrance of native soil and found his ‘utopia.
He named his utopia after one of the teaching buildings. Over the years, he has put 30 million yuan into the reconstruction of this small hill like the fabled ‘Foolish Old Man who removed the mountains stone by stone. The centerpiece of the hill is Yu Zhi Lou, remade from the old houses built by the Zhang brothers.
“It has nothing to do with making money; I am doing what I can to protect the cultural legacy of the village from going up in smoke.” What Zhang Haiwei chose to do has been dismissed by many as eccentricity, but for him, the joy and fulfillment of following the footprints of the Zhang brothers is beyond all measure.
“I feel lonely all the time,” the man confessed, “Nowadays a like-minded friend is a luxury.”
A castle-style ancient architectural complex is taking shape on the hill. “The last thing I want to see myself doing is bragging about what I am doing. I hate broadcasting; and if you ask me what is the best about Yu Zhi Lou, Id say it is the fact that I did ‘nothing to it over the years. It is a pure place, free of pretentiousness. I am not a well-learned person. I am not a thinker, but I spent a lot of time thinking. I want to do what I can to contribute to rural rejuvenation.”
“A lot of hot money has been drawn into rural tourism in recent years, but it is time to worry about the ‘substance of todays rural prosperity,” Zhang Haiwei expressed his concern.
Zhang plans to turn the castle complex into an incubator for a new generation of local professionals of folk arts and crafts. He also hopes that creative and cultural entrepreneurs can operate their startups there. Zhang has an ambition to provide a cultural and modern base for his home village to flourish again.