李卉嬪

“China-Pakistan Economic Corridor，a cooperative project serving the people"

——An Interview with Yao Jing， Chinese Ambassador to Pakistan

在中國，人們常常用“巴鐵”一詞指代巴基斯坦，意思是巴基斯坦跟中國是“鐵哥們兒”“鐵桿朋友”。近年來，隨著“一帶一路”建設(shè)的不斷深入，兩國經(jīng)貿(mào)合作、人文交流更是欣欣向榮。2018年11月，習(xí)近平主席在首屆中國國際進(jìn)口博覽會期間會見巴基斯坦總理伊姆蘭·汗時強(qiáng)調(diào)，“要夯實中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊早期收獲項目，推動走廊建設(shè)向產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)、社會民生等領(lǐng)域拓展。要用好2019年中巴友好城市年契機(jī)，促進(jìn)更活躍的人文交流?！苯衲?月，中巴自貿(mào)協(xié)定草簽，中國對巴出口的大部分商品實施零關(guān)稅。為此，本刊記者專訪了中國駐巴基斯坦大使姚敬，請他為我們解讀兩國經(jīng)貿(mào)與人文交流的現(xiàn)狀和未來趨勢。

記者：請問中巴全天候戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系的特殊性體現(xiàn)在哪些方面？

姚敬：中巴建交68年來，兩國歷經(jīng)風(fēng)雨考驗，堪稱國與國交往的典范，成為“鐵桿朋友”，其相處之道可以概括為三個字：

一是“信”。在推進(jìn)合作中，雙方始終尊重對方獨(dú)立、主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，尊重對方根據(jù)本國國情選擇的發(fā)展道路，充分考慮對方的感受和舒適度。

二是“情”。在新中國打破外部封鎖、恢復(fù)聯(lián)合國合法席位及四川汶川大地震等關(guān)鍵時刻，巴基斯坦都向中國提供堅定支持。在巴基斯坦推動經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展、維護(hù)國家安全、遭受自然災(zāi)害的關(guān)鍵時刻，中國也始終不渝地同巴基斯坦站在一起，提供力所能及的支持和幫助。

三是“義”。在一系列國際和地區(qū)重大問題上，兩國始終相互配合，主持公道，秉持正義，共同維護(hù)發(fā)展中國家的共同利益，成為促進(jìn)世界和平、穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展的重要力量。

隨著“一帶一路”倡議的提出，中巴關(guān)系步入新時代。習(xí)近平主席指出，中巴關(guān)系應(yīng)當(dāng)成為睦鄰友好的典范、地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定的支柱、“一帶一路”國際合作的標(biāo)桿。兩國正在朝著更加緊密的中巴命運(yùn)共同體邁進(jìn)。

記者：經(jīng)過5年的發(fā)展，中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊進(jìn)入提質(zhì)升級的新階段，請問提質(zhì)升級將從哪些方面開展。

姚敬：習(xí)近平主席在推進(jìn)“一帶一路”建設(shè)工作5周年座談會上指出，推動共建“一帶一路”向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)變，是下一階段“一帶一路”工作的基本要求。作為“一帶一路”框架下進(jìn)展最快的全要素合作項目，中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊也在提質(zhì)升級，進(jìn)入充實、拓展的新階段。

一是向產(chǎn)業(yè)合作充實。走廊建設(shè)正在從大型基建為主，轉(zhuǎn)向吸引資本來巴投資設(shè)廠。中方鼓勵有能力的企業(yè)赴巴投資，目前，長安汽車、東風(fēng)汽車、中國重汽等中國本土汽車企業(yè)來巴投資建設(shè)生產(chǎn)線，安徽德力玻璃與巴方JW集團(tuán)在當(dāng)?shù)睾腺Y建廠。巴政府也多次表示將出臺吸引外資優(yōu)惠政策，營造良好營商環(huán)境。相信未來會有越來越多的中國企業(yè)來巴投資興業(yè)。

二是向民生援助傾斜。2018年12月，中巴雙方建立了走廊社會民生工作組。中方派出專家組在巴各地考察，梳理了一批“短平快”“小而美”的民生項目。項目覆蓋農(nóng)業(yè)、扶貧、衛(wèi)生、教育、供水、職業(yè)培訓(xùn)六大領(lǐng)域，將很快落地，對提升巴基斯坦普通民眾的生活水平意義重大。

三是向西部欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)拓展。巴基斯坦西部的開普省、俾路支省經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相對滯后，根據(jù)巴方需要，中方加大了對巴西部地區(qū)的投入。走廊框架下即將動工的第一個工業(yè)園——拉沙卡伊工業(yè)園就位于開普省。在俾路支省，中國企業(yè)運(yùn)營的瓜達(dá)爾港面貌日新月異。就在今年3月底，伊姆蘭·汗總理出席了瓜達(dá)爾港新國際機(jī)場動工儀式并宣布，中巴雙方簽署中方在當(dāng)?shù)卦殬I(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)校和醫(yī)院的有關(guān)文件。

過去5年，中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊一直走在“一帶一路”建設(shè)前列。我相信在雙方的共同努力下，走廊提質(zhì)升級也將快速取得進(jìn)展，在“一帶一路”向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展中起到帶頭作用。

記者：請您介紹一下中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊建設(shè)的最新進(jìn)展情況及其對巴的影響。

姚敬：中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊自2013年提出以來，特別是2015年習(xí)近平主席訪巴以來，已在瓜達(dá)爾港、能源、交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和產(chǎn)業(yè)合作等領(lǐng)域，取得顯著進(jìn)展。走廊已經(jīng)是“一帶一路”框架下在建項目最多、進(jìn)展最快的全要素合作項目。

目前，走廊“1+4”合作布局下的四大領(lǐng)域和全巴四個省份都有項目落地。瓜達(dá)爾港運(yùn)營步入正軌，自由區(qū)開園營業(yè)，30多家中巴企業(yè)入駐。一批大型燃煤電站和新能源項目投產(chǎn)運(yùn)營，有效緩解當(dāng)?shù)仉娏Χ倘?，其中薩希瓦爾侶2萬千瓦燃煤電站僅用22個月就運(yùn)營發(fā)電，建成之快創(chuàng)世界紀(jì)錄。走廊框架下的交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施“兩大”項目喀喇昆侖公路二期升級改造和木爾坦至蘇庫爾高速公路將于今年下半年陸續(xù)通車。走廊首個產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)拉沙卡伊工業(yè)園也將于近期動工。

巴基斯坦各界和國際輿論普遍認(rèn)為，走廊是巴經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的重要引擎。2018財年，巴經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率達(dá)5.8%，創(chuàng)過去10年來最高。走廊為當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣駝?chuàng)造近8萬個就業(yè)崗位，有機(jī)構(gòu)估算，到2030年將直接或間接創(chuàng)造70萬個就業(yè)機(jī)會。走廊還向國際社會顯示了巴基斯坦發(fā)展欣欣向榮、和平穩(wěn)定的正面形象，幫助巴基斯坦吸引更多外國直接投資。

記者：請您介紹一下兩國在民心相通領(lǐng)域的合作情況，未來還將挖掘哪些合作潛力？

姚敬：中巴特殊友好不僅體現(xiàn)在中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊為“一帶一路”建設(shè)發(fā)揮先行先試作用，也體現(xiàn)在兩國民心相通和人文交流領(lǐng)域的合作走在沿線國家前列。2018年，兩國人員交往近20萬人次。2.8萬名巴基斯坦學(xué)生在華留學(xué)，位居世界第三，其中享受中國政府獎學(xué)金人數(shù)全球第一。雙方迄今已建立16對友好省市。在衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域，中方多次向巴派出醫(yī)療隊，目前，中國紅十字會在瓜達(dá)爾港有常駐醫(yī)療隊，2018年中國眼科醫(yī)療隊赴巴開展“光明行”義診，為500多名白內(nèi)障患者帶來光明。中巴兩國每年互相派出多個藝術(shù)團(tuán)組，精湛演出得到兩國民眾稱贊。

走廊是服務(wù)人民的合作項目，帶給當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦氖菍崒嵲谠诘睦?。中國和平發(fā)展基金會援建的中巴友誼學(xué)校是走廊框架下竣工的第一個項目。學(xué)校本來只能容納150名兒童，但開學(xué)當(dāng)天就吸引了500人前來報到。走廊最新投產(chǎn)的塔爾二區(qū)塊煤電項目上，幾十名巴基斯坦婦女駕駛貨車，成為支撐家庭的“巾幗英雄”。兩國政府建立的走廊社會民生工作組，將很快開展一系列貼近民眾、迅速見效的民生項目?？梢哉f，在中巴兩國人民的共同努力下，中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊正在成為巴基斯坦走向繁榮、人民生活更加幸福的希望走廊。

In China， people often use the term "BaTie" to refer to Pakistan， which meansthat Pakistan and China are "faithful pals"and "sworn friends". In recent years，with the continuous deepening of theBelt and Road， the two countries enjoyeven flourishing economic and tradecooperation as well as cultural exchanges.During the lst China Intemational ImportExpo held in November 2018， ChinesePresident Xi Jinping met with PakistaniPrime Minister Imran Khan and stressed，"We will consolidate the early-harvestprojects of the China-Pakistan EcononucCorridor and promote the construction ofthe corridor to the direction of building theindustrial parks and carry out projects inthe field of social livelihood. We shouldtake the opportunity of 2019， the year ofChina-Pakistan sister cities， to carry outmore cultural exchanges." This April， theChina-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement wasinitialled. According to the agreement，the majority of the Pakistan goods to beexported to China will be zero-tariffed.Under this topic， our correspondent had aninterview with Mr. Yao Jing， the ChineseAmbassador to Pakistan， and asked himto share with us the current situationand future trend of economic and tradeexchanges between the two countries.

Reporter： Could you share with us inwhat sense is China-Pakistan All-weatherAtrategic Partnership special？

Yao Jing： Since the diplomatic tiewas established 68 years ago， China andPakistan have withstood challenges anddifficulties， and they have become a modelof state-to-state exchanges. We havebecome "sworn friends". I would liketo attribute our close friendslup to threereasons.

The first is that we hold trust foreach other. In the course of advancingcooperation， we always respect eachother's independence， sovereigntyand territorial integrity， respect thedevelopment path chosen by each otheraccording to our national conditions， andfully consider each other's feelings and tryto make each other comfortable.

The second is that we both cherish thefriendship between us. Pakistan offeredresolute support to China in several casesof critical time， for example， the timewhen new China was trying to breakthrough the external blockade afier itsfounding， the time when China regainedits legitimate seat of the United Nations，and the time when Wenchuan earthquakeoccurred in Sichuan. Similarly， at thecritical moments when Pakistan promoteseconomic and social development，safeguards national security， and suffersnatural disasters， China always stands withPakistan and offers support and assistancewithin its capabilities.

The third is that we both adhere torighteousness and integrity. On a series ofmajor international and regional issues，we two countries have always workedtogether and held firmly the justice. Weboth safeguard the common interests ofdeveloping countries and have become animportant force in promoting world peace，stability and development.

With the proposal of the Belt andRoad Intiative， China-Pakistan relationshave entered a new era. President XiJinping pointed out that China-Pakistanrelations should be a model of goodneighborly and friendly relation， a pillarof regional peace and stability， and abenchmark for international cooperationin the framework of the Belt and RoadInitiative. The two countries are movingtowards a closer relation as a communityof shared future.

Reporter： After 5 year ofdevelopment. China-Pakistan EconomicCorridor has entered a new phase ofqualily upgrading. Then how can thisquality upgrading be realized？

Yao Jing： President Xi Jinpingpointed out at the symposium on the 5thanniversary of promoting the developmentof the Belt and Road that it is the basicrequirement for the next phase of the "Beltand Road" construction to maintain thehigh-quality development. As the fastest-growing all-factor cooperation projectunder the Belt and Road framework， theChina-Pakistan Economic Corridor is alsoupgrading and entering a new stage ofreplenishment and extension.

In the new stage， replenishment isgoing to be carried out in the industrialcooperation. The Corridor constructionis shifting from building large-scaleinfrastructures to attracting investmentto Pakistan. China encourages capableenterprises to invest in Pakistan. Atpresent， Chinese auto companies such asChangan Automobile， Dongfeng Motorand Sinotruk have invested in Pakistanto set up production lines. Anhui DeliHousehold Glass and Pakistan JW Grouphave established ajoint venture in Pakistan.The Pakistani govemment also has restatedthat it will introduce preferential policies toattract foreign investment and create a goodbusiness environment. I believe that moreand more Chinese companies will invest inPakistan in the future.

The new stage will deploy some ofthe resources toward the livelihood inPakistan. In December of last year， Chinaand Pakistan teamed up a working groupfor the social and livelihood improvementfor the Corridor. China has sent a teamof experts to investigate in Pakistan， andproposed a number of time-saving， smallbut worthy livelihood projects which areexpected to result in significant impact onimproving local people's living condition.These projects cover six major areas：agriculture， poverty alleviation， health，education， drinking water supply andvocational training. They will soon beapproved and implemented.

In the new stage， the resourceallocation will be extended to theless developed western Pakistan. Theeconomic development in the westernprovinces of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa andBalochistan relatively lags behind theaverage level of Pakistan. ConsideringPakistan's needs， China has increased itsinvestment in the western region. The firstindustrial park， the Rashakai IndustrialPark， which is about to be built underthe Corridor project framework， is rightsettled in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. TheGwadar Port in Balochistan， operated by aChinese company， is changing rapidly. Atthe end of March this year， Prime MinisterImran Khan attended the commencementceremony of the new intemational airportin Gwadar and announced the signing ofthe agreement between China and Pakistanon the building of vocational and technicalschools and hospitals in Pakistan.

In the past five years， the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor has been at theforefront ofthe development of the Belt andRoad. I believe that with the joint efforts ofour two countries， the quality upgrading ofthe Corridor will also make rapid progress，and take the lead in the high-qualitydevelopment ofthe Belt and Road.

Reporter： Please tell us aboutthe latest progress of China-pakistanEconomic Corridor construction， and itsimpact on Pakistan

Yao Jing： Since the proposal ofthe China-Pakistan Economic Corridorin 2013， especially since PresidentXi Jinping visited Pakistan in 2015，remarkable progress has been madein the fields of Gwadar Port， energy，transport infrastructure and industrialcooperation. The Corridor is alreadyan all-factor cooperation program withthe most undergoing projects and therapidest progress under the Belt and Roadframework.

At present， the four major areasunder the "1+4" cooperation layoutof the Corridor and the four provincesthroughout Pakistan have projectsapproved and landed. The operation ofGwadar Port is on the right track; theFree Trade Zone is open for business;and more than 30 Chinese and Pakistanicompanies are settled. A number oflarge-scale coal-fired power stationsand new energy projects have comeinto operation， effectively alleviatinglocal power shortages. Among them， theSahiwal Coal-fired Power Station with acapacity of l.32 million-kilowatt cameinto use in 22 months， setting a worldrecord in terms of the construction speed.Under the Corridor project framework，the two major projects， the second phaseupgrading and renovation project of theKarakoram Highway， and the Multan-Sukkur Expressway project， will beopened to traffic in the second half of thisyear. The first industrial park along theCorridor， the Rashakai Industrial Park，will also commence m the near future.

All circles in Pakistan and theinternational public opinions generallybelieve that the Corridor is an importantengine of economic growth in Pakistan.In the fiscal year 2018， Pakistan'seconomic growth rate reached 5.8%，the highest in the past decade. TheCorridor program provided nearly 80，000employment posts to the local job market.It is estimated that by 2030， it will haveprovided 700，000 job opportunities，directly or indirectly. The Corridor alsoshowed the international community apositive image of Pakistan's prosperous，peaceful and stable development. Thishelps Pakistan attract more foreign directinvestment.

Reporter： Could you tell us aboutthe cooperarion between Pakistan andChina on the aspect of people-to-peopleconnectivity？ What kind of other potentialsof cooperotion will be explored in thefuture？

Yao Jing： The special friendshipbetween China and Pakistan is not onlyreflected in the pioneering role of theChina-Pakistan Economic Corridor forthe development of the Belt and Road， butalso in the fact that the people-to-peopleconnectivity and the cultural exchangesbetween China and Pakistan take the leadamong the countries along the route. In2018， the people of two countries paidnearly 200，000 exchange visits Thereare 28，000 Pakistani students enrolledin Chinese universities， ranking third inthe world. It tops in the world ranking interms of the student number receivingChinese government scholarship. The twocountries have so far established 16 pairsof sister provinces and cities. In the fieldof health， China has sent medical teamsto Pakistan several times. At present，the Red Cross Society of China has aresident medical team in Gwadar Port.Last year， the Chinese ophthalmologicalmedical workers went to Pakistan toconduct a "Bright Travel" clinic activity，helping more than 500 cataract patientsrecover their eyesight. Every year， the twocountries send a number of art groups toeach other， bringing excellent performancefor the two peoples.

The Corridor is a cooperative programserving the local people with real benefit.The China-Pakistan Friendship Schoolis the first project completed underthe Corridor program with the fund ofthe China Foundation for Peace andDevelopment. The school was originallydesigned to receive 150 children， but500 came on the opening day of theschool. Dozens of Pakistani women drovetrucks for the coal-electricity project inthe second section of Thar Coalfield，becoming the "heroines" who supporttheir families. The social and livelihoodworking group of the Corridor programteamed up by the two governments willsoon launch a series of livelihood projectsthat are closely related to the life of thepeople and are expected to be efficient.With the joint efforts of the peoples of thetwo nations， the China-Pakistan EconomicCorridor is becoming a corridor leadingPakistan to prosperity and the people tohappiness.