◆ Penelope

說(shuō)明某一現(xiàn)象的原因是江蘇高考任務(wù)型寫(xiě)作中主體段落(body paragraph)的主要內(nèi)容。學(xué)會(huì)立足于現(xiàn)象，分解現(xiàn)象中的因素，再針對(duì)不同因素展開(kāi)分析才能在書(shū)面表達(dá)上不偏離主題，獲得高分。比如，2018年江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá)要求對(duì)“利用排名進(jìn)行消費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象”說(shuō)明2～3個(gè)理由；2017年江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá)要求分析“我國(guó)電影票房收入變化的原因”并談?wù)剬?duì)票房收入走向的看法和理由；2016年的書(shū)面表達(dá)要求是闡述對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票的看法，也是用2～3個(gè)理由說(shuō)明；2015年要求分析導(dǎo)致交通問(wèn)題的原因等等。由此可見(jiàn)掌握文章主體段落的寫(xiě)作技巧是多么重要。

如何把握現(xiàn)象中的角度，我們首先分解現(xiàn)象中存在的事物，看看這一現(xiàn)象涉及哪幾個(gè)元素，再做分析。以“利用排名進(jìn)行消費(fèi)”為例，中心詞是“消費(fèi)”，其中包含“消費(fèi)品”和“消費(fèi)者”兩個(gè)元素。如果對(duì)排名消費(fèi)是積極態(tài)度，就分別立足于這兩個(gè)元素寫(xiě)好處：排名高，意味著消費(fèi)品質(zhì)量好、服務(wù)好；消費(fèi)者節(jié)省時(shí)間、方便選擇。若持反對(duì)態(tài)度，那么排名高的商品常有誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)之嫌、不可靠；消費(fèi)者盲目隨大流會(huì)忽視自己的真正需求以及商品的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)，可能造成浪費(fèi)。這種把握角度分析現(xiàn)象的方法也是我們學(xué)生很熟悉的寫(xiě)作技巧。我們以2018屆南京市、鹽城市的高三一模中的書(shū)面表達(dá)為例，看看同學(xué)們的精彩表現(xiàn)吧！

（南京市、鹽城市2018屆高三第一次模擬考試）

第五部分：書(shū)面表達(dá)（滿分25分）

81.請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面有關(guān)公共圖書(shū)館的文字，并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的文章。

Libraries have always been at the heart of the communities they serve.They are accessible and safe spaces, providing access to huge resources of information and knowledge.Libraries have played an important role in helping generations of immigrants, young people, job seekers and readers to learn, stay connected and get ahead in life.Offering access to books, newspapers and, later, computers, they opened up a world of knowledge and ideas for millions of people.The public library transcends national and cultural boundaries—no matter where you are in the world, they are an essential part of creating and maintaining an educated and literate population.

But today, public libraries are at a turning point.The way we access and consume information has changed dramatically in the 21st century, and this presents major challenges and opportunities for public library systems across the world.

The advent of new technologies has changed some of our reading habits.But our need for shared, community-centred spaces to fi nd information and connect with others is unlikely to change any time soon.

【寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容】

1.用約30詞概述上述信息的主要內(nèi)容；

2.結(jié)合上述信息，簡(jiǎn)要分析公共圖書(shū)館仍受歡迎的主要原因；

3.就公共圖書(shū)館如何與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，應(yīng)對(duì)新挑戰(zhàn)提出你的建議（不少于兩點(diǎn)）。

【寫(xiě)作要求】

1.寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句；

2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱；

3.不必寫(xiě)標(biāo)題。

【評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】

內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。

這是范文中的30詞概括，從中可以看到和第二段的body paragraph之間的連接關(guān)系。

Though challenged by the development of new technologies and e-books, public libraries still play an important role in our life and appeal to increasing numbers of people, especially the young.

第二段是分析公共圖書(shū)館在數(shù)碼世界中存活的原因。也就是相對(duì)于電子書(shū)而言，公共圖書(shū)館的優(yōu)勢(shì)，用對(duì)比的方法說(shuō)明網(wǎng)絡(luò)書(shū)籍的缺陷，反襯公共圖書(shū)館不可缺少的作用。下面一段是范文中的主體段。

There are several reasons accounting for public libraries surviving the wave of digitalization.To begin with, they are open to all, providing free access to the latest resources and technologies.What’s more, one of the drawbacks of the digital materials is that they’re not always trustworthy while public libraries can offer a large collection of reliable reference books.These practical functions aside, we still need the physical space, where we can fully concentrate on our study without easily getting distracted.

我們?cè)賮?lái)看看學(xué)生們是怎樣演繹這部分內(nèi)容的吧！

Student 1

Several factors may be responsible for libraries’ unfading popularity.On one hand, libraries make us accessible to diverse books, thus enabling us to enrich our knowledge reserves and expand our horizons.On the other hand, when exposed to paper books, a bridge is built up between individuals, which exert a positive effect on people’s daily communication.As a consequence, people are willing to read paper-based books, though the new technology is catching upon the traditional libraries.

Student 2

Conventional as it may be, libraries entitle us to enjoying real-life reading experience with an accessible and safe setting.Thus, we can dive into the world of knowledge and put aside distractions temporarily.Moreover, communication and sharing can be readily found here, which offers channels to linking people together.However, with life pace accelerating, libraries have to refresh themselves to better serve the public.Firstly, they ought to be equipped with more humanoriented facilities that offer readers convenience and comfort.Subsequently, unique themes and more creative concepts should be added to so as to be compatible with modern reading styles.Or rather, libraries need to fi nd their own position in the contemporary society.

Student 3

A multitude of factors may give rise to this.In the first place, the libraries have access to knowledge and information of great diversity, so it’s easier to cater to people’s different tastes.Better still is that they welcomed people from all walks of life and they remain equally essential and indispensable at every corner of the world.Additionally, people’s urgency for shared spaces to exchange and share ideas also counts.

Student 4

There are a variety of reasons accounting for this phenomenon.To begin with, the majority of people raise their awareness of reading books rather than searching for information via the Internet.What’s more, teenagers’ main obligation is to read, so it goes without saying that they are composed of the largest scale of going to public libraries.

學(xué)生們都準(zhǔn)確把握了公共圖書(shū)館和數(shù)碼書(shū)這兩個(gè)角度，提取有利于說(shuō)明公共圖書(shū)館好處的元素，用他們的寫(xiě)作技巧較好地呈現(xiàn)出了寫(xiě)作的形式。