陳輝
自四川省高考加入全國卷考題行列以來,又一新的題型——語法填空,成為考察我們學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)知識掌握和運用的一個重要環(huán)節(jié),分?jǐn)?shù)占比試卷總分的10%。而這一題型,把優(yōu)生和差生的區(qū)別更加擴大化,因此,對于普通學(xué)生而言,掌握這一題型的考點,掌握基本的解題技巧無疑是縮小差距的捷徑。近年來,我就從語法填空給詞方向進行了探索,初步歸納成以下幾個考點方向結(jié)合平時學(xué)生練習(xí)里出現(xiàn)的考題,供入門的學(xué)生進行參考。
基礎(chǔ)知識
1.七有三無。(七個給詞,三個不給詞)
2.三無考點填介詞,冠詞,連詞,三無只能填一個詞。七有考代詞,名詞,形副詞,動詞的轉(zhuǎn)化,要根據(jù)所給詞的正確形式填,通常不超過3個詞(比如形容詞最高級the most beautiful,完成進行have/has/had been doing,完成被動have/has/had been done)。
3.注意基本詞性搭配。形修名,副修動/形/副/介短/句子,動+賓,介+賓,冠+形+名,固定短語,非謂語動詞(主動用Ving,被動用Ved,將要發(fā)生用to do等),時態(tài)搭配,主動被動,固定句型,it作形主或形賓。
考點及解題技巧歸納:
考點一:給名詞
1.變復(fù)數(shù)(注意橫線前后提示數(shù)量的各種限定詞,比如both,two,several,there be 句型動詞是are等)
2. 轉(zhuǎn)化形容詞(橫線在be, 副詞之后;或者橫線后還有一個名詞)
3. 轉(zhuǎn)化成動詞(注意句子成分分析,找準(zhǔn)主句的主謂賓,再判定是做謂語還是非謂語)
注意:即可作名詞,又可做動詞的詞,首先判斷清楚橫線上要填的詞的詞性。
例1. A few(stop) later, a passenger sat down next to Simmons and started a __(friend) conversation.(橫線1考察復(fù)數(shù)名詞,橫線2考察形修名,答案分別是stops和friendly)
例2.Then he ____(stop) by a woman when he was at a red light.(考察被動語態(tài),狀語從句的was提示過去時態(tài),答案為was stopped)
考點二:給代詞
1.做主語用主格; 做賓語用賓格或反身代詞; 做定語用形容詞性物主代詞(注意獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu):形代+Ving。做主語也可以是主格+Ving,做賓語也可以是賓格+Ving); 做名詞用名詞性物主代詞
2.It作形主或形賓
3.that做代詞的用法,those用作that對應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)
例1. (he) mother also said they still don’t know who the old woman is。(考察形容詞性物主代詞,答案為Her)
例2. After seeing this, she couldn’t help (she) and wanted to take Valentino out.(考察反身代詞,答案為herself)
例3. I think _______ necessary to obey the rules while crossing the street.(考察it作形式賓語,答案為it)
考點三:給形容詞
形變副;形變名(注意名詞的正確形式,可數(shù)/不可數(shù)/單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù));比較級(注意比較級+than...;the+比..., the +比...;even/far/much/rather/a little/a bit +比);最高級(one of +最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞;最高級+that I have ever done)
例1.The closer it gets, the(much) I think about how great it will be if I can just get out of bed when I’m seventy. (考察the+比..., the +比...結(jié)構(gòu),答案為more)
例2. Mike couldn't control his _________(angry) at last and cried __________(loud). (橫線1前出現(xiàn)his,跟名詞;橫線2考察副詞修動詞,答案分別為anger和loudly)
考點四:給動詞
1.變名詞:動名詞;可數(shù)/不可數(shù)/單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)名詞
2.變形容詞:專有形容詞(比如vary-various; differ-different等);加ing或ed構(gòu)成的形容詞(比如excite-excited/exciting等);最難可能是形容詞還要變副詞
3. 作謂語:時態(tài):Ves/Ved/現(xiàn)在進行時/過去進行時/現(xiàn)在完成時/過去完成時/……(注意時間標(biāo)志詞和上下文提示)
語態(tài):主動;被動(be +Ved; have/has/had been done)
4.非謂語(作定語狀語補語):Ving(主動/正在發(fā)生);Ved(被動/動作完成);to do(主動且將要發(fā)生/主動表被動/表目的/表結(jié)果only to do)
5. 固定短語 be busy doing/be worth doing/look forward to doing/see sb. do/doing/done……
6. 固定句型was/ were doing....when....;? It is adj. For sb. to do sth;……
例1.The man said that he was a maths(teach).(考察a+adj.+n,答案為teacher)
例2.The students are discussing ________(excite), nearly forgetting the time.(考察副詞修飾動詞,答案為excitedly)
例3.Brenda Pearson _________(work) when a customer walked in and ordered a hamburger.(考察固定句型was/were doing sth. When……,三單,答案為was working)
考點五:不給詞
1.填冠詞(冠詞后一定能找到被限定的名詞)
a/an(注意橫線后的詞是元音還是輔音開頭); the (注意是否特指和特殊用法,比如文中第一次出現(xiàn)用a/an,第二次出現(xiàn)用the);固定短語搭配as a result/ in a word/as a matter of fact/to tell the truth/...
2.填介詞
with/without 有/沒有;in/on/to/above/……表地點,方位,方式等(固定搭配:with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)/above all/ in other words/on the one hand...; on the other hand,.../ in fact/take care of...)
3.填連詞
并列連詞and/but/or ;狀從連詞because/as/since/for/so; though/although/as/while/but; when/while/as; if/unless/until;…… ;定從連詞that/which/who/whose/whom/when/where/why;名從連詞 that/what/where/when/how/why/if/whether;固定句型:強調(diào)句It is/was ... that....;時間It is/has been ... since……; This/It is/was the 序 time that ……; There’s no doubt that …….; was/were doing ... when ...等少數(shù)平時練習(xí)中會出現(xiàn)填代詞或副詞的情況。