延喜悅 黃永華
[摘 要] 目的 探討動(dòng)脈僵硬度和骨保護(hù)素對(duì)穩(wěn)定型冠狀動(dòng)脈疾病(stable coronary artery disease,SCAD)患者預(yù)后的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。方法 回顧性選擇在我院接受冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療的SCAD患者160例作為研究對(duì)象。根據(jù)隨訪期間有無主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE)發(fā)生分為MACE發(fā)生組(n=70)和MACE未發(fā)生組(n=90)。比較兩組患者在臨床特征方面的差異。通過繪制受試者工作特征曲線(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC),篩選切點(diǎn),計(jì)算曲線下面積評(píng)估不同參數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)SCAD患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生效力。應(yīng)用多因素非條件Logistic回歸分析影響SCAD患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)性因素。結(jié)果 MACE未發(fā)生組左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)高于MACE發(fā)生組,Gensini評(píng)分、脈搏波速度(pulse wave velocity,PWV)、骨保護(hù)素水平低于MACE發(fā)生組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05)。左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)、Gensini評(píng)分、PWV、骨保護(hù)素預(yù)測(cè)SCAD患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生的診斷界值分別為50.00%、32.35分、8.85m/s、3.78pmol/L(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,Gensini評(píng)分≥32.35分、PWV≥8.85m/s、骨保護(hù)素≥3.78pmol/L增加SCAD患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(OR=3.72~3.85,均P<0.05)。結(jié)論 Gensini評(píng)分、PWV、骨保護(hù)素水平與SCAD患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生密切相關(guān)。PWV和骨保護(hù)素水平偏高不利于SCAD患者預(yù)后。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 動(dòng)脈僵硬度;骨保護(hù)素;穩(wěn)定型冠狀動(dòng)脈疾病;主要不良心血管事件
中圖分類號(hào):R541.4? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A? 文章編號(hào):1009-816X(2019)04-0311-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the prognostic role of arterial stiffness and osteoprotegerin in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). Methods 160 patients with SCAD received coronary intervention therapy in our hospital were selected.The patients were divided into MACE group (n=70) and non-MACE group (n=90) according to whether MACE happened or not during the follow-up period. The differences in clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared. The ROC curve was drawn, the cut points were selected, the area under the curve was calculated, and the different parameters were used to predict the effectiveness of MACE in SCAD patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of MACE in SCAD patients. Results The left ventricular ejection fraction in non-MACE group was higher than that in MACE group, while Gensini score, PWV, and osteoprotegerin were lower than those in MACE group, the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). The diagnostic values of left ventricular ejection fraction, Gensini score, PWV and osteoprotegerin in predicting the occurrence of MACE in SCAD patients were 50.00%, 32.35points, 8.85m/s and 3.78pmol/L, respectively (P<0.05). The results of multiple factor logistic regression analysis showed that the Gensini score≥32.35 points, PWV≥8.85m/s, and osteoprotegerin≥3.78pmol/L increased the risk of MACE occur in SCAD patients (OR=3.72~3.85, P<0.05).Conclusions Gensini score, PWV and osteoprotegerin are closely related to MACE in SCAD patients. The high level of PWV and osteoprotegerin is bad for the prognosis of SCAD patients.
2.2 相關(guān)參數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)SCAD患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生的ROC參數(shù)的特異度和靈敏度:見表2。
2.3 SCAD患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生的多因素Logistic回歸分析:以隨訪期間有無MACE發(fā)生為因變量(賦值:未發(fā)生=0,發(fā)生=1),以左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)、Gensini評(píng)分、PWV、骨保護(hù)素為自變量,構(gòu)建Logistic回歸模型。模型似然比檢驗(yàn),有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,Gensini評(píng)分≥32.35分、PWV≥8.85m/s、骨保護(hù)素≥3.78pmol/L會(huì)增加SCAD患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(OR=3.72~3.85,均P<0.05),見表3。
3 討論
根據(jù)歐洲心臟病學(xué)會(huì)《穩(wěn)定性冠心病診治指南》標(biāo)準(zhǔn),急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征(ACS)穩(wěn)定后無癥狀或癥狀穩(wěn)定、穩(wěn)定型心絞痛、痙攣導(dǎo)致的靜息發(fā)作心絞痛均屬于SCAD[9]。既往研究證實(shí),SCAD的發(fā)病機(jī)制包括微血管功能障礙、心外膜冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄、局灶性或彌漫性痙攣、既往急性缺血、冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、左心室功能不全等[11]。因此,尋找能預(yù)測(cè)SCAD患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)性因素,對(duì)于提高患者生活質(zhì)量至關(guān)重要。目前,SCAD患者常規(guī)的血清學(xué)、冠狀動(dòng)脈造影、心電圖檢測(cè)多為陰性,且缺乏相關(guān)預(yù)測(cè)SCAD患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生的特異性分子標(biāo)志物及指標(biāo)。
本研究160例SCAD患者中,MACE發(fā)生率為43.75%(70/160),高于既往研究結(jié)果。這或許是由于入組的患者臨床病理資料差異導(dǎo)致。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),MACE未發(fā)生組與發(fā)生組在左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)、Gensini評(píng)分、PWV、骨保護(hù)素方面差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。上述指標(biāo)或許與SCAD患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生密切相關(guān)。進(jìn)一步多因素Logistic回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),Gensini評(píng)分≥32.35分、PWV≥8.85m/s、骨保護(hù)素≥3.78pmol/L會(huì)增加SCAD患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。研究結(jié)果表明Gensini評(píng)分、PWV及骨保護(hù)素參與了SCAD患者冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療后MACE發(fā)生過程。Gensini評(píng)分可反映每支冠狀動(dòng)脈血管病變的狹窄程度,并能客觀評(píng)估冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的進(jìn)展情況[12]。本研究證實(shí)了Gensini評(píng)分是SCAD患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)性因素。先前研究已經(jīng)證實(shí),骨保護(hù)素在骨代謝、惡性腫瘤、冠心病、糖尿病等疾病方面發(fā)揮重要作用[13,14]。骨保護(hù)素影響SCAD患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生的機(jī)制或許為:(1)骨保護(hù)素可通過抑制細(xì)胞毒性配體-腫瘤壞死因子相關(guān)凋亡誘導(dǎo)配體介導(dǎo)的血管細(xì)胞的凋亡影響SCAD患者血管系統(tǒng);(2)SCAD患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生組中骨保護(hù)素水平升高,可能是對(duì)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化進(jìn)程的一種自我防御性代償反應(yīng)。PWV是一種反映SCAD患者動(dòng)脈僵硬度的非侵入性手段,是評(píng)價(jià)血管結(jié)構(gòu)及功能的重要指標(biāo)。PWV升高預(yù)示動(dòng)脈彈性減退,造成動(dòng)脈所受的牽拉力增加、血管壁壓力增大,可導(dǎo)致血管壁彈性成分?jǐn)嗔?,進(jìn)一步造成血管內(nèi)膜損傷及動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化,當(dāng)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)展到一定程度便可導(dǎo)致MACE發(fā)生[13]。本研究與Siasos等[15]研究結(jié)果一致,均明確骨保護(hù)素和PWV在預(yù)測(cè)SCAD患者預(yù)后中具有重要價(jià)值。相關(guān)機(jī)制研究還需后期進(jìn)一步探討。
本研究為回顧性研究,容易造成選擇偏倚;且為單中心研究,樣本量少,制約研究結(jié)論準(zhǔn)確性;加之,患者發(fā)病及入院時(shí)間不一致,可能對(duì)PWV、骨保護(hù)素等臨床指標(biāo)的測(cè)定產(chǎn)生影響。但本文顯示Gensini評(píng)分、PWV、骨保護(hù)素與SCAD患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生密切相關(guān),PWV和骨保護(hù)素水平偏高不利于SCAD患者預(yù)后,應(yīng)引起臨床醫(yī)師密切關(guān)注。
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