韓佳南 張麗麗 劉鑫 岳海莉
[摘要]目的:探究循證護(hù)理對口腔正畸患兒治療依從性、口腔健康及生活質(zhì)量的影響。方法:選取筆者醫(yī)院2015年1月-2017年12月接收的80例口腔正畸患兒為研究對象,隨機(jī)分為觀察組和對照組,每組各40例。對照組采用常規(guī)治療,觀察組在對照組基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行循證護(hù)理。對比兩組患兒治療依從性、口腔健康和生活質(zhì)量。結(jié)果:觀察組依從率明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(95.0% vs 75.0%,P<0.05)。護(hù)理后兩組患兒口腔健康均明顯升高,且觀察組評分高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。干預(yù)后觀察組主觀幸福感、生活滿意度和自我價(jià)值感均優(yōu)于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:對口腔正畸患兒進(jìn)行循證護(hù)理干預(yù)可以提高治療依從性、改善口腔健康、提高生活質(zhì)量,保證正畸療效。
[關(guān)鍵詞]循證護(hù)理干預(yù);口腔正畸;依從性;口腔健康;生活質(zhì)量;預(yù)后
[中圖分類號]R783.5? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]B? ? [文章編號]1008-6455(2019)02-0147-03
Abstract: Objective? To explore the impact of evidence-based nursing on the treatment compliance, oral health and life quality of orthodontic children. Methods? ?80 cases of orthodontic children received in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group received routine treatment, and the observation group received evidence-based nursing on the basis of routine treatment. Treatment compliance, oral health and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results? the compliance rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (95.0% vs 75.0%,P<0.05). Oral health of the two groups was significantly increased after nursing, and the score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). After intervention,subjective well-being, life satisfaction and self-worth of the observation group were all superior to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion? evidence-based nursing intervention for oral orthodontic children can improve treatment compliance, improve oral health and quality of life, so as to guarantee the curative effect of orthodontic.
Key words: evidence-based nursing intervention; orthodontics; compliance; oral health; the quality of life; prognosis
由于兒童口腔正畸治療過程普遍相對較長,整體治療依從性偏低[1],與此同時(shí),患兒還需要長期佩戴矯治器配合治療,因此容易導(dǎo)致口腔潰瘍、牙根炎及牙周炎等疾病的發(fā)生,從而嚴(yán)重影響正畸治療效果[2]。臨床上,很多醫(yī)生僅僅關(guān)注正畸療效而忽略了患者心理感受。然而,由于對手術(shù)的恐懼、擔(dān)心治療失敗,患兒常合并抑郁和焦慮等不良情緒。負(fù)性情緒嚴(yán)重影響了患者治療依從性、降低了生活質(zhì)量[3-4]。相關(guān)研究表明[5-6],給予科學(xué)、有力的護(hù)理手段不僅能顯著提升患兒治療依從性,而且能夠使口腔健康狀態(tài)得到明顯改善。因此筆兒醫(yī)院采用循證護(hù)理對口腔正畸患兒進(jìn)行干預(yù),取得了較好的療效,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1? 資料和方法
1.1 一般資料:選取2015年1月-2017年12月于筆者醫(yī)院接受正畸治療的80例患兒為研究對象,按照臨床護(hù)理方法不同,采用隨機(jī)抽取方法將所有患兒平均分為對照組和觀察組,每組40例。年齡7~8歲,正畸時(shí)間6~18個(gè)月。兩組患兒年齡、性別及平均接受正畸治療時(shí)間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。
1.2 納入和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):智力正常,體格發(fā)育正常者。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):嚴(yán)重的器質(zhì)性疾病、腫瘤、近期嚴(yán)重外傷、年齡不在7~8歲以內(nèi)及資料不全者。
1.3 方法:對照組給予常規(guī)護(hù)理:向患兒及家屬詳細(xì)講解疾病知識、介紹相應(yīng)的預(yù)防措施,耐心解答家屬提出的問題。觀察組在對照組基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行循證護(hù)理干預(yù),具體方法:①建立護(hù)患信任:保持親切和藹的態(tài)度,注意言談舉止,獲得患兒及其家屬的好感與信任,增強(qiáng)其治療疾病的信心;②心理護(hù)理:年齡相對較小的患兒常存在緊張、恐懼心理。治療開始前,告知患兒及其家屬治療過程中可能出現(xiàn)疼痛情況,給予患兒安慰、鼓勵(lì),家屬也應(yīng)該多陪伴患兒,讓其有安全感。對于年齡相對較大的患兒,應(yīng)尊重其自尊心,給予一定的健康教育,使其認(rèn)識到正畸治療的重要性;③口腔衛(wèi)生指導(dǎo):由于矯治器長時(shí)間的固定,護(hù)理人員應(yīng)提醒患兒注意口腔衛(wèi)生,避免牙齦發(fā)炎。清潔矯治器時(shí)盡量選擇軟牙刷,避免食用堅(jiān)硬、辛辣、黏度高和糖分高的食物[7-11]。
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