鄭云英 張建果
[摘要] 目的 探討再次剖宮產(chǎn)采用兩種剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)式的效果。方法 方便選取2017年5月—2018年10月的108例再次剖宮產(chǎn)孕產(chǎn)婦作為研究對(duì)象,按照剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)式的不同分為兩組,對(duì)照組給予傳統(tǒng)腹壁縱切式,觀察組給予新式腹部橫切式,且對(duì)兩組孕產(chǎn)婦的術(shù)中出血量、開腹到胎兒娩出時(shí)間、手術(shù)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間、肛門排氣時(shí)間、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、新生兒Apger評(píng)分及產(chǎn)后盆腔粘連發(fā)生率進(jìn)行觀察及評(píng)估。 結(jié)果 觀察組與對(duì)照組的術(shù)中出血量(152.77±12.52)mL與手術(shù)時(shí)間(56.95±3.45)min相比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.050、1.485,P=0.961、0.141>0.05);觀察組開腹到胎兒娩出時(shí)間(12.95±1.05)min短于對(duì)照組 (t=9.842,P=0.001? <0.05)。觀察組住院時(shí)間(5.25±0.45)d與對(duì)照組的住院時(shí)間相比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.378,P=0.706>0.05);觀察組的肛門排氣時(shí)間(32.02±2.45)h短于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=26.336,P=0.001<0.05)。觀察組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率1.85%低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=11.818,P=0.001<0.05);觀察組與對(duì)照組的新生兒Apger評(píng)分(8.98±0.45)分相比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.757,P=0.451>0.05);觀察組產(chǎn)后盆腔粘連發(fā)生率11.11%低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=9.929,P=0.002<0.05)。 結(jié)論 傳統(tǒng)腹壁縱切式與新式腹部橫切式相比,后者優(yōu)勢(shì)更大,并發(fā)癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)少及盆腔粘連發(fā)生率低,對(duì)于瘢痕子宮妊娠孕產(chǎn)婦而言可行性更強(qiáng),而前者存在較高的盆腹腔粘連風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 再次剖宮產(chǎn);剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)式;傳統(tǒng)腹壁縱切式;新式腹部橫切式
[中圖分類號(hào)] R5? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2019)12(c)-0033-03
Comparison of the Effects of Two Cesarean Section Methods for Cesarean Section Again
ZHENG Yun-ying, ZHANG Jian-guo
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinglin Branch, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361022 China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of two cesarean sections on cesarean section. Methods 108 cases of cesarean section pregnant women from May 2017 to October 2018 were convenient selected as subjects. They were divided into two groups according to the cesarean section. The control group was given traditional abdominal wall longitudinal cut type. The observation group adopted new abdominal transection, and the intraoperative blood loss, laparotomy to fetal delivery time, operation time, hospital stay, anal exhaust time, complication rate, neonatal Apger score and postpartum pelvic adhesion occurrance rate for observation and evaluation in the two groups of pregnant women. Results There was no comparison between the intraoperative blood loss (152.77±12.52) mL and the operation time (56.95±3.45) min in the observation group and the control group, the difference was? not? statistically? significant (t=0.050, 1.485, P=0.961, 0.141>0.05). The time from the opening of the observation group to the delivery of the fetus (12.95±1.05) min was shorter than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(t=9.842, P=0.001<0.05). There was no significant difference between the observation group (5.25±0.45) d and the hospital stay,? the difference was? not? statistically? significant(t=0.378, P=0.706>0.05); the anus exhaust time of the observation group (32.02±2.45) h was shorter than In the control group? (t=26.336, P=0.001<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 1.85% lower than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(χ2=11.818, P=0.001<0.05). There was no significant difference in the Apger score (8.98±0.45) points between the observation group and the control group? (t=0.757, P=0.451>0.05); the incidence of postpartum pelvic adhesions in the observation group was 11.11% lower than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(χ2=9.929, P=0.002<0.05). Conclusion Compared with the new abdominal cross-cutting type, the traditional abdominal wall longitudinal cutting type has greater advantages, less risk of complications and lower incidence of pelvic adhesions. It is more feasible for pregnant women with scar uterus pregnancy, while the former has higher risk of pelvic abdominal adhesions.
[Key words] Re-cesarean section; Cesarean section; Traditional abdominal wall longitudinal cut; New abdominal cross-cut
剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)在臨床上得到廣泛應(yīng)用及推廣,不僅能夠解決難產(chǎn)問題,并且還能解決分娩并發(fā)癥,該方法主要是經(jīng)腹部切開子宮壁娩出胎兒的過程;近年來,隨著二胎政策的開放,越來越多婦女再次妊娠,尤其是瘢痕子宮孕婦,應(yīng)為其選擇合適剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)式,即在順利分娩胎兒的同時(shí)降低并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率及盆腔粘連發(fā)生率;該院為了探討再次剖宮產(chǎn)采用兩種剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)式的效果,方便選取2017年 5月—2018年10月的108例再次剖宮產(chǎn)孕產(chǎn)婦作為研究對(duì)象,報(bào)道如下。
1? 資料與方法
1.1? 一般資料
該次方便選取 108例再次剖宮產(chǎn)孕產(chǎn)婦作為研究對(duì)象,按照剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)式的不同分為兩組,對(duì)照組給予傳統(tǒng)腹壁縱切式,觀察組給予新式腹部橫切式。
觀察組共54例再次剖宮產(chǎn)孕產(chǎn)婦,其中平均年齡值(27.52±1.12)歲,年齡范圍21~36歲;平均孕周值(39.25±2.45)周,孕周范圍37~42周。對(duì)照組共54例再次剖宮產(chǎn)孕產(chǎn)婦,其中平均年齡值(27.58±1.18)歲,年齡范圍22~36歲;平均孕周值(39.29±2.47)周,孕周范圍38~42周。基本資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
108例再次剖宮產(chǎn)孕產(chǎn)婦同意參加該次研究,簽署知情同意書,經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.2? 方法
觀察組方法--給予新式腹部橫切式,先在雙側(cè)髂前上棘連線下方3 cm左右位置做一切口,僅切開皮膚,切口長(zhǎng)度控制在15 cm左右,其次由操作者采用手術(shù)刀在切口正中位置向下切開脂肪層,直至到達(dá)筋膜層,再在筋膜層作一小切口(2~3 m),沿著上下縱行方向采用血管鉗分離兩側(cè)直肌間,且橫向撕拉切口,直至滿意為主,分離腹膜外脂肪后在腹膜上撕開小切口,進(jìn)入腹腔,再沿著上下方向撕開,與此同時(shí)橫向切開膀胱反折腹膜,切口長(zhǎng)度為2~3 cm左右,采用示指沿著切口撕開膀胱反折腹膜,最后在子宮下段肌層中央部位作一橫行切口,再沿著子宮肌層切口兩側(cè)鈍性向上外側(cè)撕開,刺破羊膜囊后將羊水吸凈,娩出胎兒,隨后采用鉗子夾在子宮切口邊緣,幫助胎盤娩出,擦拭宮腔,縫合子宮肌層、筋膜、皮膚脂肪及皮膚等。
對(duì)照組方法--給予傳統(tǒng)腹壁縱切式,先在腹正中部位作一縱切,切口長(zhǎng)度控制在12~15 cm左右,逐層鈍性分離皮下組織;其次進(jìn)入腹腔,且在子宮下段肌層中央部位作一橫行切口,再沿著子宮肌層切口兩側(cè)鈍性向上外側(cè)撕開,刺破羊膜囊后將羊水吸凈,娩出胎兒,隨后采用鉗子夾在子宮切口邊緣,幫助胎盤娩出,擦拭宮腔;最后連續(xù)縫合子宮切口、膀胱側(cè)及子宮側(cè)腹膜切緣,再對(duì)腹腔進(jìn)行清洗后連續(xù)縫合腹直肌前鞘、皮下脂肪層及皮膚。
1.3? 觀察指標(biāo)
觀察及評(píng)估兩組孕產(chǎn)婦的術(shù)中出血量、開腹到胎兒娩出時(shí)間、手術(shù)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間、肛門排氣時(shí)間、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、新生兒Apger評(píng)分及產(chǎn)后盆腔粘連發(fā)生率。
新生兒Apger評(píng)分[2]--在胎兒分娩后立即進(jìn)行評(píng)估,評(píng)估內(nèi)容包括皮膚顏色、心搏速率、呼吸、肌張力、反射等,其中以得分為7~10 表示正常,以得分為4~7分表示為輕度窒息,以得分為0~3分表示為重度窒息。
1.4? 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
應(yīng)用SPSS 21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析, 計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較行t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料用[n(%)]表示,組間比較行χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2? 結(jié)果
2.1? 術(shù)中出血量、開腹到胎兒娩出時(shí)間、手術(shù)時(shí)間
觀察組與對(duì)照組的術(shù)中出血量與手術(shù)時(shí)間相比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組開腹到胎兒娩出時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義﹙P<0.05﹚;見表1。
2.2? 住院時(shí)間及肛門排氣時(shí)間
觀察組與對(duì)照組的住院時(shí)間相比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組的肛門排氣時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義﹙P<0.05﹚;見表2。
2.3? 并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率
觀察組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組﹙P<0.05﹚;見表3。
2.4? 新生兒Apger評(píng)分
觀察組與對(duì)照組的新生兒Apger評(píng)分相比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);見表4。
2.5? 產(chǎn)后盆腔粘連發(fā)生率
觀察組產(chǎn)后盆腔粘連發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義﹙P<0.05﹚;見表5。
3? 討論
分娩方式包括兩種,即為經(jīng)陰道自然分娩與剖腹產(chǎn),后者通常用于難產(chǎn)或合并產(chǎn)科并發(fā)癥等類型孕產(chǎn)婦,通過剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)達(dá)到挽救母嬰生命的目的,為此該方法在臨床上得到廣泛應(yīng)用及推廣[3-5];近年來,隨著醫(yī)療水平的不斷進(jìn)步,剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)采用傳統(tǒng)腹壁縱切式與新式腹部橫切式進(jìn)行分娩;兩者相比后者更受歡迎,即切口位置較低,具有切口美觀、恢復(fù)快等優(yōu)勢(shì),且在手術(shù)治療過程中僅需單次縫合子宮肌層,有利于避免并發(fā)癥的出現(xiàn),尤其是應(yīng)用于瘢痕子宮孕產(chǎn)婦,對(duì)減少術(shù)中粘連事件的發(fā)生具有積極作用;而前者更加適用于產(chǎn)后出血及胎頭高浮者,可在緊急情況下快速分娩胎兒,并且手術(shù)切口瘢痕較為明顯,可在一定程度上影響美觀[6-9]。
曾有學(xué)者研究表明:剖宮產(chǎn)采用新式腹部橫切式有利于縮短開腹到胎兒娩出時(shí)間;即在表1中可看出觀察組開腹到胎兒娩出時(shí)間(12.95±1.05)min短于對(duì)照組開腹到胎兒娩出時(shí)間(16.52±2.45)min,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);與相關(guān)學(xué)者研究結(jié)果一致,即B組的開腹到胎兒娩出時(shí)間(12.9±5.7)min顯著短于A組開腹到胎兒娩出時(shí)間(16.6±7.8)min,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);即可證實(shí)以上說法的準(zhǔn)確性;與此同時(shí)還能在一定程度上降低術(shù)后盆腔粘連發(fā)生率,即在表4中可看出觀察組產(chǎn)后盆腔粘連發(fā)生率11.11%低于對(duì)照組產(chǎn)后盆腔粘連發(fā)生率37.04%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);與另一學(xué)者研究結(jié)果一致,觀察組粘連發(fā)生率為19.23%,對(duì)照組粘連發(fā)生率為65.38%,兩組相比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者雖然出現(xiàn)不同程度粘連事件,但觀察組總發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組,且無粘連孕產(chǎn)婦占比更多,即說明新式腹部橫切式安全性更高,對(duì)保證孕產(chǎn)婦手術(shù)安全具有積極作用[10-12]。
綜上所述,傳統(tǒng)腹壁縱切式與新式腹部橫切式相比,后者優(yōu)勢(shì)更大,并發(fā)癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)少及盆腔粘連發(fā)生率低,對(duì)于瘢痕子宮妊娠孕產(chǎn)婦而言可行性更強(qiáng),而前者存在較高的盆腹腔粘連風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
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(收稿日期:2019-09-17)