張慧穎 付興情 蔡義玲 李亶燁 張建英 左愛學(xué)
中圖分類號(hào) R284.1;R284.2 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1001-0408(2018)02-0176-04
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2018.02.08
摘 要 目的:研究大理衛(wèi)矛的化學(xué)成分。方法:采用硅膠柱色譜、凝膠柱色譜、薄層色譜、半制備高效液相色譜對(duì)大理衛(wèi)矛乙醇提取物進(jìn)行分離純化,根據(jù)理化性質(zhì)和波譜數(shù)據(jù)(質(zhì)譜、氫譜和碳譜)分析鑒定化合物結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)果:從大理衛(wèi)矛乙醇提取物中分離得到10個(gè)化合物,分別鑒定為蒲公英賽醇(1)、槐二醇(2)、蒲公英萜酮(3)、Sorghumol(4)、十七烷酸(5)、十八烷酸(6)、β-谷甾醇(7)、胡蘿卜苷(8)、表木栓醇(9)、木栓酮(10)。結(jié)論:上述10個(gè)化合物均為首次從大理衛(wèi)矛中分離得到,化合物1、2、4、5、6為首次從衛(wèi)矛屬植物中分離得到。該研究為大理衛(wèi)矛的質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)奠定了一定基礎(chǔ)。
關(guān)鍵詞 大理衛(wèi)矛;化學(xué)成分;蒲公英賽醇;槐二醇;蒲公英萜酮;Sorghumol ;十七烷酸;十八烷酸;β-谷甾醇;胡蘿卜苷;表木栓醇;木栓酮
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Euonymus amygdalifolius. METHODS: Silica gel column chromatogram, gel column chromatogram, TLC and semi-preparative HPLC were adopted to isolate and purify ethanol extract from E. amygdalifolius. The structure of compounds was analyzed and identified according to physical and chemical properties, spectral data (mass spectrum, hydrogen spectrum and carbon spectrum). RESULTS: Ten compounds were isolated from ethanol extract of aerial part of E. amygdalifolius, i.e. taraxerol (1), sophoradiol (2), taraxerone (3), sorghumol (4), heptaecanoic acid (5), octadecenoic acid (6), β-Sitosterol (7), daucosterol (8), epifriedelinol (9) and friedelin (10). CONCLUSIONS: Above compounds are all isolated from E. amygdalifolius for the first time; compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 are isolated and obtained from Euonymus A. for the first time. The study lay a foundation for quality evaluation of E. amygdalifolius.
KEYWORDS Euonymus amygdalifolius; Chemical constituents; Taraxerol; Sophoradiol; Taraxerone; Sorghumol; Heptaecanoic acid; Octadecenoic acid; β-Sitosterol; Daucosterol; Epifriedelinol; Friedelin
衛(wèi)矛植物約有60屬、850種,其品種繁多、資源豐富,是中藥研發(fā)的重要種源,主要分布于熱帶、亞熱帶地區(qū),我國(guó)是其主產(chǎn)區(qū),覆蓋了111種、10個(gè)變種、4個(gè)變型[1]。大理衛(wèi)矛(Euonymus amygdalifolius)作為衛(wèi)矛屬植物,多產(chǎn)于云南、西藏(定結(jié))等高海拔地區(qū),在《西藏植物志》和《中國(guó)植物志》中均有收載,但至今未見其化學(xué)成分及生物活性的研究報(bào)道。為了闡明大理衛(wèi)矛的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),以為其質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)奠定一定基礎(chǔ),本課題組從大理衛(wèi)矛乙醇提取物中分離了10個(gè)化合物,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定。
1 材料
1.1 儀器
Autospec-3000型質(zhì)譜(MS)儀(英國(guó)Micromass公司); AM-400型、DRX-500型核磁共振(NMR)波譜儀(瑞士Bruker公司);Hei-VAP Value Digital G3 R型旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀(上海豫康科教儀器設(shè)備有限公司)。
1.2 試劑
Sephadex LH-20凝膠柱色譜(瑞典 Pharmacia公司);LC3000半制備高效液相色譜(北京創(chuàng)新通恒科技有限公司);YMC-Pack ODS-A硅膠柱色譜(日本YMC公司);硅膠(200~300目)、硅藻土(青島海洋化工廠);薄層色譜(TLC)硅膠板(煙臺(tái)大學(xué)生物科學(xué)與工程研究所);乙醇為色譜純,其余試劑均為工業(yè)純或化學(xué)純,水為純化水。
1.3 藥材
大理衛(wèi)矛樣品采于云南鶴慶地區(qū),經(jīng)云南中醫(yī)學(xué)院中藥鑒定教研室楊竹雅副教授鑒定為真品。
2 提取與分離
取干燥大理衛(wèi)矛樣品10 kg,粉碎,以95%乙醇溶液浸提2次,每次浸泡7 d。抽濾、減壓濃縮、回收溶劑,得黑色浸膏468.3 g。浸膏用丙酮溶解,硅藻土拌樣,經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,以石油醚-丙酮(60 ∶ 1、30 ∶ 1、20 ∶ 1、15 ∶ 1、12 ∶ 1、9 ∶ 1、8 ∶ 2、7.5 ∶ 2.5、5 ∶ 5,V/V)梯度洗脫,經(jīng)TLC分離、鑒別,得8個(gè)流分(D1~D8)。
流分D1(38.3 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(30 ∶ 1、20 ∶ 1、10 ∶ 1、4 ∶ 1,V/V)梯度洗脫,得D1A~D1D。其中,D1C經(jīng)凝膠柱色譜[三氯甲烷-甲醇(1 ∶ 1,V/V)]分離純化,重結(jié)晶,得化合物3(21.3 mg)。D1B經(jīng)半制備高效液相色譜,以甲醇-水(9 ∶ 1,V/V)等度洗脫,得化合物5(138.3 mg)、化合物6(48.3 mg)。D1D經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜層析,以石油醚-丙酮(25 ∶ 1,V/V)等度洗脫,收集洗脫液,經(jīng)TCL分離、鑒別,合并相同部分,重結(jié)晶,得化合物4(11.3 mg);母液繼續(xù)經(jīng)凝膠柱色譜[三氯甲烷-甲醇(1 ∶ 1,V/V)]分離純化,得化合物9(14.0 mg)。
流分D2(28.5 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,以石油醚-二氯甲烷-丙酮(4 ∶ 1 ∶ 0.1,V/V/V)等度洗脫,收集洗脫液,經(jīng)TLC分離、鑒別,合并相同部分,得D2A~D2C。其中,D2A經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜層析,以石油醚-丙酮(20 ∶ 1、15 ∶ 1、10 ∶ 1,V/V)梯度洗脫,收集洗脫液,重結(jié)晶,得化合物1(25.4 mg)。D2B經(jīng)凝膠柱色譜[三氯甲烷-甲醇(1 ∶ 1,V/V)] 分離純化,重結(jié)晶,得化合物7(234.2 mg)。D2C經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,以石油醚-丙酮(15 ∶ 1、10 ∶ 1,V/V)梯度洗脫,收集洗脫液,經(jīng)凝膠柱色譜[三氯甲烷-甲醇(1 ∶ 1,V/V)] 分離純化,重結(jié)晶,得化合物2(10.2 mg)。
流分D5(21.3 g)以丙酮溶解,硅膠拌樣,經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜層析,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(10 ∶ 1、8 ∶ 2、7.5 ∶ 2.5、1 ∶ 1,V/V)梯度洗脫,收集洗脫液,經(jīng)TLC分離、鑒別,合并相同部分,重結(jié)晶,得化合物8(16.5 mg)、化合物10(12.0 mg)。
3 結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定
化合物1:白色粉末;熔點(diǎn)(mp):271~273 ℃。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:3.40(1H,m,H-3),0.97(3H,s,H-23),0.80(3H,s,H-24),0.92(3H,s,H-25),1.09(3H,s,H-26),0.91(3H,s,H-27),0.82(3H,s,H-28),0.95(3H,s,H-29),0.90(3H,s,H-30)。13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:37.5(C-1),27.7(C-2),78.0(C-3),40.8(C-4),55.2(C-5),18.4(C-6),35.2(C-7),38.5(C-8),48.3(C-9),37.5(C-10),17.0(C-11),36.1(C-12),37.2(C-13),157.6(C-14),116.3(C-15),37.1(C-16),37.5(C-17),48.8(C-18),40.9(C-19),27.8(C-20),33.2(C-21),32.6(C-22),27.8(C-23),15.4(C-24),15.4(C-25),29.3(C-26),25.4(C-27),28.2(C-28),32.8(C-29),20.8(C-30)。與文獻(xiàn)[2-3]對(duì)照,其波譜數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,可確定該化合物為蒲公英賽醇(Taraxerol)。
化合物2:白色粉末;mp:219~220 ℃。1H-NMR(400 MHz,C5D5N)δ:3.44(1H,m,H-3),5.20(1H,brs,H-12),3.84(1H,m,H-22),0.89(3H,s,H-23),0.77(3H,s,H-24),0.97(3H,s,H-25),1.02(3H,s,H-26),1.09(3H,s,H-27),0.85(3H,s,H-28),0.95(3H,s,H-29),0.92(3H,s,H-30)。13C-NMR (100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:39.2(C-1),27.9(C-2),77.9(C-3),39.2(C-4),55.5(C-5),18.6(C-6),33.4(C-7),40.0(C-8),47.9(C-9),37.0(C-10),23.7(C-11),122.3(C-12),144.4(C-13),42.3(C-14),26.2(C-15),28.5(C-16),38.7(C-17),43.7(C-18),46.5(C-19),31.4(C-20),42.3(C-21),74.9(C-22),27.9(C-23),15.6(C-24),16.8(C-25),16.9(C-26),26.0(C-27),19.5(C-28),33.5(C-29),28.5(C-30)。與文獻(xiàn)[4]對(duì)照,其波譜數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,可確定該化合物為槐二醇(Sophoradiol)。
化合物3:白色粉末;mp:239~240 ℃。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.57(1H,dd,J=4.0,8.0 Hz,H-15),1.06(3H,s,H-23),1.01(3H,s,H-24),1.11(3H,s,H-25),1.16(3H,s,H-26),0.91(3H,s,H-27),0.83(3H,s,H-28),0.95(3H,s,H-29),0.92(3H,s,H-30)。13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 38.3(C-1),34.1(C-2),217.5(C-3),47.6(C-4),55.8(C-5),20.0(C-6),34.1(C-7),38.4(C-8),48.7(C-9),36.7(C-10),17.4(C-11),35.1(C-12),37.7(C-13),157.6(C-14),117.2(C-15),36.7(C-16),37.7(C-17),48.8(C-18),40.6(C-19),29.8(C-20),33.6(C-21),33.4(C-22),26.1(C-23),21.5(C-24),14.8(C-25),29.9(C-26),25.6(C-27),29.9(C-28),33.6(C-29),21.4(C-30)。與文獻(xiàn)[5]對(duì)照,其波譜數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,可確定該化合物為蒲公英萜酮(Taraxerone)。
化合物4:白色粉末;mp:276~278 ℃。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:3.22(1H,dd,J=4.0,11.5 Hz,H-3),5.23(1H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-11),1.66(2H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-12),0.98(3H,s,H-23),0.82(3H,s,H-24),1.03(3H,s,H-25),0.81(3H,s,H-26),0.77(3H,s,H-27),0.76(3H,s,H-28),0.83(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-29),0.89(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-30)。13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:36.0(C-1),27.8(C-2),79.8(C-3),39.0(C-4),52.3(C-5),21.4(C-6),26.6(C-7),40.9(C-8),148.8(C-9),39.6(C-10),114.3(C-11),35.9(C-12),38.1(C-13),36.7(C-14),29.6(C-15),36.0(C-16),42.8(C-17),52.0(C-18),20.1(C-19),28.2(C-20),59.6(C-21),30.7(C-22),26.7(C-23),15.5(C-24),22.1(C-25),17.0(C-26),15.2(C-27),13.9(C-28),23.0(C-29),21.4(C-30)。與文獻(xiàn)[6]對(duì)照,其波譜數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,可確定該化合物為Sorghumol。
化合物5:白色粉末。電噴霧電離(ESI)-MS:m/z 293 [M+Na]+;1H-NMR(400 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 2.36(2H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-2),1.65(2H,m,H-3),1.27(26H,brs,H-4~H-16),0.90(3H,t,J=7.0 Hz,H-17)。13C-NMR(100 MHz,C5D5N)δ:175.7(C-1),34.0(C-2),24.6(C-3),29.0~29.7(C-4~C-14),31.9(C-15),22.7(C-16),14.1(C-17)。 與文獻(xiàn)[7]對(duì)照,其波譜數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,可確定該化合物為十七烷酸(Heptaecanoic acid)。
化合物 6:白色蠟狀固體;mp:62~63 ℃。1H-NMR(400 MHz,C5D5N)δ:2.34(2H,t,J=8.0 Hz,H-2),1.63(2H,m,H-3),1.26(28H,s,H-4~H-17),0.95(3H,t,J=7.0 Hz,H-18)。13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 180.1(C-l),34.1(C-2),31.9(C-3),28.0~31.0(C-4~C-15),24.7(C-16),22.7(C-17),14.4(C-18)。與文獻(xiàn)[8]對(duì)照,其波譜數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,可確定該化合物為十八烷酸(Octadecenoic acid)。
化合物 7:白色鱗片狀晶體;mp:135~136 ℃。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:3.55(1H,m,H-3),0.71(3H,s,H-18),1.03(3H,s,H-19),0.94(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz,H-21),0.86(3H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-26),0.84(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-27),0.87(3H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-29)。13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 37.8(C-1),32.3(C-2),71.3(C-3),43.4(C-4),142.1(C-5),121.2(C-6),32.6(C-7),32.3(C-8),50.5(C-9),36.9(C-10),21.3(C-11),40.0(C-12),42.5(C-13),56.8(C-14),24.5(C-15),28.6(C-16),56.3(C-17),12.2(C-18),20.0(C-19),36.4(C-20),19.7(C-21),34.2(C-22),26.4(C-23),46.0(C-24),29.4(C-25),18.9(C-26),19.2(C-27),23.3(C-28),12.2(C-29)。與文獻(xiàn)[9]對(duì)照,其波譜數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,可確定該化合物為β-谷甾醇(β-Sitosterol)。
化合物8:淡黃色無(wú)定形粉末;mp:283~285 ℃。1H-NMR(400 MHz,C5D5N)δ:3.96(1H,m,H-3),5.38(1H,t,J=3.2 Hz,H-6),0.64(3H,s,H-18),0.92(3H,s,H-19),0.97(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-21),0.86 (3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-26),0.84 (3H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-27),0.87(3H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-29),5.09(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-1′),4.35(1H,dd,J=12.0,2.0 Hz,H-6′ a),4.55(1H,dd,J=11.6,5.2 Hz,H-6′ b)。13C-NMR(100 MHz,C5D5N)δ:37.7(C-1),30.8(C-2),79.5(C-3),38.8(C-4),142.4(C-5),123.2(C-6),33.4(C-7),31.6(C-8),51.7(C-9),37.7(C-10),21.3(C-11),40.7(C-12),43.8(C-13),58.2(C-14),24.7(C-15),27.8(C-16),57.6(C-17),13.3(C-18),20.5(C-19),35.5(C-20),20.3(C-21),33.4(C-22),25.8(C-23),47.3(C-24),30.8(C-25),20.7(C-26),20.7(C-27),22.6(C-28),13.5(C-29),103.9(C-1′),76.6(C-2′),79.7(C-3′),73.1(C-4′ ),79.7(C-5′ ),64.2(C-6′ )。與文獻(xiàn)[9]對(duì)照,其波譜數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,可確定該化合物為胡蘿卜苷(Daucosterol)。
化合物9:白色針狀結(jié)晶;mp:279~280 ℃。1H-NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.82(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-23),0.98(3H,s,H-24),0.93(1H,s,H-25),0.99(3H,s,H-26),1.09(3H,s,H-27),1.18(3H,s,H-28),1.11(3H,s,H-29),0.99(3H,s,H-30)。13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3) δ:18.0(C-1),35.4(C-2),72.2(C-3),53.0(C-4),38.2(C-5),41.4(C-6),17.9(C-7),53.2(C-8),37.1(C-9),60.1(C-10),35.6(C-11),30.6(C-12),38.3(C-13),39.7(C-14),32.4(C-15),36.1(C-16),30.0(C-17),42.7(C-18),35.4(C-19),28.2(C-20),32.8(C-21),39.3(C-22),10.4(C-23),14.7(C-24),18.2(C-25),20.2 (C-26),18.7 (C-27),32.1 (C-28),31.9 (C-29),35.0 (C-30)。與文獻(xiàn)[10]對(duì)照,其波譜數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,可確定該化合物為表木栓醇(Epifriedelinol)。
化合物10:白色粉末;mp:259~260 ℃。1H-NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.87(3H,s,H-23),0.73(3H,s,H-24),0.89(3H,s,H-25),0.93(3H,s,H-26),1.05(3H,s,H-27),1.18(3H,s,H-28),1.01(3H,s,H-29),1.00(3H,s,H-30)。13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:22.3(C-1),41.5(C-2),213.1(C-3),58.2(C-4),42.0(C-5),41.3(C-6),18.2(C-7),53.1(C-8),36.0(C-9),59.5(C-10),35.6(C-11),30.5(C-12),39.3(C-13),39.3(C-14),32.4(C-15),36.0(C-16),30.5(C-17),41.5(C-18),35.6(C-19),30.5(C-20),32.4(C-21),39.3(C-22),6.8(C-23),14.7(C-24),18.0(C-25),20.3(C-26),18.7(C-27),32.1(C-28),35.0(C-29),31.8(C-30)。與文獻(xiàn)[11]對(duì)照,其波譜數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,可確定該化合物為木栓酮(Friedelin)。
4 討論
本試驗(yàn)從大理衛(wèi)矛乙醇提取物中分離得到了化合物1~10,分別鑒定為蒲公英賽醇(Taraxerol)、槐二醇(Sophoradiol)、蒲公英萜酮(Taraxerone)、Sorghumol、十七烷酸(Heptaecanoic acid)、十八烷酸(Octadecenoic acid)、β-谷甾醇(β-Sitosterol)、胡蘿卜苷(Daucosterol)、表木栓醇(Eepifriedelinol)、木栓酮(Friedelin);其中化合物1、2、3、4、9、10為五環(huán)三萜類,化合物5、6為脂肪酸,化合物7、8為甾體。所有化合物均為首次從大理衛(wèi)矛中分離得到,化合物1、2、4、5、6為首次從衛(wèi)矛屬植物中分離得到。本研究結(jié)果可為大理衛(wèi)矛的質(zhì)量建立及開發(fā)提供一定參考。
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(收稿日期:2017-06-17 修回日期:2017-07-18)
(編輯:張 靜)