李建高
一、認(rèn)準(zhǔn)“標(biāo)志詞”判別時(shí)態(tài)
一般來(lái)說(shuō),每一種時(shí)態(tài)都有其特定的“標(biāo)志詞”,如時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間副詞等。大家在辨別時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),一定要仔細(xì)去發(fā)現(xiàn)它,從而快速做出判斷。
(2018年天津卷)—Jerry, have you ever been to the Great Wall?
—Yes. I there with my parents last year.
A. go B. went
C. will go D. have gone
解析:根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last year可判斷出,此處應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。行為動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示,go的過(guò)去式為went,選B。
(2018年上海卷)Michael in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year.
A. teaches B. taught
C. will teach D. was teaching
解析:根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)from February to June next year可判斷出,此處應(yīng)該用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。一般將來(lái)時(shí)有“will/shall + 動(dòng)詞原形”及“be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu),選C。
(2018年沈陽(yáng)卷)Sarah many places of interest in Beijing already.
A. visited B. has visited
C. will visit D. visits
解析:根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合標(biāo)志詞already可判斷出,此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”,選B。
(2018年邵陽(yáng)卷)—Where is Jim?
—Look! He under the tree.
A. is standing B. stood
C. stands
解析:根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合標(biāo)志詞Look可判斷出,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“be + 動(dòng)詞-ing”結(jié)構(gòu),選A。
知識(shí)拓展:熟記下面這些常見(jiàn)的“標(biāo)志詞”:
1)always, often, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
2)yesterday, last night, just now, in 2008, two days ago (一般過(guò)去時(shí))
3)now, at the moment, these days, listen, look (out) (現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))
4)at eight yesterday morning, at that time, then, those days, when/while + 從句 (過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))
5)tomorrow, next week/month/year, in two days, soon (一般將來(lái)時(shí))
6)already, yet, just, ever, never, so far, ever since, for + 一段時(shí)間或since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
7)by the time, by the end of..., when +從句, before + 從句 (過(guò)去完成時(shí))
二、透過(guò)語(yǔ)境判別時(shí)態(tài)
辨別時(shí)態(tài)最為關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)就是語(yǔ)境,答題時(shí)我們要學(xué)會(huì)通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷句子的時(shí)態(tài),注意上下文時(shí)態(tài)的一致性。
(2018年河北卷)—The bread is really delicious.
—Thank you. I it myself.
A. make B. made
C. will make D. am making
解析:根據(jù)上句“The bread is really delicious.”可推斷出下句意為:謝謝。我自己做的。顯然,“做”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,所以此處應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí),make的過(guò)去式為made,選B。
(2018年鹽城卷)—I my card. I want to report it.
—You can call the bank to report the loss. It would be faster.
A. lose B. was losing
C. will lose D. have lost
解析:根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“You can call the bank to report the loss. It would be faster.”可以推斷出上句意為:我的卡丟了,我想報(bào)告。此處表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),選D。
三、依據(jù)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣判定時(shí)態(tài)
有些句子的時(shí)態(tài)需要考慮習(xí)慣表達(dá),如在賓語(yǔ)從句中,從句為客觀事實(shí)和自然規(guī)律時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不受主句影響,仍然使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,若主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
(2018年烏魯木齊卷)John told his little daughter the earth from the west to the east.
A. moved B. moving
C. moves D. move
解析:這是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。雖然主句用了一般過(guò)去時(shí),但由于從句敘述的是自然規(guī)律,所以時(shí)態(tài)仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),選C。
(2018年北部灣卷)As soon as she in Nanning, she will call you.
A. arrives B. arrive C. will arrive D. arrived
解析:本題題干為as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,并且主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),所以從句應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái),選A。
(2018年南充卷)—When is the school art festival?
—It will be held on time if it next Monday.
A. dont rain B. wont rain
C. doesnt rain D. didnt rain
解析:本題題干為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,并且主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),所以從句也應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái),選C。