劉俏言

來(lái)自21個(gè)國(guó)家的28名漢語(yǔ)愛好者，9月匯聚在浙江工商大學(xué)，青年漢語(yǔ)家研修計(jì)劃（杭州）在這里開班。這次活動(dòng)由文化和旅游部主辦，浙江省文化廳、浙江省社會(huì)科學(xué)院、浙江工商大學(xué)共同承辦。

這些有著不同膚色、不同學(xué)歷的研修者，因?yàn)椤皾h語(yǔ)”這個(gè)共同的愛好聚集在了一起。他們觀賞西湖、考察歷史，在深入學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)言文化的同時(shí)，也續(xù)寫了屬于他們各自的“中國(guó)故事”。

蘇爾就是這個(gè)研修班中的一員。這位來(lái)自波蘭的女生在大學(xué)時(shí)開始研習(xí)漢語(yǔ)，自此，一扇大門向她敞開，里面是她從未見過(guò)的世界。

“如果來(lái)到中國(guó)是偶然，那么回到中國(guó)就是必然”

如果非要找一個(gè)學(xué)漢語(yǔ)的理由，那或許就是她“喜歡挑戰(zhàn)高難度”的性格使然吧。蘇爾是這樣說(shuō)的。

在采訪之前，漢語(yǔ)研修班的負(fù)責(zé)人一度擔(dān)心她是否能夠和我無(wú)障礙地交流。她抬起雙手，聳聳肩膀，用略帶山東口音的普通話對(duì)他說(shuō)：“沒啥問(wèn)題，你放心好了，我可以的。”

落座后，蘇爾笑著和我打招呼，對(duì)于中國(guó)慣用的開場(chǎng)白和客套顯得無(wú)比了解和熟絡(luò)。而事實(shí)上，直到上大學(xué)，蘇爾才開始接觸漢語(yǔ)，在此之前，她只是波蘭的一個(gè)“很有語(yǔ)言天賦的小孩”。

沒錯(cuò)，蘇爾從小英語(yǔ)就很好。在高中，旁人還在學(xué)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，蘇爾已經(jīng)開始研究西班牙語(yǔ)，并取得了不錯(cuò)的成績(jī)。高中畢業(yè)之后，不滿足于只掌握兩門語(yǔ)言的她，開始思考要不要去挑戰(zhàn)一下眾人口中“極其難懂”的中文。

“一開始就說(shuō)喜歡是不可能的。”蘇爾攤了攤手。習(xí)慣了符號(hào)語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)模式，驟然接觸數(shù)量龐大的漢字，給蘇爾帶來(lái)了很大的壓力；音調(diào)、平仄的變化，更是讓蘇爾一臉茫然——“真的好難啊?！边@話，蘇爾對(duì)我說(shuō)了四遍。

轉(zhuǎn)折在大三那年，蘇爾拿著孔子學(xué)院獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金來(lái)到山東煙臺(tái)。負(fù)責(zé)人在向我介紹蘇爾的時(shí)候，著重提到她曾在中國(guó)的一所大學(xué)交流，但提到具體的名字時(shí)明顯卡頓了一下，蘇爾在旁一直提醒著“魯東大學(xué)”。對(duì)于蘇爾來(lái)說(shuō)，魯東大學(xué)早已是她在中國(guó)的家。

“煙臺(tái)不是一個(gè)很大的城市，但是在這里我的中文學(xué)習(xí)得到了質(zhì)的飛躍，最重要的是我結(jié)識(shí)了那么多善良又溫暖的老師。”蘇爾告訴我，令她最為感動(dòng)的是魯東大學(xué)文學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)胡曉清教授。正是她，堅(jiān)定了蘇爾來(lái)魯東大學(xué)讀研的想法。

一年的交流期結(jié)束，胡教授主動(dòng)找到蘇爾：“如果有可能的話，我希望你能回到中國(guó)繼續(xù)讀研。只要你愿意，這里永遠(yuǎn)是你的家?！睉{著這句話，直爽的蘇爾便確定——大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，直奔煙臺(tái)。

如果說(shuō)初來(lái)中國(guó)的蘇爾是一次偶然的嘗試，那么再回中國(guó)，蘇爾就是抱著攻讀更深層次的漢語(yǔ)的決心。

“研究生這兩年，我是和丈夫一起讀的”

異地戀，對(duì)每對(duì)情侶來(lái)說(shuō)都會(huì)是一種考驗(yàn)。還好，蘇爾遇見了一位和她一樣熱愛中文的男友。

蘇爾不在波蘭的第一個(gè)圣誕節(jié)，她的男友飛到中國(guó)來(lái)看她。那是他第一次到中國(guó)。那時(shí)的他或許沒有想到，自己會(huì)因?yàn)榕训臒釔鄱瓦@個(gè)國(guó)度相連。交流結(jié)束后，蘇爾告訴那時(shí)還沒有中國(guó)名字的男友，自己認(rèn)定了中國(guó)，要再去中國(guó)讀兩年碩士。

和一般電視劇里撕心裂肺的分手橋段不一樣，男友先是跪下來(lái)向蘇爾求了婚，然后告訴蘇爾：由于我受夠了異地戀，所以我要陪你去中國(guó)，陪你讀書，和你一起學(xué)你熱愛的中文。為此，他向蘇爾“要”了一個(gè)中文名字——蘇宇樂。蘇爾說(shuō)，因?yàn)橄Ｍ信笥衙刻於伎炜鞓窐返?，所以起了“樂”，蘇則是兩人共用的姓氏。在詢問(wèn)了她的中國(guó)導(dǎo)師后，又在中間加了一個(gè)“宇”字?；蛟S這就是所有女孩兒所憧憬的愛情吧：想你所想，愛你所愛，陪你長(zhǎng)大。

就這樣，在波蘭舉辦完婚禮，兩個(gè)人以夫妻的身份再次回到了魯東大學(xué)。

很顯然，這對(duì)夫妻的出現(xiàn)會(huì)給學(xué)院里的老師們添加不少樂事。他們會(huì)比較兩人的功課，會(huì)調(diào)侃兩人在一起學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)的膩歪。但這不妨礙老師們給他們送上的祝?！谥袊?guó)，蘇爾和蘇宇樂又舉辦了一次婚禮，參加者都是學(xué)院的老師。

有相愛的人陪伴，兩年的中國(guó)生活過(guò)得尤其美妙。蘇爾告訴我，他們?cè)?jīng)一起特意買了從昆明到煙臺(tái)的綠皮火車，為了見識(shí)到真正的“普通民眾的生活”。看到一個(gè)孩子很喜歡動(dòng)車模型，便買來(lái)送給他，“那個(gè)孩子高興壞了，看他那么開心，我們就更開心了?！?/p>

這期間，蘇爾還去北京參加了“漢教英雄會(huì)”的比賽。為了不給她帶來(lái)太多的壓力，帶隊(duì)的老師帶著她在北京到處溜達(dá)。但是為了不辜負(fù)老師對(duì)她的付出，蘇爾還是暗暗地下決心，一定要拿一個(gè)靠前的名次。最終，蘇爾從700多名參賽者中脫穎而出，獲得了八強(qiáng)的好成績(jī)。

問(wèn)及北京帶給她印象最為深刻的事情，她笑著回答說(shuō)：“五道口的一家云南菜特別好吃，那是我吃過(guò)的最好吃的中國(guó)菜了！”

吃中國(guó)菜，喝熱水，泡茶。這三樣已經(jīng)成為蘇爾來(lái)到中國(guó)后養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣。每到一個(gè)地方，蘇爾都會(huì)收集當(dāng)?shù)氐奶厣枞~，來(lái)到杭州也是如此。她告訴我：“還沒喝到正宗的西湖龍井，改日一定會(huì)去嘗一嘗。”

在講這些的時(shí)候，蘇爾顯得無(wú)比放松。在我們鄰桌有一只小貓，時(shí)不時(shí)地發(fā)出奶聲奶氣的叫聲。這個(gè)時(shí)候蘇爾都會(huì)下意識(shí)地回頭，應(yīng)和著貓咪的叫聲。率真，可愛，這是每一個(gè)第一眼看到蘇爾的人就會(huì)有的印象。但只要談及專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的問(wèn)題，已經(jīng)是博士生的她馬上換了一副嚴(yán)肅的面孔。

“我想建立一套體系，搭起波蘭語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的橋梁”

回到波蘭繼續(xù)攻讀博士的蘇爾，對(duì)于漢語(yǔ)開始有了自己的想法。在她看來(lái)，中文中的很多詞語(yǔ)是不能夠“直接翻譯”的，如果硬要直接翻譯出來(lái)，會(huì)驢唇不對(duì)馬嘴，但很多外國(guó)人未必能夠真正理解其中的含義。

她坦言，在波蘭，像她這樣精通漢語(yǔ)的人并不多見。于是她更希望能夠通過(guò)自身的努力，讓更多波蘭人在學(xué)漢語(yǔ)時(shí)不像自己當(dāng)初那么艱難。她試圖建立一套體系，去搭建波蘭語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)之間的橋梁，改變漢語(yǔ)在波蘭人眼中難懂的形象，讓漢語(yǔ)融入波蘭人的生活?！跋Ｍ麄兡軌蛏钊氲?、完整地、正確地了解中國(guó)文化。”

蘇爾已經(jīng)開始這樣去做了。她在波蘭的一家漢語(yǔ)機(jī)構(gòu)任教，教那里的小學(xué)生們識(shí)字?！拔覐淖罨镜臐h字教起，告訴他們?cè)趺醋x，怎么理解，帶著他們做游戲，想盡辦法多教他們一些?！碧K爾認(rèn)為，對(duì)于很多波蘭人來(lái)說(shuō)，聲調(diào)是最難學(xué)的，所以一定要從一開始就抓起來(lái)。

如何看待漢學(xué)，如何將漢學(xué)變成一顆種子傳向四方，這是這兩天她一直在思考的問(wèn)題。比如她會(huì)執(zhí)著地與許多老師探討“騰籠換鳥”和“鳳凰涅槃”這兩個(gè)成語(yǔ)的譯法。“如果能用一些簡(jiǎn)單的漢語(yǔ)建立那些熱詞的定義，就會(huì)有更多學(xué)漢語(yǔ)的外國(guó)人了解中國(guó)現(xiàn)在的模樣?！碧K爾這樣解釋她為了兩個(gè)詞語(yǔ)四處求教的本意。

“漢語(yǔ)是打開中國(guó)文化的鑰匙，我希望將這把鑰匙傳遞給更多人?！碧K爾笑著對(duì)我說(shuō)。

Anna Maria Scroka –Gr?dziel was one of those from 93 countries and regions attending an annual seminar on the Chinese language held in September 2018 on the campus of Zhejiang Gongshang University in Hangzhou， capital of Zhejiang Province in eastern China. During the seminar， they did sightseeing around the West Lake， the most famous tourist attraction of the city， visited sites of historical and cultural interests， and engaged in cultural exchanges with each other， in addition to study sessions of Chinese language and culture.

Anna Maria Scroka –Gr?dziel， known as Su Er to her Chinese teachers and classmates and the Chinese people she meets， started to learn the Chinese language in her college years. A language genius， she mastered the English language while she was very young. She did pretty well in a Spanish learning course at her senior high school. After high school， she wondered if she should challenge herself by learning Chinese， which was extremely difficult in the eyes of many people around her.

She plunged herself into this ambitious task， but soon found herself bogged down in difficulties. She found that， unlike English and Spanish， the Chinese words looked impossible and Chinese pronunciation sounded tongue-twisting and jaw-dropping. The turning point occurred in her junior year at college in Poland when she received a scholarship from a Confucius Institute in Poland to study for a year at Ludong University in Yantai， a city in Shandong Province in eastern China.

She made incredibly fast progress in her Chinese language learning in Yantai. Moreover， she made friends with her teachers and classmates. Professor Hu， director of the Liberal Arts School of Ludong University， played a crucial role in her decision to take a postgraduate course at Ludong. The professor offered her an opportunity to advance her Chinese learning at Ludong. She accepted the offer.

If the scholarship came to her by accident or by luck， coming back to China was her career choice. And she came back with her husband.

In China she celebrated her first Christmas out of Poland. Her boy-friend flew all the way to China to be with her. It was his first visit to China. She said she would come back to China for a two-year postgraduate course after the one-year study expired. Her boy-friend， also a student engaged in Chinese learning， decided to join her at the postgraduate course at Ludong University. They got married and her husband got a Chinese name Su Yule.

The couple was a hilarious presence on the campus. The wife and husband competed with each other in their studies and they were sweet to each other. They held a Chinese wedding on the campus.

During their two-year study， they traveled a lot in China. Once the couple took a slow-speed train from Yantai to Kunming in the southwest to see how ordinary people of China lived and traveled. Also during the two-year study， Anna Maria Scroka –Gr?dziel took part in a competition in Beijing. She ranked among the top eight of over 700 contenders.

Now a PhD student back in Poland， she wanted to establish a system to connect Polish and Chinese. In her opinion， the actual meaning of many Chinese words gets lost in translation and foreigners wouldnt be able to understand these words if the words are poorly translated. She said her proficiency in Chinese was rare in Poland. And that was why she took it upon herself to design a system so that her fellow Polish people wouldnt find it so difficult to learn Chinese.

She has already embarked upon a special course， putting her system to practice. Nowadays she teaches in an education institute where primary school students are learning Chinese. “I start from the essentials. I instruct my students how to read a word， how to understand it， and I play games with them so that they can take Chinese in more easily，” said the ambitious young teacher. In her opinion， for many Poles， the most difficult part in learning Chinese is to read words in tones.

“Chinese is the key to Chinese culture. I hope more people can have this key and find the beauty of Chinese culture，” said Anna Maria Scroka –Gr?dziel.