原作節(jié)選
As the death-carts1 carry the condemned2 prisoners3 through the streets of Paris, crowds watch to see the faces of those who are to die. In the chairs around the Guillotine4, the friends of Madame Defarge are waiting for her. “Teresa, Teresa Defarge! Who has seen her? Shes never missed before!”
But the death-carts have arrived, and the Guillotine has already begun its work. Crash5! — A head is held up, and the women who sit knitting count One.
The supposed Evrémode helps the young girl down from the cart. He carefully places her with her back to the Guillotine, and she looks up gratefully into his face.
“Because of you, dear stranger, I am calm. I think you were sent to me by God,”she whispers.
“Or perhaps He sent you to me,” says Sydney Carton. “Keep your eyes on me, dear child, and do not think of anything else.”
“I do not mind while I hold your hand. I shall not mind when I let it go, if they are quick.”
“They are quick. Fear not!”
She kisses his lips;he kisses hers. Now the Guillotine is waiting. The young girl goes next, before him. The women count Twenty-Two, and Carton walks forward.
Twenty-Three.
They said of him that it was the most peaceful6 face ever seen there. What passed through Sydney Cartons mind as he walked those last steps to his death? Perhaps he saw into the future…
“I see Barsad, Defarge, the judges, all dying under this terrible machine. I see a beautiful city being built in this terrible place. I see that new people will live here, in real freedom7. I see the lives for whom I give my life, happy and peaceful in that England which I shall never see again. I see Lucie when she is old, crying for me on this day every year, and I know that she and her husband remember me until their deaths. I see their son, who has my name, now a man. I see him become a famous lawyer and make my name famous by his work. I hear him tell his son my story.”
“It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done;it is a far, far better rest that I go to, than I have ever known.”
當(dāng)死囚車載著死刑犯?jìng)兇┻^巴黎的街道時(shí),人們集中注意力看那些臨死的人們的臉。德法奇夫人的朋友們正坐在斷頭臺(tái)周圍的椅子上等著她。“特麗莎,特麗莎·德法奇!誰見到她了? 她以前從來不曾錯(cuò)過這個(gè)!”
可死囚車已經(jīng)到了,斷頭臺(tái)已經(jīng)開始工作。咔嚓!——一個(gè)人頭被舉起來,坐在那兒編毛線活的女人們數(shù)著“一個(gè)”。
那個(gè)被當(dāng)做埃弗蒙的人幫著那個(gè)小女孩下了囚車。他小心地讓她背對(duì)著斷頭臺(tái),她感激地抬頭望著他的臉。
“因?yàn)槟H愛的陌生人,我才這樣平靜。我想你是上帝送給我的禮物?!彼÷曊f道。
“或許是上帝把你送給我的。”西德尼·卡登說,“眼睛看著我,親愛的孩子,別的什么事都不要想。”
“我拉著你的手就不害怕,松開手后我也不害怕,如果他們能快點(diǎn)的話?!?/p>
“他們很快。別怕?!?/p>
她吻了他的嘴唇;他也吻了她的。斷頭臺(tái)現(xiàn)在正在等著,下一個(gè)就是年輕的女孩子,在他之前。女人們數(shù)著二十二,接著卡登走上前去。
二十三。
人們談?wù)撍f他的臉是在那種地方見過的最平靜的臉。當(dāng)西德尼·卡登邁著最后的步伐向死亡走去時(shí),他的腦海中想到了什么? 也許他看到了未來……
“我看見巴薩德、德法奇、法官們都在這個(gè)可怕的機(jī)器下面死去。我看到一個(gè)美麗的城市正在這片可怕的土地上建立起來。我看到新一代的人民將在真正的自由中生活。我看到我為之付出生命的人們,他們幸福安寧地生活在我再也見不到的英國。我看見露茜年老的時(shí)候,每一年的這一天都會(huì)為我哭泣,我知道她和她的丈夫會(huì)一直到死都記著我。我看見他們的兒子,有著和我一樣的名字,現(xiàn)在長(zhǎng)成了一個(gè)男人。我看見他成了一位著名的律師并通過他的工作使我揚(yáng)名四方。我聽見他給他兒子講起我的故事?!?/p>
“我現(xiàn)在已做的,遠(yuǎn)比我所做過的一切都美好;我將獲得的休息,遠(yuǎn)比我所知道的一切都甜蜜?!?img src="https://cimg.fx361.com/images/2019/07/03/qkimagesczssczss201907czss20190710-2-l.jpg"/>
“那是最美好的時(shí)代,那是最糟糕的時(shí)代;那是個(gè)睿智的年月,那是個(gè)蒙昧的年月;那是信心百倍的時(shí)期,那是疑慮重重的時(shí)期……我們大家都在直升天堂,我們大家都在直下地獄。”(It was the best of times, it was the worst of times;it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness;it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity...)
這是《雙城記》(A Tale of Two Cities)的開頭,也是英語文學(xué)史上——或許可以說是世界文學(xué)史上——最為人熟知的句子。作者狄更斯是除莎士比亞之外最受英國民眾歡迎的作家。許多介紹狄更斯的文章都喜歡陳述他是如何精妙展示底層人民的苦難生活,以及如何在對(duì)黑暗社會(huì)不留情的揭露之中仍然留給人希望。
我第一次讀狄更斯的作品是在初中時(shí),讀的是《圣誕頌歌》。進(jìn)入大學(xué)中文系后,我喜歡上福樓拜、??思{、陀思妥耶夫斯基之類更關(guān)注心理或者寫作形式更為復(fù)雜的作家,對(duì)狄更斯大開大合的寫法和簡(jiǎn)單的善惡兩分變得不那么感興趣了。來到英國念書后,我的專業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向社會(huì)學(xué),倫敦是狄更斯最喜歡描寫的城市,他在倫敦的舊寓所改造成的博物館離我的學(xué)院也不過步行10來分鐘的距離。在多重機(jī)緣之下,我重新開始讀狄更斯的作品,《雙城記》就是其中我最偏愛的一本。
《雙城記》中的雙城指巴黎和倫敦。它將背景設(shè)在18世紀(jì)末的法國大革命時(shí)期。那是一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、社會(huì)文化發(fā)生全方位動(dòng)蕩的時(shí)代。在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)失敗的境況下,宗教與貴族勢(shì)力為了維持自己的奢侈享樂,變本加厲地壓迫、剝削平民。受啟蒙思潮和歐洲大面積爆發(fā)的革命以及改革風(fēng)潮的影響,法國社會(huì)長(zhǎng)期積壓的不滿情緒終于爆發(fā)。當(dāng)時(shí)的英國同樣暗潮涌動(dòng),而貴族和王室依舊沉浸在歌舞升平之中,對(duì)平民的苦難置之不理。狄更斯寫這本書所處的維多利亞時(shí)代是英國最動(dòng)蕩、也是發(fā)展最迅猛的階段。早期維多利亞女皇統(tǒng)治下的英國有著嚴(yán)重的貧困、兒童勞工等社會(huì)問題(狄更斯在其他作品如《霧都孤兒》中,也關(guān)注到這些),但在這位明君的治理下,加上海外擴(kuò)張帶來的快速資本積累,英國社會(huì)總體而言呈現(xiàn)出一種在黑暗中摸索前行的希望。狄更斯寫作這樣一部長(zhǎng)篇小說的真正目的,其實(shí)是借古諷今,借由對(duì)歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)的總結(jié),規(guī)勸統(tǒng)治階級(jí)體察民情,積極進(jìn)行社會(huì)改良。
《雙城記》可以說從側(cè)面展現(xiàn)了維多利亞時(shí)代對(duì)資本主義社會(huì)的思考,狄更斯看到了權(quán)貴階層的腐朽,也沒有忽視人性的復(fù)雜,德法奇太太一類革命者身上冷酷無情的一面在他的筆下展現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。無政府、無秩序的暴力革命有時(shí)會(huì)將人性拉入深淵,誰站在正義的一邊,這又該由誰來定義呢?文學(xué)閱讀和批評(píng)貴在爭(zhēng)鳴,感興趣的同學(xué)不妨試試讀完這本改寫版的《雙城記》。
(謝旭夢(mèng)/賞析)