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Notch1信號通路與宮頸癌血管生成擬態(tài)的相關性

2019-10-10 03:19:42方虹周忠明李云君魯林
中國醫(yī)藥導報 2019年21期
關鍵詞:免疫組化宮頸癌

方虹 周忠明 李云君 魯林

[摘要] 目的 探究Notch1信號通路與宮頸癌血管生成擬態(tài)(VM)的相關性。 方法 收集2012年1月~2015年12月于湖北省中醫(yī)院行手術治療的68例宮頸癌患者的石蠟切片為宮頸癌組,另選擇27例因子宮肌瘤行手術治療患者的正常宮頸切片作對照組。CD31免疫組化法和過碘酸-雪夫氏(PAS)反應檢測VM形成情況。免疫組化法檢測Jagged1、Notch1和Hes1表達情況。分析VM與Jagged1、Notch1和Hes1的相關性。分析VM、Jagged1、Notch1和Hes1與患者臨床病理參數和術后預后的關系。 結果 Jagged1、Notch1和Hes1在宮頸癌組中的陽性表達率均顯著高于對照組(P < 0.01)。VM僅存在于宮頸癌組織中,且陽性率約39.7%。Jagged1與宮頸癌淋巴結轉移有關(P < 0.05)。Notch1與腫瘤大小及組織分化有關(P < 0.01)。Hes1與患者的臨床病理參數均無關(P > 0.05)。VM與腫瘤大小及淋巴結轉移有關(P < 0.01)。VM與Jagged1、Notch1的表達呈正相關(r = 0.283、0.304,均P < 0.05)。VM是宮頸癌術后預后的獨立危險因素(HR = 2.21,95%CI:1.85~2.64,P < 0.05)。 結論 宮頸癌VM形成預示著患者不良的術后預后。宮頸癌組織中表達上調的Jagged1-Notch1信號通路可能參與促VM形成。未來針對Notch1通路的靶點治療有望抗宮頸癌VM形成以及改善患者的預后。

[關鍵詞] 宮頸癌;血管生成擬態(tài);Notch1信號通路;免疫組化

[中圖分類號] R737.33? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2019)07(c)-0088-05

The correlation between Notch1 signaling pathway and vasculogenic mimicry in cervical cancer

FANG Hong1? ?ZHOU Zhongming1? ?LI Yunjun1? ?LU Lin2

1.Department of Gynecology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province, Wuhan? 430000, China; 2.Department of Osteology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province, Wuhan? 430000, China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the correlation between Notch1 signaling pathway and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in cervical cancer. Methods Paraffin sections were collected from 68 cervical cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment in Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2012 and December 2015 as cervical cancer group. Paraffin sections of normal cervix were also collected from 27 patients who were surgically treated for uterine leiomyoma as control group. CD31 immunohistochemistry and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction were performed to detect VM formation. IHC was performed to detect Jagged1, Notch1 and Hes1 expression. The correlations of VM with Jagged1, Notch1 and Hes1 were analyzed. The correlations of VM, Jagged1, Notch1 and Hes1 with patients′ clinic-pathological features and postoperative prognosis were analyzed. Results The positive expression rates of Jagged1, Notch1 and Hes1 in cervical cancer group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). VM was only in cervical cancer tissues, with the positive expression rate of 39.7%. Jagged1 was associated with lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer (P < 0.05). Notch1 was associated with tumor size and tissue differentiation (P < 0.01). Hes1 was not associated with any clinic-pathological parameters of patients (P > 0.05). VM was associated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01). VM was positively correlated with Jagged1 and Notch1 expression (r = 0.283, 0.304, all P < 0.05). VM was an independent risk factor for postoperative prognosis of cervical cancer patients (HR = 2.21, 95%CI: 1.85-2.64, P < 0.05). Conclusion VM formation in cervical cancer predicts patients′ poor postoperative prognosis. The up-regulated Jagged1/Notch1 signaling pathway in cervical cancer might be involved in promoting VM formation. In the future, targeted Notch1 pathway treatment might be expected to prevent VM formation in cervical cancer and improve patients′ prognosis.

3 討論

持續(xù)性的血管形成是公認的惡性腫瘤的標志性特征之一[10]。研究表明,當前腫瘤的血液供應模式主要有內皮依賴性的微血管、嵌合體血管和VM這3種方式[11-12]??鼓[瘤血管生成治療是當前腫瘤治療的重要話題。在過去十多年里,基于抗腫瘤血管生成為目標的藥物如恩度(重組人血管內皮抑制素)、貝伐珠單抗(血管內皮生長因子抑制劑)等在抑制腫瘤增殖和轉移等方面取得了可喜的成就[13-15]。但后來研究發(fā)現,多種腫瘤如肺癌、乳腺癌、宮頸癌等往往都會在抗內皮性血管生成治療后產生耐藥性,最終仍不能避免腫瘤的演進[16-18]。于是不依賴于內皮細胞的腫瘤血液供應模式VM開始越來越受到人們的關注。VM是由腫瘤細胞通過高度模仿內皮細胞所圍成的小管狀結構,因此可能對于傳統(tǒng)的抗血管生成治療并無反應,VM可能是腫瘤對于傳統(tǒng)的抗內皮性血管生成治療發(fā)生耐藥的重要機制[4]。因此,揭示促進腫瘤VM形成的分子機制對于未來開發(fā)出抗腫瘤VM形成的治療方案具有重要意義。

國外研究表明,缺氧誘導因子(HIFs)在VM形成的過程中發(fā)揮著十分關鍵的作用[19]。激活的HIFs可上調VE-cadherin、EphA2和ERK1/2等多種信號分子,從而導致基質金屬蛋白酶(MMPs)和層黏連蛋白5γ2的分泌和釋放,最終導致腫瘤組織內基質重塑,形成VM結構[20]。目前缺氧相關信號通路在VM形成中的作用已被大量證實,但卻很少有研究來探究調控生長、發(fā)育和分化的Notch1通路是否在VM的形成中發(fā)揮作用。Notch1是Notch通路中最主要的受體,在與上游的配體Jagged1結合后,能特異性地激活下游的Hes1轉錄因子活化蛋白,從而啟動一系列級聯(lián)式信號反應,調控人體的多個生物學過程[21]。樓朝霞等[22]在宮頸癌中觀察到Notch1基因和蛋白會過表達,提示Notch1可能參與了宮頸癌的發(fā)生。本研究結果亦顯示,宮頸癌組織中Notch1的陽性率明顯高于正常宮頸組織。且我們還發(fā)現,Notch1表達陽性的宮頸癌分化程度往往更低,腫瘤往往更大,說明Notch1還可能促進宮頸癌的進展,這類宮頸癌的惡性程度更高。此外,本研究還檢測了Notch1的常見上、下游信號分子Jagged1、Hes1表達,發(fā)現Jagged1和Hes1在宮頸癌組織中也存在過表達的情況,說明異常的Jagged1-Notch1- Hes1通路參與了宮頸癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。

VM陽性的宮頸癌腫瘤更大,可能與VM提供給了腫瘤更為豐富的血液和氧氣供應有關。VM的形成與Jagged1和Notch1的表達呈正相關關系,卻與Hes1蛋白的表達無關。由此推測,過表達的Jagged1-Notch1信號通路還是參與了VM的形成,但該通路可能并不是通過下游的Hes1分子來發(fā)揮效應。Jagged1-Notch1下游應該還存在著其他分子來傳遞促VM信號,因此,十分值得在未來的研究中進一步闡明。在預后分析中,發(fā)現Jagged1、Notch1和VM均與宮頸癌患者較差的術后生存有關。但在隨后的多因素分析中,僅VM表現出了獨立的預后預測能力。該現象的機制可能為VM陽性宮頸癌患者更容易發(fā)生術后腫瘤的復發(fā)或轉移,從而縮短了患者的生存期[23-24]。

總之,Jagged1-Notch1-Hes1通路可能參與宮頸癌的發(fā)生。異常表達的Jagged1-Notch1可能是宮頸癌中促VM形成的新機制。VM是宮頸癌患者術后不良預后的獨立風險因素。本研究為闡明VM的形成機制提供了新思路,未來針對于Notch1信號通路的靶點治療可能成為延緩宮頸癌VM形成的重要措施。

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