包婷雯 左明麗 王敏 王怡 姚政 林鵬程
摘 要 目的:觀察藏藥麻花秦艽不同部位醇提物的抗炎作用。方法:72只雄性SPF級(jí)昆明種小鼠隨機(jī)分為模型組[等體積0.5%羧甲基纖維素鈉(CMC-Na)溶液]、醋酸潑尼松組(10 mg/kg)及麻花秦艽地上部位醇提物低、高劑量組(10、30 g/kg)與麻花秦艽地下部位醇提物低、高劑量組(10、30 g/kg),每組12只;灌胃給藥,每天2次,連續(xù)6次;末次給藥40 min后于小鼠右耳廓正反兩面均勻涂抹二甲苯(0.05 mL)以建立耳腫脹模型,考察各組小鼠的耳腫脹度,并計(jì)算耳腫脹抑制率。分組同上;灌胃給藥,每天2次,連續(xù)5次;末次給藥40 min后于小鼠右足皮下注射1%角叉菜膠0.9%氯化鈉溶液(0.05 mL)以建立足腫脹模型,考察各組小鼠的足腫脹度,并計(jì)算足腫脹抑制率。無菌條件下將滅菌棉球植于小鼠鼠蹊部皮下以建立肉芽腫模型;分組同上,建模24 h后灌胃給藥,每天1次,連續(xù)10次;末次給藥24 h后剝離棉球,考察各組小鼠的肉芽腫脹度,并計(jì)算肉芽腫脹抑制率。84只雄性SD大鼠隨機(jī)分為正常對(duì)照組(等體積0.5% CMC-Na溶液)、模型組(等體積0.5% CMC-Na溶液)、醋酸潑尼松組(7 mg/kg)及麻花秦艽地上部位醇提物低、高劑量組(7、21 g/kg)與麻花秦艽地下部位醇提物低、高劑量組(7、21 g/kg),每組12只;灌胃給藥,每天1次,連續(xù)30次;灌胃給藥4次后于大鼠右后足皮下注射完全弗氏佐劑(0.1 mL)以建立關(guān)節(jié)炎模型;建模18 h后,考察各組大鼠的足腫脹度,并計(jì)算足腫脹抑制率,建模20 d后進(jìn)行大鼠全身關(guān)節(jié)病變?cè)u(píng)分,末次給藥24 h后稱定大鼠胸腺、脾、腎上腺質(zhì)量和體質(zhì)量并計(jì)算相應(yīng)臟器指數(shù)。結(jié)果:與模型組比較,醋酸潑尼松組、麻花秦艽地上部位醇提物高劑量組和麻花秦艽地下部位醇提物低、高劑量組小鼠耳腫脹度均顯著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),耳腫脹抑制率分別為67.12%、27.39%、19.86%、54.79%;麻花秦艽地下部位醇提物低、高劑量組小鼠足腫脹度均顯著降低(P<0.01),足腫脹抑制率分別為34.63%、46.07%;醋酸潑尼松組、麻花秦艽地上、地下部位醇提物低、高劑量組小鼠肉芽腫脹度均顯著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),肉芽腫脹抑制率分別為42.52%、14.02%、23.36%、21.50%、35.58%;醋酸潑尼松組和麻花秦艽地上、地下部位醇提物高劑量組大鼠關(guān)節(jié)腫脹度均顯著降低,全身關(guān)節(jié)病變?cè)u(píng)分均顯著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。與正常對(duì)照組比較,模型組大鼠胸腺、脾臟、腎上腺指數(shù)均顯著降低(P<0.01);與模型組比較,麻花素艽地上、地下部位醇提物低、高劑量組各臟器指數(shù)差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:麻花秦艽地上、地下部位醇提物均具有一定的抗炎作用。
關(guān)鍵詞 麻花秦艽;地上部位;地下部位;醇提物;抗炎作用
中圖分類號(hào) R965;R285 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1001-0408(2018)22-3114-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2018.22.20
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To observe the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract from different parts of Tibetan medicine Gentiana straminea. METHODS: Totally 72 male SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into model group (constant volume of 0.5% CMC-Na solution);prednisone acetate group (10 mg/kg), low-dose and high-dose groups of ethanol extract from aerial part of G. straminea (10, 30 g/kg), low-dose and high-dose groups of ethanol extract from underground part of G. straminea (10, 30 g/kg), with 12 mice in each group. They were given relevant medicine intragastrically twice a day for consecutive 6 times. Fourty minites after last medication, ear-swelling model was induced by evenly smeared with xylene (0.05 mL) on both sides of the right auricle. Fourty minites after modeling, the ear swelling degree and inhibitory rate of ear swelling of mice in each group were calculated. Grouping was the same as above, and then they were given relevant medicine intragastrically twice a day for consecutive 5 times. Fourty minites after last medication, mice were given 1% carrageenan 0.9% sodium chloride solution 0.05 mL subcutaneously via right feet to establish feet swelling model; the feet swelling degree and inhibitory rate of feet swelling of mice in each group were calculated. Sterile cotton balls were planted in groin area of mice under the aseptic condition subcutaneously to establish granuloma model. Twenty hours after modeling, grouping was the same as above, and then they were given relevant medicine intragastrically once a day for consecutive 10 times. Twenty hours after last medication, the cotton balls were removed; the granulation swelling degree and inhibitory rate of feet swelling of mice in each group were calculated. Eighty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into normal contrd group (constant volume of 0.5% CMC-Na solution), model group (constant volume of 0.5% CMC-Na solution), prednisone acetate group (7 mg/kg), aerial part ethanol extract of G. straminea low-dose and high-dose groups (7, 21 g/kg), ethanol extract of G. straminea underground part low-dose and high-dose groups (7, 21 g/kg), with 12 rats in each group. They were given relevant medicine intragastrically once a day for consecutive 30 times. After 4 times of intragastric administration, rats were injected with complete Freunds adjuvant (0.1 mL) into the right hind foot to establish arthritis model. Eighteen hours after modeling, the feet swelling degree and inhibitory rate of feet swelling of rats in each group were calculated; 20 d after modeling, systemic lesion scores of rats in each group were conducted; 24 h after last medication, the weight of thymus, spleen, adrenal gland and body weight were weighed and relevant viscera indexes were calculated. RESULTS: Compared with model group, the auricle swelling degree of mice were decreased significantly in prednisone acetate group, high-dose group of ethanol extract from aerial part of G. straminea, low-dose and high-dose groups of ethanol extract from underground part of G. straminea (P<0.05 or P<0.01); inhibitory rates of ear swelling were 67.12%, 27.39%, 19.86%, 54.79%, respectively. Feet swelling degree were decreased significantly in low-dose and high-dose group of ethanol extract from underground part of G. straminea (P<0.01); inhibitory rates of feet swelling were 34.63% and 46.07%. The granulation swelling degree were decreased significantly in prednisone acetate group, low-dose and high-dose groups of ethanol extract from aerial part of G. straminea, low-dose and high-dose groups of ethanol extract from underground part of G. straminea (P<0.05 or P<0.01); inhibitory rates of granulation swelling were 42.52%, 14.02%, 23.36%, 21.50%, 35.58%, respectively. The joint swelling degree of rats were decreased significantly in prednisone acetate group, low-dose and high-dose groups of ethanol extract from aerial part of G. straminea, low-dose and high-dose groups of ethanol extract from underground part of G. straminea (P<0.05 or P<0.01); while systemic lesion score were decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with normal control group, thymus, spleen, adrenal indexes of rats were increased significantly in model group (P<0.01); compared with model group, viscera indexes of rats were not statistical different in low-dose and high-dose groups of ethanol extract from aerial part of G. straminea, low-dose and high-dose groups of ethanol extract from underground part of G. straminea (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The ethanol extract from aerial part and underground part of G. straminea both have anti-inflammatory effects.
KEYWORDS Gentiana straminea; Aerial part; Underground part; Alcohol extract; Anti-inflammatory effects
麻花秦艽(Gentiana straminea Maxim.)為龍膽科龍膽屬植物[1],是青海省道地藥材[2],以全草或根和花入藥。藏醫(yī)稱秦艽類藥材為“解吉那?!?,臨床主要用于關(guān)節(jié)炎、肺病發(fā)燒、黃疸及二便不通等癥的治療[3]。麻花秦艽具有抗炎、鎮(zhèn)痛、保肝、降血壓、抗病毒、抗腫瘤等藥理作用[4-7],主要化學(xué)成分有環(huán)烯醚萜苷類、黃酮類、三萜類和木脂素類等[7-8],其中,龍膽苦苷和獐牙菜苦苷是其抗炎的主要活性成分[9]。本研究通過二甲苯致小鼠耳腫脹、角叉菜膠致小鼠足腫脹、小鼠棉球肉芽腫實(shí)驗(yàn)及完全弗氏佐劑致大鼠關(guān)節(jié)炎實(shí)驗(yàn)考察麻花秦艽地上、地下部位醇提物的抗炎作用[10-12],以為其臨床應(yīng)用提供參考。
1 材料
1.1 儀器
AL244型電子分析天平[梅特勒-托利多儀器(北京)有限公司];R-215型旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀(瑞士Buchi公司);SHB-Ⅲ型循環(huán)水式多用真空泵(鄭州長城科工貿(mào)有限公司);KQ-300型超聲波清洗機(jī)(昆山市超聲儀器有限公司);YLS型打孔器(上海艾研生物科技有限公司)。
1.2 藥品與試劑
醋酸潑尼松片(重慶三新制藥廠,批號(hào):061202,規(guī)格:5 mg);角叉菜膠(批號(hào):9062-07-1)、完全弗氏佐劑(批號(hào):9007-81-2)均購自美國Sigma公司;羧甲基纖維素鈉(CMC-Na)、二甲苯、乙醇均為分析純,水為蒸餾水。
1.3 藥材
麻花秦艽(采自青海省互助縣)藥材樣品經(jīng)青海民族大學(xué)藥學(xué)院林鵬程教授鑒定為真品。
1.4 動(dòng)物
SPF級(jí)昆明種小鼠216只,雄性,8周齡,體質(zhì)量為20~24 g;清潔級(jí)SD大鼠84只,雄性,32~36周齡,體質(zhì)量為230~250 g,均購自四川省中藥研究所實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心[動(dòng)物生產(chǎn)合格證號(hào):SCXK(川)2005-19]。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條件飼養(yǎng)1周,自由進(jìn)食、飲水,環(huán)境溫度(22±2)℃,相對(duì)濕度65%~70%,人工黑暗和光照交替。
2 方法
2.1 麻花秦艽不同部位醇提物的制備
2.1.1 麻花秦艽地上部位醇提物 取5.0 kg麻花秦艽地上部位藥材樣品,用25 kg乙醇45 ℃回流提取3次,每次回流1 h,得浸膏1.1 kg。臨用前以0.5% CMC-Na溶液制成所需的混懸液。
2.1.2 麻花秦艽地下部位醇提物 取5.0 kg麻花秦艽地下部位藥材樣品,用25 kg乙醇45 ℃回流提取3次,每次回流1 h,得浸膏0.75 kg。臨用前以0.5% CMC-Na溶液制成所需的混懸液。
2.2 二甲苯致小鼠耳腫脹實(shí)驗(yàn)
72只小鼠隨機(jī)分為模型組(等體積0.5% CMC-Na溶液)、醋酸潑尼松組(陽性對(duì)照,10 mg/kg)及麻花秦艽地上部位醇提物低、高劑量組(10、30 g/kg)與麻花秦艽地下部位醇提物低、高劑量組(10、30 g/kg)[醋酸潑尼松片成人臨床用量為60 mg,按照實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物與人用劑量的換算公式[12]計(jì)算得小鼠用量為10 mg/kg,大鼠用量為7 mg/kg。依據(jù)2015年版《中國藥典》(一部)中秦艽藥材常用量為3~10 g[1],本實(shí)驗(yàn)以口服生藥量100 g作為成人最大日劑量;按照實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物與人用藥量的換算公式[12]計(jì)算得小鼠低、高劑量用量為10、30 g/kg,大鼠低、高劑量用量為7、21 g/kg],每組12只;灌胃給藥,每天2次,連續(xù)6 次;末次給藥40 min后,于小鼠右耳廓正反兩面均勻涂抹二甲苯(0.05 mL)以建立耳腫脹模型;建模30 min后,將小鼠頸椎脫臼處死,剪下雙耳,用8 mm打孔器取下左右耳廓同一部位的耳片并稱定質(zhì)量,兩耳片質(zhì)量差值即代表耳腫脹度,并計(jì)算耳腫脹抑制率:耳腫脹抑制率=(模型組耳腫脹度-給藥組耳腫脹度)/ 模型組耳腫脹度×100%。
2.3 角叉菜膠致小鼠足腫脹實(shí)驗(yàn)
分組同“2.2”項(xiàng)下操作;灌胃給藥,每天2次,連續(xù)5 次;末次給藥40 min后,于小鼠右后足皮下注射1%角叉菜膠0.9%氯化鈉溶液(0.05 mL)以建立足腫脹模型;建模4 h后,將小鼠頸椎脫臼處死,剪下雙足并稱定質(zhì)量,兩足質(zhì)量差即代表足腫脹度,并計(jì)算足腫脹抑制率:足腫脹抑制率=(模型組足腫脹度-給藥組足腫脹度)/ 模型組足腫脹度×100%。
2.4 小鼠棉球肉芽腫實(shí)驗(yàn)
乙醚吸入麻醉小鼠后,于無菌條件下將滅菌棉球植于其鼠蹊部皮下以建立肉芽腫模型;分組同“2.2”項(xiàng)下操作,建模24 h后,灌胃給藥,每天1次,連續(xù)10次;末次給藥24 h后,剝離棉球,然后將棉球置于60 ℃烘箱中烘烤12 h,取出稱定質(zhì)量,以棉球干、濕質(zhì)量差值代表肉芽腫脹度,并計(jì)算肉芽腫脹抑制率:肉芽腫脹抑制率=(模型組肉芽腫脹度-給藥組肉芽腫脹度)/ 模型組肉芽腫脹度×100%。
2.5 大鼠完全弗氏佐劑關(guān)節(jié)炎實(shí)驗(yàn)
84大鼠隨機(jī)分為正常對(duì)照組(等體積0.5% CMC-Na溶液)、模型組(等體積0.5% CMC-Na溶液)、醋酸潑尼松組(7 mg/kg)及麻花秦艽地上部位醇提物低、高劑量組(7、21 g/kg)與麻花秦艽地下部位醇提物低、高劑量組(7、21 g/kg),每組12只;灌胃給藥,每天1次,連續(xù)30 次。給藥4次后,于大鼠右后足皮下注射完全弗氏佐劑(0.1 mL)以建立關(guān)節(jié)炎模型。建模18 h后,以大鼠左右足體積差為足腫脹度[8],并計(jì)算足腫脹抑制率(公式同“2.3”項(xiàng)下)。建模20 d后,進(jìn)行大鼠全身關(guān)節(jié)病變?cè)u(píng)分(無腫脹為0分,趾關(guān)節(jié)稍腫為1分,趾關(guān)節(jié)和足腫脹為2分,踝關(guān)節(jié)以下的足爪腫脹為3分,包括踝關(guān)節(jié)在內(nèi)的全部足爪腫脹為4分)[12];末次給藥24 h后處死大鼠,剝離內(nèi)臟,稱定胸腺、脾、腎上腺質(zhì)量和體質(zhì)量并計(jì)算相應(yīng)臟器指數(shù):臟器指數(shù)=臟器質(zhì)量(mg)/100 g體質(zhì)量。
2.6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 19.0軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。計(jì)量資料以x±s表示,組間比較采用單因素方差分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
3 結(jié)果
3.1 各組小鼠耳腫脹度比較
與模型組比較,醋酸潑尼松組、麻花秦艽地上部位醇提物高劑量組和麻花秦艽地下部位醇提物低、高劑量組小鼠耳腫脹度均顯著降低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05或P<0.01),詳見表1。
3.2 各組小鼠足腫脹度比較
與模型組比較,麻花秦艽地下部位醇提物低、高劑量組小鼠足腫脹度均顯著減少,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),詳見表2。
3.3 各組小鼠肉芽腫脹度比較
與模型組比較,醋酸潑尼松組和麻花秦艽地上、地下部位醇提物低、高劑量組小鼠肉芽腫脹度均顯著降低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05或P<0.01),詳見表3。
3.4 各組大鼠足腫脹度、全身關(guān)節(jié)病變?cè)u(píng)分、臟器指數(shù)比較
正常對(duì)照組、模型組、醋酸潑尼松組各有1只大鼠死亡。正常對(duì)照組大鼠足無腫脹,全身關(guān)節(jié)病變?cè)u(píng)分為0分。與模型組比較,醋酸潑尼松組和麻花秦艽地上、地下部位醇提物高劑量組大鼠關(guān)節(jié)腫脹度均顯著降低,全身關(guān)節(jié)病變?cè)u(píng)分顯著降低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05或P<0.01)。與正常對(duì)照組比較,模型組大鼠胸腺、脾、腎上腺指數(shù)均顯著升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);與模型組比較,醋酸潑尼松組大鼠胸腺、腎上腺指數(shù)均顯著降低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),而麻花秦艽地上、地下部分醇提物低、高劑量組各臟器指數(shù)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),詳見表4~表6。
4 討論
二甲苯涂抹于小鼠耳廓,可增加耳廓毛細(xì)血管通透性,最終導(dǎo)致滲入組織的液體增多,形成肉眼可見的紅腫[13]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,給予30 g/kg麻花秦艽地上部位醇提物和10、30 g/kg麻花秦艽地下部位醇提物均可顯著降低模型小鼠耳腫脹度。角叉菜膠注入小鼠右足皮下,可導(dǎo)致局部前列腺素合成增加,并與血管合成物質(zhì)和激肽類一起誘發(fā)水腫[14]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,給予10、30 g/kg麻花秦艽地下部位醇提物均可顯著降低模型小鼠足腫脹度。棉球植入小鼠體內(nèi)可引起結(jié)締組織增生,該類增生與臨床患者炎癥病理性改變相似,多用于評(píng)定藥物抗結(jié)締組織增生作用。本研究結(jié)果顯示,給予10、30 g/kg麻花秦艽地上、地下部位醇提物均可顯著降低模型小鼠肉芽腫脹度。佐劑性關(guān)節(jié)炎是一種免疫性炎癥模型,其以多發(fā)性關(guān)節(jié)炎為特征,發(fā)病機(jī)制與病理特征與人類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎類似,對(duì)抗炎、免疫藥物敏感,多用于篩選和研究上述兩類藥物[15]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,給予21 g/kg麻花秦艽地上、地下部位醇提物均可顯著降低模型大鼠關(guān)節(jié)腫脹度和全身關(guān)節(jié)病變?cè)u(píng)分。
綜上所述,麻花秦艽地上、地下部位醇提物均具有一定的抗炎作用。
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(收稿日期:2018-01-15 修回日期:2018-05-09)
(編輯:張 靜)