冼貞
【摘要】 目的:觀察在高血壓患者中采取個(gè)體化延續(xù)護(hù)理對(duì)其生存質(zhì)量的影響分析。方法:選取2016年4月-2018年4月在筆者所在醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科收治的以高血壓為診斷的患者142例,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字法分成對(duì)照組(71例)與延續(xù)組(71例),其中對(duì)照組患者出院前采取常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù),延續(xù)組采取個(gè)體化延續(xù)性護(hù)理干預(yù),對(duì)兩組進(jìn)行有效隨訪6個(gè)月。對(duì)照兩組患者護(hù)理干預(yù)前、后平均收縮壓、舒張壓水平,遵醫(yī)囑行為及護(hù)理干預(yù)前后生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分比較。結(jié)果:經(jīng)過護(hù)理干預(yù)后兩組患者收縮壓及舒張壓水平較干預(yù)前有顯著下降,其中延續(xù)組患者收縮壓及舒張壓水平明顯低于對(duì)照組,延續(xù)組患者在按時(shí)用藥、血壓監(jiān)測(cè)、規(guī)律作息、健康飲食生活規(guī)律的遵醫(yī)行為上明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,干預(yù)后延續(xù)組患者的生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。結(jié)論:個(gè)體化延續(xù)性護(hù)理干預(yù)用于高血壓患者護(hù)理,能夠改善患者收縮壓與舒張壓水平,提高患者按時(shí)用藥、血壓監(jiān)測(cè)、規(guī)律作息、健康飲食生活規(guī)律的遵醫(yī)行為,進(jìn)而提高患者生存質(zhì)量,效果理想。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 個(gè)體化延續(xù)護(hù)理; 高血壓患者; 生存質(zhì)量; 常規(guī)護(hù)理
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2019.16.037 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 B 文章編號(hào) 1674-6805(2019)16-00-03
【Abstract】 Objective:To observe the effect of individualized continuing nursing on the quality of life of patients with hypertension.Method:A total of 142 patients with hypertension were admitted to the Department of endocrinology in our hospital from April 2016 to April 2018.They were randomly divided into control group(71 cases) and continuation group(71 cases).Patients in control group were given routine nursing intervention before discharge.Individualized continuation nursing intervention was adopted in the continuation group.The two groups were followed up effectively for 6 months.The average systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure before and after nursing intervention,compliance behavior and quality of life score before and after nursing intervention were compared between the two groups.Result:After nursing intervention,the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure levels of the continuation group were significantly lower than those of the control group;the compliance behavior of the continuation group in medication on time,blood pressure monitoring,regular work and rest,and healthy diet and life were significantly better than those of the control group;after intervention,the quality of life score of the continuous group was significantly higher than that of the control group;the differences of the indexes between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion:Individualized continuing nursing intervention can improve the level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension,improve the compliance of patients with medication on time,blood pressure monitoring,regular work and rest,healthy diet and living rules,and then improve the quality of life of patients with satisfactory results.
【Key words】 Individualized continuous nursing; Hypertensive patients; Quality of life; Routine nursing
First-authors address:First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510405,China
高血壓臨床發(fā)病率極高,可引起多種心腦血管病變,嚴(yán)重影響生存質(zhì)量,適度降壓為其合理解決方式之一[1]。長(zhǎng)期口服降壓藥為首選治療方案,而此類患者住院護(hù)理時(shí)間短,大多數(shù)時(shí)間均在家自行口服藥,隨著病程的延長(zhǎng)重視程度降低,遵醫(yī)性變差,血壓控制不穩(wěn)定,使患者生存質(zhì)量下降[2]。采用延續(xù)性護(hù)理,能夠使患者在出院后依然受到有效的護(hù)理,能夠延續(xù)患者醫(yī)院的護(hù)理。本研究采取個(gè)體化延續(xù)性護(hù)理干預(yù)方式用于高血壓患者,取得了較好的成效,現(xiàn)將研究結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2016年4月-2018年4月筆者所在醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科收治診斷為高血壓的142例患者為研究對(duì)象,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合高血壓診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):血壓≥140/90 mm Hg;(2)高血壓病史明確;(3)長(zhǎng)期口服1種以上降壓藥物。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)生活不能自理;(2)繼發(fā)性高血壓;(3)認(rèn)知障礙/精神障礙者[3-5]。所有患者均知情同意本次研究。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字法將患者分成兩組,對(duì)照組71例中,男37例,女34例;年齡42~78歲,平均(63.3±5.7)歲;病程0.4~6.9年,平均(2.9±0.2)年。延續(xù)組71例中,男36例,女35例;年齡41~79歲,平均(63.7±5.2)歲;病程0.5~7.0年,平均(3.0±0.3)年。兩組患者的一般資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2 方法
對(duì)照組:采用飲食、心理、健康教育及用藥指導(dǎo)等方面的護(hù)理,患者出院前醫(yī)生為患者制定出院后用藥計(jì)劃,并告知患者按時(shí)來院復(fù)查。
延續(xù)組:(1)組成專業(yè)的護(hù)理小組團(tuán)隊(duì),小組成員要對(duì)疾病有專業(yè)的了解并具備成熟的經(jīng)驗(yàn),能夠保障患者的護(hù)理質(zhì)量。(2)建立個(gè)人檔案。整理收集所有患者的一般資料和病情等情況,分析患者個(gè)體化差異。(3)實(shí)施。①根據(jù)患者資料,分析患者理解能力,選取正確的交流方向,恢復(fù)患者自信,使患者更好地適應(yīng)社會(huì)環(huán)境。②個(gè)體化降血壓治療。對(duì)患者提出的困惑與疑問進(jìn)行解答,態(tài)度溫和耐心的給予講解。③對(duì)患者的飲食進(jìn)行干預(yù)。制定合理的飲食計(jì)劃,注重營(yíng)養(yǎng)搭配。④制定個(gè)體化的康復(fù)鍛煉流程,根據(jù)患者身體情況,必要時(shí)求助康復(fù)醫(yī)生,以提高抵抗力。⑤通過電子郵件、微信平臺(tái)、微信群互動(dòng),開設(shè)講會(huì),介紹經(jīng)驗(yàn),提高患者提高生活質(zhì)量信心。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
檢測(cè)患者干預(yù)后舒張壓、收縮壓,方法:在同一時(shí)間段采用同一血壓計(jì)由同一檢測(cè)人員檢測(cè),取平均值。調(diào)查患者的遵醫(yī)囑行為,主要包括按時(shí)用藥、血壓監(jiān)測(cè)、規(guī)律作息、健康飲食生活規(guī)律四大項(xiàng)。本組研究采用世界衛(wèi)生組織生存質(zhì)量簡(jiǎn)表(WHOQOL-BREF)對(duì)護(hù)理干預(yù)前、后的生活質(zhì)量,包括6大點(diǎn),分別是生理、心理、社會(huì)、環(huán)境、獨(dú)立、精神世界,每項(xiàng)分為4小題,每題分?jǐn)?shù)滿分5分,1分和5分分別表示消極和積極,分?jǐn)?shù)與生活質(zhì)量成正比[6]。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
本研究數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析和處理,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用字2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者治療前后收縮壓及舒張壓水平比較
護(hù)理干預(yù)前,兩組患者收縮壓及舒張壓水平比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。護(hù)理干預(yù)后,兩組患者收縮壓及舒張壓水平較干預(yù)前有顯著下降,其中延續(xù)組患者收縮壓及舒張壓水平明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001),見表1。
2.2 兩組患者遵醫(yī)行為比較
延續(xù)組患者在按時(shí)用藥、血壓監(jiān)測(cè)、規(guī)律作息、健康飲食生活規(guī)律的遵醫(yī)行為明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001),見表2。
2.3 兩組患者干預(yù)前后WHOQOL-BREF調(diào)查評(píng)分比較
干預(yù)前兩組患者WHOQOL-BREF調(diào)查評(píng)分差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。干預(yù)后延續(xù)組患者的生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001),見表3。
3 討論
高血壓患者一經(jīng)診斷需終身服藥,因缺乏有效護(hù)理干預(yù),隨著出院時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),發(fā)生懈怠心理,擅自減少藥物服用數(shù)量及藥量,更換藥物種類等等現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn),導(dǎo)致患者的生活質(zhì)量大大降低[7]。以往患者只有在醫(yī)院時(shí)才能接受專業(yè)的護(hù)理,而延續(xù)性護(hù)理則能夠使患者在家中接受專業(yè)化的護(hù)理,制定具有針對(duì)性的護(hù)理措施,在完成心理疏導(dǎo)同時(shí),提高患者危機(jī)意識(shí),養(yǎng)成家中自測(cè)血壓、分析其血壓變化原因的好習(xí)慣[8-9];并借助微信平臺(tái),每日對(duì)患者服藥進(jìn)程進(jìn)行監(jiān)督,并定期開展健康課程,提高患者的健康意識(shí),進(jìn)而改善患者生存質(zhì)量[10-15]。本研究中,在護(hù)理干預(yù)前,兩組患者收縮壓及舒張壓水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),可見在護(hù)理干預(yù)前,兩組患者的血壓水平均較差。經(jīng)過護(hù)理干預(yù)后,兩組患者收縮壓及舒張壓水平較干預(yù)前有顯著下降,其中延續(xù)組患者收縮壓及舒張壓水平明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)??梢娊?jīng)過個(gè)體化延續(xù)性護(hù)理干預(yù),可明顯改善患者血壓水平。延續(xù)組患者在按時(shí)用藥、血壓監(jiān)測(cè)、規(guī)律作息、健康飲食生活規(guī)律的遵醫(yī)行為上明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)??梢娊?jīng)過個(gè)體化延續(xù)性護(hù)理干預(yù),可明顯提高患者的遵醫(yī)行為。干預(yù)前兩組患者WHOQOL-BREF調(diào)查評(píng)分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);干預(yù)后延續(xù)組患者的生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001),可見經(jīng)過個(gè)體化延續(xù)性護(hù)理干預(yù),可明顯改善患者的生存質(zhì)量。
綜上所述,在高血壓患者的護(hù)理中,采取個(gè)體化延續(xù)性護(hù)理干預(yù),可明顯改善患者收縮壓與舒張壓水平,提高患者按時(shí)用藥、血壓監(jiān)測(cè)、規(guī)律作息、健康飲食生活規(guī)律的遵醫(yī)行為,進(jìn)而提高患者生存質(zhì)量,效果理想。
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(收稿日期:2019-01-08) (本文編輯:郎序瑩)