趙存善
【課題】本文系“甘肅省教育科學(xué)‘十三五規(guī)劃2018年度《干預(yù)謂語動(dòng)詞量的方法在英語構(gòu)句中的價(jià)值研究》課題”的階段性成果(課題批準(zhǔn)號(hào)GS【2018】GHB1170)。
【中圖分類號(hào)】G633.41 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】2095-3089(2019)22-0089-02
Ⅰ.含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句(以do為例;S=主語)
注意事項(xiàng):
1.倒裝句
如果條件句中含有功能詞had,should,were時(shí),可以省去if,把功能詞提前,構(gòu)成倒裝句。
2.錯(cuò)綜條件句
若條件句和主句動(dòng)作不存在同一個(gè)時(shí)間,則謂語形式應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況而定。
3.If there werent/had not been +…=without…
4.If it were not for…/If it hadnt been for…= but for…
5.otherwise+虛擬語氣的句子
6.虛擬語氣的句子,but+陳述事實(shí)的句子
Ⅱ.虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中
1.wish+thatsb. did …(希望現(xiàn)在用過去式) sb. had done…(希望過去用過去完成式)sb. would/should do(希望將來用過去將來)
2.would rather后的從句要用虛擬語氣
例:I would rather I hadnt said such unkind things to you. (虛擬過去)
Id rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning. (虛擬將來)
Id rather you posted the letter right away.? (虛擬現(xiàn)在)
3.suggest+(that)S+should+do…
表示愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求等主觀意向的動(dòng)詞之后的賓語從句,謂語用should +動(dòng)詞原形,should常常省略。
這類詞有:decide,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,suggest,recommend,requested, require等。
注意:
(1)suggest 當(dāng)“建議”講時(shí),其賓語從句用虛擬語氣;當(dāng)“暗示、表明”時(shí),用陳述語氣。
(2)insist 當(dāng)堅(jiān)持“看法或建議”時(shí),賓語從句用虛擬語氣;當(dāng)堅(jiān)持“某個(gè)事實(shí)”時(shí),用陳述語氣。
判斷改錯(cuò):
(錯(cuò))Your pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
(對(duì))Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(錯(cuò)) I insisted that you (should) be wrong.
(對(duì)) I insisted that you were wrong.
Ⅲ.虛擬語氣用在主語從句中
It is demanded/necessary/a pity+that…等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句,謂語動(dòng)詞用should 加動(dòng)詞原形,should 可省略。
Ⅳ.虛擬語氣用在同位語從句中
某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀意向的名詞后同位語從句需用虛擬語氣,其表達(dá)形式為(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。
這類名詞常見的有:advice,suggestion,proposal(提議),order, demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation(推薦),plan,resolution(決議), idea等。
eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion (should)be put off.
V.虛擬語氣用在表語從句中
某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語時(shí),表語從句需用虛擬語氣,其表達(dá)形式為(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。
這類名詞常見的有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order, demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。
eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should) present the prizes.
VI.虛擬語氣用在定語從句中
It is (about/high) time+that sb.did sth./should do sth..
eg.Dont you think its about time we went home?
注意:在this is the first time/second time that…句型中,從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣完成時(shí)態(tài)。
eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong?