建筑設計：都市實踐建筑設計事務所

Architect:URBANUS

以四合院為代表的北京傳統(tǒng)院落式居住單元的魅力在于它有一種統(tǒng)合的力量，使本來關乎柴米油鹽的日常生活被升華到天、地、人、神和諧共居的精神境界。傳遞這種力量的是有關“四合”的空間類型學，簡單而魅力無窮。如何與時俱進地迭代升級四合院的功能品質(zhì)，卻又不降低其精神品格，依然要從類型學研究入手。

白塔寺東夾道72號院并不是個標準的合院，只有一房一院，大小相近。走進原來院子的第一感覺就是空間的單薄，院和房形影相吊；而今，第一眼看到改造后的效果卻是空間的豐滿，不僅僅和房內(nèi)外一體了，上下也一體了。這個類型學的“轉基因”在于“房”和“院”不再是實與虛的對立關系，而是被一個環(huán)形的幾何構架整合為互聯(lián)的一體，使整個場地變?yōu)榱藙討B(tài)的一體：房也是院，院也是房，是為“二合”。

“二”的對偶是為了“合”?！岸稀痹谶@里有好幾層含義。第一，它是場地的統(tǒng)合，通過屋與院二合一的空間演繹，證明了一個僅約100m2占地的傳統(tǒng)居住單位的確是一個尺度合宜的小宇宙，是城市在最小單元層面上的完美。第二，它也是院子和胡同環(huán)境的統(tǒng)合，通過院墻上、院門上半透的部分把白塔寺紅墻溢到院內(nèi)，同時也把這個做為白塔寺城市更新展廳的活力溢出到東夾道胡同。第三，它把壯觀的白塔景觀有機地統(tǒng)合進院子場景中。第四，這個鄰近阜成門內(nèi)大街的院子，也是通向白塔寺片區(qū)未來許許多多有趣的公共院落的門戶，所以它是以一個公共“門廳”院對偶著其他離散的獨立單元，是一棟住宅和一個片區(qū)的統(tǒng)合。

如果說“四合院”是關于空間的，那么“二合院”更重要的意義是關于時間。在城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展過程中，新舊更迭是個不可回避的問題。這個設計一方面把一個原先破陋的平房修復回符合場所歷史價值的標準制式老房，另一方面又以古建房為本體，無論植入怎樣的當下設計手段，都更彰顯傳統(tǒng)古建有強大的包容能力，逾古彌新。

1 總平面/Site plan

2 改造前平面/Floor plan before renovation

3 改造后平面/Floor plan after renovation1-主入口/Main entrance2-庭院/Courtyard3-廚房/Kitchen4-衛(wèi)生間/Bathroom5-客廳/Living room

4 改造前外景/Exterior views before renovation

5 改造前外景/Exterior views before renovation

項目信息/Credits and Data

項目名稱/Project Name: 二合院（暨白塔寺地區(qū)城市復興展示中心）/Two-in-One Courtyard (The Exhibition Centre for the Baitasi Area Urban Renewal)

客戶/Client: 北京華融金盈投資發(fā)展有限公司/Beijing Huarong Jinying Investment Development Co., Ltd.

地點/Location: 東夾道72號/No.72 Dongjiadao

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: 王輝/WANG Hui

設計團隊/Design Team: 姚詠梅，金晨佳，柴秉江，張富軍，汪蕾，劉通，李傳琛/YAO Yongmei, JIN Chenjia,CHAI Bingjiang, ZHANG Fujun, WANG Lei, LIU Tong, LI Chuanchen

合作/Collaborators: 互聯(lián)盟建筑設計（北京）有限公司/Anet Architects Alliance (Beijing) Co., Ltd.

結構設計/Structural Design: 李永明，趙艷國（荷捷建筑顧問（北京）有限公司）/LI Yongming, ZHAO Yanguo,

材料/Material: 大停泥磚，小停泥磚，黃花松木，清水混凝土，碳化木等/Mud brick, Olga bay larch, Concrete etc.項目面積/Project Area: 112m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 51m2

設計時間/Design Time: 2018.11-2019.03

施工時間/Construction Time: 2019.03-2019.06

竣工時間/Completion Time: 2019.06

繪圖/Drawings: 張富軍，柴秉江，李傳琛/ZHANG Fujun,CHAI Bingjiang, LI Chuanchen

攝影/Photos: 呂博/LYU Bo

Known as "Siheyuan" or "Quadrangles", the traditional Beijing courtyard house has the power of synthesis. The term "Quadrangles" refers to a foursided enclosed courtyard, whose simple but charming typology can sublime daily life to the level of the spiritual realm implying the compatibility among heaven, earth, human, and deity. How to enhance the functional quality without sacrificing the spiritual dimension is the kernel of our design strategy.

Located on the No.72 Dongjiadao of Baitasi,this courtyard is not a standard four-sides-enclosed one. It has only one building and one courtyard with similar size. Before the renovation, the original layout is that the building and the courtyard are very separated from each other. The new design efforts to integrate the two parts into one united space interconnected by a continuous circular structure.Therefore, the interlocked building and courtyard implies a "two-in-one" new courtyard typology.

The term "two-in-one" can be explained in different ways. First, by integrating the indoor living space and the open courtyard, it proves that the typical traditional residential unit with only around 100m2is a perfect minimum unit in the city in terms of scale. Secondly, it is also an integration between the private courtyard and the Hutong: the red wall from the Baitasi spills into the courtyard through the transparent design of the gate and the wall, and in return, it also allows the vitality of this courtyard functioning as the local urban renewal exhibition center to spread into the street. Thirdly, it integrates the Baitasi into the courtyard scene from the rooftop view. Lastly, as a common public gathering cente, it is also connected with many open-to-public courtyards in this area.

If "quadrangles courtyard" is concerned with space, then "two-in-one courtyard" is all about time.The juxtaposition of old and new is a continuing challenge in the process of sustainable urban development. To preserve the historical cultural value of the site, we restore the poor original house by elevating its structure to a higher standard of traditional courtyard house. Then by introducing contemporary architectural elements to the traditional setting, it helps to glorify the old the structure, and sets a good example of the new in the old. This is the very essence of the two-in-one.

6 鳥瞰/Aerial view

7 室外平臺/Outdoor platform

評論

王碩：這一項目所面臨的是一個比較獨特的問題，即胡同中存在一些院落單元，在拆違整飭后成為一些并非具有傳統(tǒng)四合院較好的空間圍合體驗的院子，這里更被推到了極致——只有一房一院。都市實踐的設計正是利用了這樣一個獨特的機會，提出了類似于公共藝術裝置的輕巧介入式思路。北房按照傳統(tǒng)建造體系完整恢復，而在此基礎上，以一個橢圓形平面，輕型建造體系，并可將訪客引至二層的“裝置”，置于房與院各一半，打破原本對峙的虛實空間，如同老藤纏繞著老樹共生，并藉此讓“老樹開新花”。院、圓、園，不同空間類型被模糊化再統(tǒng)合成為一個整體化的空間體驗。

范路：在二合院改造項目中，新植入的圓弧形內(nèi)院回廊是設計亮點。回廊主體以鋼、玻璃等現(xiàn)代材料構建，與白墻、磚瓦鋪地和原木色格柵相配合，形成了一個現(xiàn)代與傳統(tǒng)交織的公共活動空間。這個空間具有強烈的形式感和空間氛圍，成為一個當代的能量旋渦。它與該地區(qū)原有的精神高點——白塔自在對話，重塑了傳統(tǒng)四合院“天人合一”的精神品格。

8 內(nèi)院/Inner courtyards

9 內(nèi)院/Inner courtyards

Comments

WANG Shuo: This project is facing a quite unique problem - after the dismantling and rectification,there are some courtyard units in Hutong that became some yards without the good space enclosure experience of traditional courtyards - which has been pushed to the extreme here with only one house and one yard. The design of URBANUS exactly took advantage of such a unique opportunity and proposed a lightweight interventional approach similar to public art installations. The north house was restored in accordance with the traditional construction system,and on the basis of this, placed a "device" with an elliptical plane and light construction system that can lead visitors to the second floor half in the house and half in the courtyard. The original confrontation of void and solid space was broken, like the symbiosis of an old rattan twining the old tree, and thereby let the"old tree blossom new". Courtyard, circle and garden,different space types are fuzzi fied and integrated into a holistic space experience. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

FAN Lu: In the renovation project of Two-in-One Courtyard, the newly inserted "circular cloister" is the main design feature. The "cloister" is mainly made of modern materials such as steel and glass and is coordinated with claddings of stucco wall, grey brick pavement and wood grille. Then the central courtyard becomes a contemporary public space with traditional atmosphere. It could be regarded as a spiritual eddy that echoes with the historical Baita in the district and reshapes the spatial quality of "the unity of heaven and man".

10 內(nèi)院/Inner courtyards

11 分解軸測/Exploded axonometric drawing