1. aim n. 目標(biāo)；目的；瞄準(zhǔn)

（1） aim用作名詞，表示“目的；目標(biāo)”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞；表示“瞄準(zhǔn)”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。

John has only one aim in life—to be a film star.

約翰一生只有一個(gè)目標(biāo)——成為電影明星。

Take careful aim at the lion.

仔細(xì)瞄準(zhǔn)那頭獅子。

（2） aim后常接at。

He took aim at the bird， but missed.

他向鳥瞄準(zhǔn)，但沒射中。

aim v. 瞄準(zhǔn)；力求達(dá)到；力爭(zhēng)做到

He aimed his gun at the bird， but did not fire.

他用槍瞄準(zhǔn)鳥，但沒開槍。

（1） aim后一般接at doing sth，有時(shí)其后也接for，表示希望達(dá)到某個(gè)目標(biāo)。

Theyre aiming at training everybody.

他們正力求做到人人得到培訓(xùn)。

We should aim for the best results.

我們要力爭(zhēng)取得最好的結(jié)果。

（2） aim后接不定式，表示“想要做某事”（有時(shí)可與aim at doing sth互換）。

He aims to become （= at becoming） a computer expert.

他想成為計(jì)算機(jī)專家。

（3）“實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)”在英語中要用動(dòng)詞achieve，一般不用reach。

Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims.

要讓每個(gè)人都有機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。

2. equipment n. 設(shè)備；裝備

（1） equipment和facility都可譯作“設(shè)備；器材”，但equipment是不可數(shù)名詞，指用于某一特殊目的的東西、供給品、裝備等。如：a piece of equipment；basic kitchen equipment；medical/office equipment。

（2） facility是可數(shù)名詞，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。facilities指為特殊活動(dòng)或目的所提供的種種便利，包括設(shè)施、場(chǎng)所和服務(wù)等。如：production facilities；facilities for study；facilities for travel；sports facilities；shopping/banking/ cooking facilities。

3. form vi. & vt. 形成；產(chǎn)生；養(yǎng)成；培養(yǎng)

n. 形式；類型、表格

One of the most important tasks for a school is to help form a childs character.

學(xué)校的一個(gè)最重要任務(wù)就是要幫助兒童形成個(gè)性。

Flowers appeared， but fruits failed to form.

開了花，但沒有結(jié)果。

The disease can take several different forms.

這種疾病可能有幾種不同的形式。

Music is not like most other art forms.

音樂不像其他多數(shù)種類的藝術(shù)類型。

fill out/complete a form 填表

常用搭配：

form good habits 養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣

4. boil vt. 煮；煮沸

The water was bubbling and boiling.

水在咕嚕咕嚕地沸騰著。

Boil plenty of salted water， and then add the spaghetti.

把足量的鹽水燒開，再放入意大利面條。

boil down 煮濃；熬濃

boil up 把（液體或食物）燒開

5. react vi. 起反應(yīng)；（對(duì)……）做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)

Local residents have reacted angrily to the news.

當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駥?duì)這一消息表示憤怒。

How did Wilson react to your idea？

威爾遜對(duì)你的想法有什么反應(yīng)？

（1） react （with sth） 起化學(xué)反應(yīng)；發(fā)生物理變化

Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.

鐵和水及空氣發(fā)生反應(yīng)，產(chǎn)生鐵銹。

（2） react against 反對(duì)；反抗

He reacted strongly against artistic conventions of his time.

他強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的藝術(shù)俗套。

6. astonished adj. 吃驚的；驚愕的

（1） be astonished at/by... 對(duì)……感到驚訝

I was astonished at his behaviour.

我對(duì)他的行為感到十分驚訝。

（2） be astonished to find/hear/learn/see... 吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)/聽到/知道/看見……

We were astonished to hear that their football team had won the champion.

聽說他們的足球隊(duì)獲得了冠軍，我們很是吃驚。

（3） be astonished that... 驚訝于……

She seemed astonished that I had ever been to Paris.

我曾去過巴黎，這使她十分驚訝。

7. conclusion n. 結(jié)論

（1） come to/draw/reach a/the conclusion 得出結(jié)論

Ive come to the conclusion that hes not the right person for the job.

我斷定他不適合做這項(xiàng)工作。

We can draw some conclusions from our discussion.

從討論中我們可以得出一些結(jié)論。

It took me some time to reach the conclusion.

我花了很長時(shí)間才得出結(jié)論。

（2） in conclusion 最后；總之

In conclusion， I would like to thank you for all you have done for me.

最后，我要感謝你為我做的一切。

conclude vt. 斷定；推斷出；得出結(jié)論

8. used to do 過去（常常）做某事

Were eating out more often than we used to.

我們現(xiàn)在出去吃飯的次數(shù)比以前多了。

Did they use to play football？

他們過去經(jīng)常踢足球嗎？

（1） be used to doing sth 習(xí)慣做某事

I am used to going to school by bus.

我習(xí)慣乘公交車去學(xué)校。

（2） be used to do 被用來做（表示被動(dòng)）

Wood is used to make paper.

木頭被用來造紙。

9. add... to... 往……加入……

If you add five to five， you get ten.

五加五得十。

Please add my name to the list.

請(qǐng)?jiān)诿麊紊霞由衔业拿帧?/p>

Will you add more sugar to your coffee？

你的咖啡要多加些糖嗎？

（1） add in 包括；把……加進(jìn)去

Dont forget to add me in.

別忘了把我也算上。

（2） add up to 加起來等于；總計(jì)

The costs added up to 1000 dollars.

費(fèi)用總計(jì)為1000美元。

（3） add to 使（數(shù)量、程度）增加；使（規(guī)模）擴(kuò)大

The bad weather only added to our difficulties.

惡劣的天氣只是增加了我們的困難。

10. be supposed to 應(yīng)當(dāng)；理應(yīng)

在be supposed to中，to是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)，不是介詞，其后要跟動(dòng)詞原形。

（1） 當(dāng)be supposed to的主語是“人”時(shí)，意為“應(yīng)該；被期望”，它可以用來表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等，相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should。

Everyone is supposed to wear a seat belt in the car.

每個(gè)人在汽車?yán)锒紤?yīng)該系安全帶。

Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike.

老師應(yīng)該對(duì)所有的學(xué)生一視同仁。

（2） be supposed to后接“have+過去分詞”，表示“應(yīng)該做某事而沒做（到）”。

You are supposed to have handed in your homework by now.

你現(xiàn)在本該已把作業(yè)交上來了。

He is supposed to have arrived an hour ago.

他本該一小時(shí)前就到了。

（3） be supposed to的否定結(jié)構(gòu)為be not supposed to，意為“不被許可；不應(yīng)當(dāng)”。

You are not supposed to walk on the grass.

不準(zhǔn)踐踏草地。

You are not supposed to smoke on the bus.

你不應(yīng)該在公共汽車上吸煙。

11. be proud of 為……感到驕傲/自豪

You will be proud of me. 你會(huì)以我為榮的。

Its nothing to be proud of. 這沒有什么可驕傲的。

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

A

Everyone has probably seen a movie or two about robots going against man. As a kid it was interesting， but not a reality. But today， when we look at how far scientists have come， its not just a funny thought but a real possibility.

Honda has already created a robot with eyes， legs， arms and hands and it can act just like a person. There is no end to what a robot could do in the future. Just think what we can do in twenty to thirty years. Were dealing with almost an entire new species （種類） of human-like robots that could be cleverer than us. Can we continue to use these robots in a way that they serve us， or will they become so wise that they will want independence （獨(dú)立）？

I am really not sure just how far scientists are going to perfect robots. But once this type of robot is made， they will be able to think， make decisions， sense the movement of others and decide what it wants to do.

A new invention has led to the introduction of a female robot， which was introduced at an entertainment show in Vegas. The robot called Roxy sells for between seven and ten thousand dollars. It is built to accompany （陪伴） females. This female （女性的） robot companion is called true companion and you can find such robots on the Internet. Robots used to have limited uses， but now they are almost in every field. This has opened the door to many dangerous possibilities in the future.

1. Why does the writer mention movies about robots？

A. To lead to the topic of the passage.

B. To prove robots can go against man.

C. To show that people are interested in robots.

D. To explain why robots are liked by film makers.

2. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 suggest？

A. There is an end to the development of robots.

B. Robots may be able to do anything in the future.

C. Robots will look exactly like human beings soon.

D. Human beings dont know what kind of robot they want.

3. According to the writer， a perfect robot .

A. can think as human beings do

B. will always serve human beings

C. will surely go against human beings

D. is still not as clever as human beings

4. It is implied in the passage that the writer worries that .

A. human beings cannot create a perfect robot

B. robots may be harmful in the future

C. robots may be hard to recognize

D. robots have limited uses

B

British scientists have discovered the willow trees planted at an angle （角度） could increase sugars for biofuel production.

Willow is fast-growing. It is already used to produce fuels for the renewable heating and power market. In future it could also help to produce biofuel to power vehicles. It has been known that when willows growing in the wild are blown sideways they produce more sugars. But for a while it has not been known why this happens.

Researchers at Imperial College London， led by Dr Nicholas Brereton and Dr Michael Ray of the Department of Life Sciences， have now solved the mystery. When the tree is blown sideways， its genes （基因） produce large numbers of sugar molecules （分子） to straighten the tree upwards.

“This is an important breakthrough. Our study now shows that natural genetic changes are related to these differences. And this could well be the key to unlocking the future for green energy from willow，” said Dr Brereton.

The research was carried out under lab conditions. The willows were grown at an angle of 45 degrees. They were compared to willows which grow naturally straight upwards. The team then looked for the same effect among the willows growing on the Isle of Orkney where strong winds cause the trees to bend at extreme angles. They discovered that the Orkney trees produce five times the amount of sugars found in willows grown in sheltered conditions.

Willow is widely planted across the UK. The results show that biofuel crops such as willows could be grown in climatically challenging conditions where chances of growing food crops are limited.

The study is published in Biotechnology for Biofuels.

5. What may happen when willows are planted in strong winds？

A. They will stop growing.

B. They will grow sideways.

C. Few sugars will be produced.

D. Changes in genes will take place.

6. What can we learn from the passage about the Orkney willows？

A. They are unusually rich in sugars.

B. They grow naturally straight upwards.

C. They looked taller than ordinary willows.

D. They are stronger than those growing in labs.

7. Farmers living in challenging climate .

A. use biofuel for heating and power

B. are encouraged to grow biofuel crops

C. can plant different kinds of food crops

D. should make their willows grow straight

8. Where does this passage probably come from？

A. A personal diary. B. A newspaper ad.

C. A scientific journal. D. A travel magazine.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

完形填空

Once upon a time there lived on the bank of a river a miller （磨坊主）. He was singing happily. People all over the land liked to talk about his pleasant . At last the king him.

“Ill go down and with him，” he said. “Perhaps he can tell me how to be .”

As soon as he stepped into the mill， he heard the miller ， “I envy （羨慕） nobody， for Im as happy as I can be. And nobody envies me.”

“Youre ， my friend，” said the king. “I envy you， and I would gladly change with you if I could only be as light-hearted as you are.”

The miller smiled， and to the king. “Im sure I couldnt think of changing places with you， sir，” he said.

“Now me，” said the king， “what makes you so cheerful here in your dusty mill， I， who am king， am sad and in every day.”

The miller smiled and said， “I dont know why you are sad， but I can tell you why Im glad. I earn my own bread， I love my family and my friends， and I dont need to a penny. Why should I not be happy？ For every day the river my mill， and the mill grinds （碾碎） the that feeds my family.”

“Say no more，” said the king. “ where you are， and be happy still. Your dusty cap is more valuable than my crown （王冠）. Your mill does more for you than my can do for me. If there were more such men as you， what a good place this

would be！”

1. A. seldom B. never C. sometimes D. always

2. A. taste B. holiday C. ways D. meals

3. A. heard about B. thought of

C. cared about D. discussed with

4. A. work B. talk C. live D. walk

5. A. rich B. happy C. free D. kind

6. A. singing B. shouting C. dancing D. talking

7. A. weak B. poor C. foolish D. wrong

8. A. farms B. horses C. places D. seats

9. A. moved B. bowed C. pointed D. went

10. A. tell B. offer C. remind D. pass

11. A. or B. and C. while D. for

12. A. fact B. trouble C. silence D. danger

13. A. easily B. slowly C. quickly D. successfully

14. A. give B. spare C. borrow D. collect

15. A. cleans B. shakes C. washes D. turns

16. A. meat B. egg C. corn D. cake

17. A. Stay B. Sleep C. Study D. Drive

18. A. red B. new C. big D. golden

19. A. company B. office C. store D. kingdom

20. A. factory B. world C. village D. street

語法填空

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Scientists are interested in whether the sense of smell is related to pain. They are also curious about it is the same for both sexes. Now， the study has proved that for women， （please） smells reduce pain. For men， there is almost no change.

Dr Finkelstein has been studying smells 1999. He says that scientists have already collected data from 40 volunteers. He adds that this year， scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be a better position （analyse） the results.

One （explain） is that womens sense of smell is （well） developed than that of men， and is linked to （recognize） the smell of babies. Scientists （use） to believe that mothers recognize their children by sight only. Now they have become （convince） that the sense of smell also helps. However， why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men remains puzzle for scientists.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

閱讀理解

A

When I looked at the grade on my math paper my jaw （下巴） almost dropped to the ground： a big “65” in bright red ink. I had never received such a terrible grade before.

I was so ashamed that when I got home that afternoon I lied to my dad. I told him I got 85 and that the report wouldnt come until the end of the month. Dad smiled. His daughter would never lie about her grade， so he didnt doubt the unusual delay （延遲） of my report.

A month later， Dad casually asked me again about the report at the dinner table. He looked right into my eyes and asked for an answer. Having no choice. I told him that I had in fact got just 65 in my math final. I had lied because I didnt want to let him down.

For a moment， he just looked at me. I would have preferred a telling off （斥責(zé)） than that silence. Finally， Dad said， in a hurt voice， “You have already let me down， with your lie. I am not disappointed at your math score. That is no big deal—no one can be perfect all the time. But I am very disappointed in you. If you cant be honest with your dad， who can you be honest with？ Its much easier to achieve a better grade than rebuild someone elses trust in you.”

Dads words touched my heart. I couldnt forgive myself for having hurt his feelings. I took out the report that I had been hiding for weeks， handed to him and apologized， sincerely. I realized that my honesty is not only important to me personally， but to those around me that truly care about me.

In one of Shakespeares plays a character says， “No legacy （遺產(chǎn)） is so rich as honesty.” After the crisis between Dad and me， I began to understand those words.

1. The first paragraph suggests that the author ___ .

A. is bad at math

B. usually gets a higher grade

C. never expected the teachers to treat her badly

D. was once punished by her father for a bad grade

2. Why did the author tell her father the truth finally？

A. Her father was so serious.

B. She realized it was wrong to lie.

C. It had been too long since she lied.

D. She didnt want to let her father down any more.

3. Why did her father stay silent after she told him the truth？

A. He didnt understand her.

B. He was deeply hurt by her.

C. He felt unhappy with the grade.

D. He was thinking about what to say.

4. What does the author mainly want to tell us？

A. Its foolish to lie to parents.

B. Its hard to be a good student.

C. Its very important to be honest.

D. Its necessary to meet parents requirement.

B

In the modern world more and more people meet the problem of identity. The most interesting example is that of a so-called “banana”， which refers to an American who has an Asian face but holds Western value.

In Shanghai， there now live a group of people from abroad. They dont look different from the locals and speak fluent Chinese or even Shanghai dialect， but when it comes to writing Chinese characters， they are almost illiterate （文盲）. Jack is such an example. He never learned to read or write Chinese characters， which he finds mysterious and difficult. “But when I am in the States， I feel thats not my home either，” he said.

At De Gaulle Airport in France， there is a Swiss man who has been living in the waiting room for a long time because he lost his passport during his travels. He was refused entry into several countries. But when he was eventually allowed to return to Switzerland， he refused to leave the airport. His reason was very simple—“I am sure who I am. I need no acknowledgement from others，” he said during an interview. For this reason he was honored by the Western media as “the Hero of identity.”

As the Internet becomes more and more popular， the problem of identity becomes more serious. In a virtual world， people can have different addresses registered with different names. In the Internet chat room， even ones gender （性別） is hard to determine.It seems that in the global village， people are saying hello every day to each other without knowing whom they are talking to.

What will be the next crisis （危機(jī)） of identity？ With the development of cloning technology， it might be： who is the real “I”？

5. What does the underlined word “banana” in Paragraph 1 refer to？

A. America-born Asian.

B. American born in Asia.

C. American travelling to Asia.

D. American keeping Eastern culture.

6. Why did the Swiss man have to live in De Gaulle Airport？

A. He needed to board a plane at the right time.

B. He needed others acknowledgement.

C. He lost his passport at the airport.

D. He couldnt prove who he was.

7. Whats the authors opinion on the problem of identity？

A. Internet technology helps solve it.

B. People dont need to worry about it.

C. Only people travelling abroad have this problem.

D. There will be more problems relating to identity in the future.

8. What does the passage mainly talk about？

A. The crisis of identity.

B. The importance of identity.

C. Difficulty in living in foreign countries.

D. Differences between Eastern and Western cultures.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（四）

閱讀理解

When I was seven years old， my family made me an ant farm. First， we put clean sand in a thin glass box. Then we waited for the ants to arrive.

After the ants were in the glass farm， they started to make tunnels （隧道）. I was amazed that each one knew exactly what to do. Each had its own job.

On the fifth day a tragedy happened. I put my face so close to the glass farm that I knocked it over.

All the tunnels fell down. Although the ants remained alive after their earthquake， one by one they began to die. I was scared as I watched them give up building their tunnels to carry the bodies to a corner of the farm.

My mother said that the ants were dying of sadness. They simply could not stand that their tunnels were gone.

Although much time has passed， I still think of that ant farm. Mom had hoped it would teach me about the natural world， but it taught me much more.

Over the years， I came to realize the importance of teamwork. Working together， the ants were able to make an amazing world for themselves. I also learned that they should be admired for their hard work.

But there was an even larger lesson that I did not realize until recently： adversity （苦難） is a natural part of life， and must be accepted. Unlike the ants， we cannot give up when we are sad. We have to realize that if a tunnel is gone， we must build another.

Giving up， I say， is not a good choice.

1. What did the writers family do for him when he was seven？

A. They built a farm of ants. B. They bought a few ants.

C. They caught a lot of ants. D. They found an ant city.

2. Which is the correct order of the events in the story？

a. All the tunnels fell down.

b. The ants died one by one.

c. The ants got into the glass box.

d. The ants began making tunnels.

A. a-b-c-d B. a-c-d-b

C. c-d-a-b D. c-a-d-b

3. What did the writer come to realize a few years later？

A. Teamwork is important.

B. He cant accept adversity.

C. Working alone is amazing.

D. Working together will waste time.

4. What should be the best title for the passage？

A. Ants Fear Adversity B. My Family and Ant

C. Giving up in Adversity D. A Lesson from Ants

閱讀七選五

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

The liver processes all foods and most drugs in the body. It stores iron reserves， vitamins， minerals and aids in digestion. It removes poison from drugs， alcohol and much more. Eating right is the most important element of maintaining a healthy liver.

Start with healthy oils.

Include healthy oils into your daily diet. You can easily accomplish this by cooking most of your food with natural oils. Natural oils are better for your liver than artificial butters. Limit fat intake.

Your liver also processes fat. And your liver may have difficulty breaking it all down. This can lead to the production of rancid free radicals （腐臭的自由基） that can damage liver cells.

Go organic.

Again， the liver is responsible for removing toxins （毒素）， so the less toxins you put in there， the easier the job is for your liver.

Vegetables and fruits that are bright in color are the best. For example， red， orange， yellow， purple and dark green vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins A and C and contain much-needed antioxidants （抗氧化物）.

A. Reduce sugar.

B. Try to avoid meat or fish.

C. This will vary based on different factors.

D. When you eat too much， it gathers in your liver.

E. The more green foods you eat， the better you will feel.

F. Thats why making sure its healthy is vital to your health.

G. These items have more chemicals and make your liver work

harder.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（五）

選詞填空

用方框里單詞的正確形式填空，使其句意完整。每空一詞，有兩個(gè)詞是多余的。

rust form react electricity facility aim

float liquid lecture contract boil flame

1. Be careful when using ____ equipment.

2. If you add too much ____ ， the mixture will not be thick enough.

3. I saw some fallen leaves ____ in the river.

4. Youd better keep the iron away from the water to avoid ____ .

5. What was your mothers ____ to the news？

6. The ____ were growing higher and higher.

7. Professor Wang will give us two ____ tomorrow morning.

8. Ice ____ at the temperature of 0℃.

9. Its a very high office building with modern ____ .

10. Do you want a（n） ____ egg for breakfast？

句子翻譯

1. 知道金屬如何與不同物質(zhì)反應(yīng)是很重要的。（react with）

2. 將來人類能住到月球上嗎？現(xiàn)在下結(jié)論還為時(shí)過早。（too… to）

3. 他為自己沒有放棄而感到驕傲。（be proud of）

4. 他過去住在巴黎，但現(xiàn)在住在北京。（used to）

5. 你應(yīng)該幾點(diǎn)到那兒？（be supposed to）

短文改錯(cuò)

In our life， we often regret what we did and which we couldnt do. Actually， it doesnt benefit us at all. As for most of us， we missed many chance to earn more money， to get a high position and to realize our dreams. We often regret that we dont seize those opportunities， thus feel upset. Although we do know regretting the past is no benefit， but we still cant help doing it.

To avoid the problem below， we need to pay more attention to what you are doing now， making us busier and having no time to recall the past. Moreover， wed better set reasonably goals one by one. Only by doing so can we struggle for our future better.

書面表達(dá)

假如你班將在英語課上對(duì)“飲食習(xí)慣”這一話題進(jìn)行討論。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列提示，用英語寫一篇發(fā)言稿，談?wù)勀銓?duì)此的看法。

要點(diǎn)提示：

1. 不良的飲食習(xí)慣；

2. 良好的飲食習(xí)慣；

3. 你的看法。

注意：

詞數(shù)100左右（開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）。

Dear friends，

As we all know， we are what we eat. Therefore，its very important for us to form healthy eating habits.

Thats all. Thank you！