張艷紅
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之分詞做狀語(yǔ)是必考考點(diǎn),本文主要對(duì)分詞的基本概念和狀語(yǔ)功能進(jìn)行梳理總結(jié)。
一、5個(gè)分詞的基本概念
1.doing: 現(xiàn)在分詞 一般式 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
2.being done: 現(xiàn)在分詞一般式 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
3.having done: 現(xiàn)在分詞 完成式 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
4.having been done:現(xiàn)在分詞 完成式 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
5.done :過(guò)去分詞
二、解析概念
1.doing ----- 表示分詞的動(dòng)作:
①正在進(jìn)行;②與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生;③相關(guān)名詞與doing之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系
Hearing the bell ,the students began to enter the classroom .
解析:①主語(yǔ)the students和分詞Hearing 之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系;②分詞Hearing和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞began to enter 的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
2.being done ----- 表示分詞的動(dòng)作:
①正在進(jìn)行;②與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā);③名詞 與being done 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
Being painted now,the classroom can not be used .
解析:①主語(yǔ)the classroom和分詞Being painted 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系;②分詞Being painted的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。
3.having done ----- 表示分詞的動(dòng)作:
①發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前;②名詞與having done 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。
Having finished the work ,Tom went out for play .
解析:①主語(yǔ)Tom和分詞Having finished 之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系;②分詞Having finished的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞went out for play之前。
4.having been done ----- 表示分詞的動(dòng)作:
①發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前;②名詞與having been done是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
Having been used for many years ,the car needs repairing .
解析:①主語(yǔ)the car和分詞Having been used 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系;②分詞Having been used的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞needs repairing之前。
5.done ----- 表示分詞的動(dòng)作:
①分詞本身動(dòng)作發(fā)生完了;②沒(méi)時(shí)間性;③名詞與done 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
Seen from the hill ,our school is very beautiful .
解析:①our school和seen 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系;②seen的動(dòng)作沒(méi)有時(shí)間性。
三、分詞做狀語(yǔ)的功能
時(shí)間,原因,條件,讓步,結(jié)果,方式,伴隨狀況
1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):Having finished the work,Tom went out for play.
2.原因狀語(yǔ):Being painted now,the classroom can not be used.
3.條件狀語(yǔ):Seen from the hill,our schoolyard looks very beau-tiful.
4.讓步狀語(yǔ):Having been warned many times,the boy still beca-me careless in doing the job.
5.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ):Football is played all over the world , making it the most popular sport.
6.方式狀語(yǔ):Being late for class , he came to school running all the way.
7.伴隨狀況狀語(yǔ):The students entered the classroom, talking and laughing.
四、分詞做狀語(yǔ)的判斷技巧
分詞5個(gè)做狀語(yǔ),逗號(hào)是標(biāo)志;主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)態(tài),謂語(yǔ)定時(shí)態(tài)。
另,伴隨狀況狀語(yǔ)通常在謂語(yǔ)后面,常不用逗號(hào)標(biāo)志。例如:The students entered the classroom talking and laughing .
總之,分詞做狀語(yǔ)是高頻考點(diǎn),尤其在語(yǔ)法填空、改錯(cuò)和寫(xiě)作部分,成為必備要點(diǎn)。