国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

環(huán)境雌激素對(duì)新生仔鼠睪丸引帶中Notch信號(hào)通路的影響

2018-12-22 07:12:32王廣歡陳凱洪鐘軍

王廣歡 陳凱洪 鐘軍

[摘要] 目的 探討己烯雌酚(DES)對(duì)孕期仔鼠睪丸引帶組織中Notch信號(hào)通路的影響。 方法 將45只8~10周齡健康雌性SD大鼠采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組、實(shí)驗(yàn)1組、實(shí)驗(yàn)2組,每組15只。實(shí)驗(yàn)1、2組分別給予DES 0.1、25.0 μg/(kg·d),按常規(guī)雌雄比例2∶1合籠。每組均以仔鼠出生當(dāng)天記為生后0 d(PD0),分別于生后1 d(PD1)和生后7 d(PD7)時(shí)取雄鼠睪丸引帶,采用RT-PCR和Western blot測(cè)定Notch1、Hes1、表皮生長(zhǎng)因子受體(EGFR)和轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子-α(TGF-α)的表達(dá)。 結(jié)果 在PD1和PD7時(shí),實(shí)驗(yàn)1組中Notch1、Hes1、EGFR和 TGF-α mRNA表達(dá)水平均較對(duì)照組和實(shí)驗(yàn)2組增高(P < 0.05),而實(shí)驗(yàn)2組中只有TGF-α mRNA表達(dá)水平較對(duì)照組增高(P < 0.05)。在PD1時(shí),實(shí)驗(yàn)1組中Notch1、Hes1、TGF-α蛋白表達(dá)水平較對(duì)照組增高,實(shí)驗(yàn)2組中Notch1、EGFR、Hes1蛋白表達(dá)水平較對(duì)照組增高(P < 0.05);在PD7時(shí),實(shí)驗(yàn)1組中Hes1、EGFR蛋白表達(dá)水平較對(duì)照組增高,實(shí)驗(yàn)2組中Notch1、Hes1、EGFR蛋白表達(dá)水平較對(duì)照組增高(P < 0.05)。與實(shí)驗(yàn)1組比較,實(shí)驗(yàn)2組PD1時(shí)EGFR蛋白表達(dá)水平增高,PD7時(shí)Notch1、Hes1、TGF-α蛋白表達(dá)水平增高(P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 環(huán)境雌激素可影響仔鼠睪丸引帶Notch信號(hào)通路的表達(dá),可能是外源性雌激素影響睪丸引帶發(fā)育和增殖的機(jī)制之一。

[關(guān)鍵詞] Notch信號(hào)通路;環(huán)境雌激素;睪丸引帶;表皮生長(zhǎng)因子受體

[中圖分類號(hào)] R977.12 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2018)11(c)-0017-05

Effects of environmental estrogen on Notch signaling pathway in neonatal rat′s gubernaculum

WANG Guanghuan1 CHEN Kaihong1 ZHONG Jun1 WANG Fusheng1 XU Chengbin1 JIANG Xuewu2

1.Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, Shantou 515041, China; 2.Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children Hospital of Shenzhen University, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen 518118, China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on Notch signaling pathway of chorda gubernaculum in offspring rats. Methods Forty-five healthy female SD rats aged 8-10 weeks were divided into the control group, experimental group 1 and 2 according to the random number table, with 15 rats in each group. The experimental group 1 and 2 were given DES 0.1 μg/(kg·d) and DES 25 μg/(kg·d) respectively. According to the conventional ratio of male to female 2∶1 cage. The day of offspring birth of each group was recorded as day 0 after birth (PD0). The chorda gubernaculum was taken at PD1 and PD7 respectively. The expressions of Notch1, Hes1, EGFR and TGF-α were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot imprinting. Results At PD1 and PD7, the mRNA expression of Notch1, Hes1, EGFR and TGF-α in the experimental group 1 were higher than those in the control group and the experimental group 2 (P < 0.05), while only TGF-α mRNA in the experimental group 2 was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). At PD1, the levels of Notch1, Hes1 and TGF-α protein in the experimental group 1 were higher than those in the control group, and the levels of Hes1 and EGFR at PD7 were increased (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, only the levels of Notch1, EGFR and Hes1 protein were in the experimental group 2 increased at PD1, and the levels of Notch1, Hes1 and EGFR protein were increased at PD7 (P < 0.05). Compared with the experimental group 1, only EGFR protein increased in the experimental group 2 at PD1, while Notch1, Hes1 and TGF-α protein increased at PD7 (P < 0.05). Conclusion Environmental estrogen can affect the expression of Notch signaling in gubernaculum of offspring rats, which may be one of the mechanisms of exogenous estrogen affecting the development and proliferation of gubernaculum.

[Key words] Notch signaling pathway; Environmental estrogen; Gubernaculum; Epidermal growth factor receptor

環(huán)境雌激素可通過(guò)影響睪丸引帶的增殖,進(jìn)而影響生殖系統(tǒng)發(fā)育,但具體機(jī)制至今尚不清楚[1]。既往相關(guān)研究多集中在引帶組織成分和細(xì)胞形態(tài)[2-3],而對(duì)于細(xì)胞發(fā)育相關(guān)的調(diào)控機(jī)制研究較少[4]。Notch信號(hào)通路已被證實(shí)在多種細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育中起關(guān)鍵作用,其改變將引起細(xì)胞增殖異常[5-6]?;诔錾昂蟛G丸引帶細(xì)胞表現(xiàn)出活躍的增殖和分化狀態(tài),本研究通過(guò)采用己烯雌酚(diethylstilbestrol,DES)作用于孕鼠,觀察仔鼠睪丸引帶中Notch信號(hào)通路關(guān)鍵信號(hào)分子Notch1和Hes1以及調(diào)控因子表皮生長(zhǎng)因子受體(EGFR)和轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子-α(TGF-α)mRNA和蛋白質(zhì)的表達(dá),初步探討Notch信號(hào)在DES影響的仔鼠睪丸引帶中的表達(dá)及意義。

1 對(duì)象與方法

1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物

8~10周齡健康雌性SD大鼠45只,體重30~35 g,購(gòu)自汕頭大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心[合格證號(hào):SYXY(粵)2017-0079]。

1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)分組

SD大鼠45只,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為對(duì)照組、實(shí)驗(yàn)組1、實(shí)驗(yàn)組2,每組15只。實(shí)驗(yàn)組1、2分別給予DES 0.1、25.0 μg/(kg·d)。DES以二甲基亞砜(DMSO)和生理鹽水為溶劑;對(duì)照組僅給予DMSO和生理鹽水。

1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

大鼠購(gòu)回飼養(yǎng)1周后,于下午6:00,按常規(guī)雌雄比例合籠,合籠后每隔8 h(每日8:00、16:00、24:00)檢查雌鼠有無(wú)出現(xiàn)陰栓,以發(fā)現(xiàn)陰栓作為受孕標(biāo)志。發(fā)現(xiàn)陰栓當(dāng)天定為妊娠第0天,記為GD0。在GD9~GD17上午8:00皮下注射給藥,其中對(duì)照組給予DMS 16.5 μL/(kg·d),生理鹽水33.0 mL/(kg·d),實(shí)驗(yàn)組分別給予0.1、25.0 μg/(kg·d)DES。每組所用的DES均溶于DMSO與生理鹽水中,劑量同對(duì)照組。以仔鼠出生當(dāng)天記為生后0 d,記為PD0,分別于PD1、PD7時(shí)取材,每組15只。

1.4 RT-PCR法檢測(cè)仔鼠睪丸引帶組織中Notch1、Hes1、EGFR和TGF-α mRNA表達(dá)水平

總RNA的提取,將液氮中保存的仔鼠睪丸引帶組織按組織總RNA提取試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)提取總RNA,經(jīng)紫外線分光光度計(jì)測(cè)定A260/A280比值,取A260/A280比值在1.8~2.1的RNA用于后續(xù)試驗(yàn)。引物均在北京Invitrogen公司合成(表1)。以提取的總RNA為模板,參照逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)合成cDNA第一鏈,以其為模板,進(jìn)行PCR反應(yīng)。反應(yīng)體系:2×Taq PCR Master Mix 12.5 μL,上、下游引物各1 μL,cDNA 2 μL,加RNase Free ddH2O至25 μL。反應(yīng)條件:94℃ 5 min;95℃ 1 min,60℃ 40 s,72℃ 5 min,共30個(gè)循環(huán);72℃ 5 min。PCR產(chǎn)物經(jīng)2%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳鑒定,采用Quantity One軟件進(jìn)行圖像分析,測(cè)定灰度值,以目的條帶/β-actin基因的灰度比值表示Notch1、Hes1、EGFR和TGF-α mRNA相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)錄水平。

1.5 Western blot法檢測(cè)仔睪丸引帶組織中Notch1、Hes1、EGFR和TGF-α蛋白表達(dá)水平

采用Quality One 分析軟件進(jìn)行蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量的定量分析。

1.6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用LSD檢驗(yàn),以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2結(jié)果

2.1 PD1、PD7時(shí)各組仔鼠睪丸引帶Notch1、Hes1、EGFR和TGF-α mRNA相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)錄水平

PD1、PD7時(shí),實(shí)驗(yàn)1組中Notch1、Hes1、EGFR和TGF-α mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平均較對(duì)照組和實(shí)驗(yàn)2組增高(P < 0.05),而實(shí)驗(yàn)2組中只有TGF-α較對(duì)照組增高(P < 0.05)。其余基因mRNA相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)錄水平組間比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。

2.2 PD1、PD7時(shí)各組仔鼠睪丸引帶Notch1、Hes1、EGFR和TGF-α蛋白表達(dá)水平

PD1時(shí),實(shí)驗(yàn)1組中Notch1、Hes1和TGF-α蛋白表達(dá)水平均較對(duì)照組增高(P < 0.05),實(shí)驗(yàn)2組中只有Notch1、Hes1、EGFR蛋白表達(dá)水平較對(duì)照組增高(P < 0.05)。而實(shí)驗(yàn)2組中只有EGFR蛋白表達(dá)水平較實(shí)驗(yàn)1組明顯增高(P < 0.05)。其余基因蛋白表達(dá)水平組間比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見(jiàn)表3、圖1。PD7時(shí),實(shí)驗(yàn)1組中Hes1和EGFR蛋白表達(dá)水平均較對(duì)照組增高(P < 0.05),實(shí)驗(yàn)2組中Notch1、Hes1和EGFR蛋白表達(dá)水平較對(duì)照組增高(P < 0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)2組中只有Notch1、Hes1和TGF-α蛋白表達(dá)水平較實(shí)驗(yàn)1組增高(P < 0.05)。其余基因蛋白表達(dá)水平組間比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見(jiàn)表3、圖2。

3討論

睪丸引帶是胚胎期與睪丸等泌尿生殖系統(tǒng)器官發(fā)育密切關(guān)聯(lián)的重要睪丸外結(jié)構(gòu)[7]。睪丸引帶結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜且在胚胎期變化大,且外源性雌激素可引起睪丸引帶結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂,抑制其增殖[8-10],但機(jī)制尚不清楚?;谇捌趯?duì)于胚胎期睪丸引帶組織表現(xiàn)出活躍增殖的認(rèn)識(shí)[11],目前已發(fā)現(xiàn),Notch信號(hào)通路在多種細(xì)胞分化與增殖中起到關(guān)鍵作用。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Notch信號(hào)通路在DES作用后的大鼠睪丸引帶組織中表達(dá)異常,且在出生后1 d和7 d的仔鼠睪丸引帶中表達(dá)不一致。推測(cè)DES可能通過(guò)影響Notch信號(hào)通路,進(jìn)一步影響了睪丸引導(dǎo)的發(fā)育和增殖。在環(huán)境雌激素對(duì)影響生殖系統(tǒng)發(fā)育的研究方面,既往實(shí)驗(yàn)多基于傳統(tǒng)的藥理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)毒性試驗(yàn),采用高劑量來(lái)觀察其影響效應(yīng)[12],事實(shí)上,環(huán)境雌激素更多的是針對(duì)日常生產(chǎn)生活中的污染狀況,即與環(huán)境密切相關(guān)的相對(duì)低劑量暴露[13],本研究采用了高、低兩個(gè)劑量組,進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究。

本研究主要觀察了Notch信號(hào)通路關(guān)鍵因子Notch1和Hes1,發(fā)現(xiàn)在生后1 d,低劑量DES的實(shí)驗(yàn)1組中Notch1和Hes1 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)均高,而高劑量DES實(shí)驗(yàn)2組中,Notch1和Hes1 mRNA表達(dá)差別不明顯,但蛋白表達(dá)增高。提示不同劑量的DES對(duì)睪丸引帶中Notch信號(hào)通路關(guān)鍵因子的影響有差別,推測(cè)DES可通過(guò)增強(qiáng)Notch信號(hào)通路進(jìn)一步影響睪丸引帶的發(fā)育,且與DES作用的劑量關(guān)系較大。在生后7 d,實(shí)驗(yàn)1組中Notch1、Hes1 mRNA和Hes1蛋白增高,而實(shí)驗(yàn)2組中,Notch1和Hes1蛋白增高。提示在生后7 d時(shí)DES對(duì)睪丸引帶中Notch信號(hào)通路仍有影響,且與生后第1天比較有不同。推測(cè)隨著日齡的增長(zhǎng),DES仍通過(guò)影響Notch信號(hào)通路影響對(duì)睪丸引帶的發(fā)育,但影響力較生后第1天弱。

同時(shí)本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),在生后第1天和7天時(shí)低劑量DES與高劑量中Notch1和Hes1mRNA對(duì)比表明無(wú)論在生后第1天和7天低劑量DES對(duì)睪丸引帶中Notch信號(hào)通路基因水平的影響均較高劑量組大,推測(cè)睪丸引帶中Notch信號(hào)通路對(duì)于低劑量DES的影響更為敏感。

Notch信號(hào)還會(huì)其他信號(hào)分子或者信號(hào)通路的調(diào)控[14-15]。有報(bào)道EGFR信號(hào)系統(tǒng)對(duì)Notch信號(hào)通路起到拮抗的作用[16]。EGFR已被證實(shí)在睪丸有表達(dá),參與了雄性生殖系統(tǒng)的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和生殖功能的維持[17-18]。本研究亦顯示,EGFR信號(hào)通路相關(guān)分子EGFR和TGF-α在睪丸引帶有表達(dá),且在DES作用后的睪丸引帶組織中表達(dá)也發(fā)生了改變,發(fā)現(xiàn)不同劑量的DES對(duì)Notch信號(hào)通路的抑制信號(hào)系統(tǒng)EGFR也有影響且存在差別,推測(cè)DES可通過(guò)同時(shí)增強(qiáng)EGFR信號(hào)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)一步影響睪丸引帶的發(fā)育,且與DES作用的劑量各不相同。在生后第1天和7天低劑量DES與高劑量睪丸引帶中EGFR信號(hào)系統(tǒng)中EGFR和TGF-α mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá)對(duì)比變化,也從側(cè)面幫助推測(cè)睪丸引帶中Notch信號(hào)通路對(duì)于低劑量DES的影響更為敏感。

另外,在DES作用后Notchl、Hes1、EGFR和TGF-α mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá)沒(méi)有一致的趨勢(shì),我們推測(cè),在這個(gè)偶聯(lián)的過(guò)程中可能有許多影響因素,如mRNA的降解、修飾折疊等[19-20],因此mRNA升高時(shí),蛋白不一定會(huì)升高。

綜上,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)環(huán)境雌激素對(duì)新生仔鼠睪丸引帶中Notch信號(hào)通路有明顯影響,為更全面地研究外源性雌激素影響生殖系統(tǒng)發(fā)育的可能途徑提供證據(jù)。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

[1] Toppari J,Virtanen H,Skakkebaek NE,et al. Environmental effects on hormonal regulation of testicular descent [J]. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol,2006,102(1-5):184-186. DOI:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.09.020. 2006.10 17. Review.PMID:17049842.

[2] Favorito LA,Costa SF,Julio-Junior HR,et al. The importance of the gubernaculum in testicular migration during the human fetal period [J]. Int Braz J Urol,2014,40(6):722-729. doi:10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2014.06.02.Review.PMID:25615240.

[3] Hutson JM,Sasaki Y,Huynh J,et al. The gubernaculum in testicular descent and cryptorchidism [J]. Turk J Pediatr,2004,46 Suppl:3-6. Review.PMID:15499792.

[4] Harisis GN,Lewis AG,Southwell BR,et al. Hoxa-11 maintains cell proliferation in the mouse gubernaculum to facilitate testicular descent [J]. J Pediatr Surg,2013,12,48(12):2431-2436. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.08.019. PMID:24314182.

[5] Siebel C,Lendahl U. Notch Signaling in development,tissue homeostasis,and disease [J]. Physiol Rev,2017,97(4):1235-1294. doi:10.1152/physrev.00005.2017. Review. PMID:28794168.

[6] Yan D,Hao C,Xiao-Feng L,et al. Molecular mechanism of Notch signaling with special emphasis on microRNAs:implications for glioma [J]. J Cell Physiol,2018,3. doi:10.1002/jcp.26775. [Epub ahead of print] Review.PMID:30076599.

[7] Barteczko KJ,Jacob MI. The testicular descent in human. Origin,development and fate of the gubernaculum Hunteri,processus vaginalis peritonei,and gonadal ligaments [J]. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol,2000,156:Ⅲ-Ⅹ,1-98. Review.PMID:11008363.

[8] Zhang X,Li JH,Ma L,et al. Diethylstilbestrol impairs the morphology and function of mouse gubernaculum testis in culture [J]. Cell Biol Toxico,2012,28(6):397-407.doi:10.1007/s10565-012-9231-0. Epub 2012.09.044.PMID:22945456.

[9] Zhang X,Li JH,Duan SX,et al. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-protein kinase A-ERK-CREB signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of mouse gubernaculum testis cells by diethylstilbestrol [J]. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol,2014,67(1):97-103. doi:10.1007/s00244-013-9976-3. Epub 2013.12.04.PMID:24161687.

[10] Zhang X,Ke S,Chen KH,et al. Diethylstilbestrol affects the expression of GPER in the gubernaculum testis [J]. Int J Clin Exp Pathol,2015,8(6):7217-7222. eCollection,2015.PMID:26261617.

[11] Bouzada J,Vázquez T,Duran M,et al. New insights into the morphogenesis of the gubernaculum testis and the inguinal canal [J]. Clin Anat,2017,30(5):599-607. doi:10.1002/ca.22880,2017.04.19.PMID:28422355.

[12] Cooke PS,Nanjappa MK,Ko C,et al. Estrogens in male physiology [J]. Physiol Rev,2017,97(3):995-1043. doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2016. Review.PMID:28539434.

高唐县| 措勤县| 沙坪坝区| 泰安市| 自贡市| 唐海县| 小金县| 桐城市| 田阳县| 平定县| 昌邑市| 牡丹江市| 双桥区| 宁城县| 龙江县| 富顺县| 河池市| 双流县| 商水县| 周口市| 仪征市| 栖霞市| 德州市| 南漳县| 靖宇县| 读书| 孟州市| 进贤县| 乌兰察布市| 忻州市| 监利县| 麟游县| 正镶白旗| 邵东县| 武威市| 阳新县| 阳高县| 盘锦市| 宁城县| 靖州| 桑植县|