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一種零紋波耦合電感高增益DC-DC變換器

2019-10-30 02:14梁文娟譚國東陳浩胡雪峰

梁文娟 譚國東 陳浩 胡雪峰

摘 要:針對光伏電池輸出電壓低的缺點,提出了一種零紋波耦合電感高增益DC-DC變換器。該變換器基于傳統(tǒng)boost引入耦合電感技術(shù),改善電壓增益;耦合電感的原邊采用二極管電容無源鉗位,既有吸收漏感能量的功能,又能延展變換器的工作占空比;耦合電感的副邊引入的開關(guān)電容倍壓單元在進一步擴展了電壓增益的同時,將功率器件的電壓應(yīng)力鉗位于較低水平,從而可以選用通態(tài)電阻小、電壓等級低的高性能MOSFET,有助于改善系統(tǒng)效率。此外,較低的輸入電流紋波,降低了變換器的損耗和對輸入電源的電磁干擾。詳細分析了該變換器的工作原理及穩(wěn)態(tài)特性,并搭建了一臺實驗樣機,驗證了理論分析的正確性。

關(guān)鍵詞:零紋波;無源鉗位;耦合電感;開關(guān)電容;高增益

DOI:10.15938/j.jhust.2019.04.003

中圖分類號: TM46

文獻標志碼: A

文章編號: 1007-2683(2019)04-0014-08

Abstract:In this paper, a high voltage gain DC-DC converter with coupled inductor and ripple free is proposed for low voltage renewable energy generation system,such as photovoltaic, fuel cell and so on.The coupling inductor technology is introduced on the basis of the traditional boost converter to improve the voltage gain. Diode capacitor passive clamp was introduced to primary side of the coupled-inductor which has the function of recovering the leakage energy and helps to extend the converter duty cycle. The switching capacitor voltage doubling unit was introduced to the secondary of the coupling inductor, the voltage gain is improved and the voltage stress of the power devices is clamped at a relatively low level which can use low resistance, low voltage level MOSFETs to improve the efficiency of the converter. In addition, the low input current ripple improving the efficiency, which reduces the loss of the converter and the electromagnetic interference to the input power supply. The operating principle and steady-state property are discussed in detail. Finally, a prototype is built to verify the theoretical analysis.

Keywords:zero-ripple; passive clamping; coupled-inductor; switched capacitor; high voltage gain

0 引言

當前,光伏電池、燃料電池等低壓可再生能源發(fā)電受到了廣泛重視[1-2]。由于光伏電池和燃料電池的輸出為較低的直流電壓,需將多個發(fā)電單元串聯(lián)才能夠達到并網(wǎng)逆變器對輸入電壓等級的要求。但這種方案運營的可靠性較差,后期維護成本高。另外,輸入電流紋波的大小也會明顯影響光伏、燃料電池的發(fā)電效率和使用周期。因此,研究應(yīng)用于光伏、燃料電池發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中的輸入電流紋波小、電壓增益高的高性能升壓變流器具有現(xiàn)實意義。

近幾年來,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對高增益boost變換器進行了廣泛研究,主要提出了以下幾種提高直流變換器增益的方案:①采用多變換器級聯(lián)[3-6],級聯(lián)后的變換器增益明顯提升,但導(dǎo)致控制難度和體積的增大,降低了變換器的效率;②采用開關(guān)電容倍壓單元[7-10],可以實現(xiàn)較高的電壓增益,降低各單元的電壓應(yīng)力,但也因電容的充放電帶來了較大的尖峰電流,故無法應(yīng)用于高功率場合;③采用耦合電感升壓技術(shù)[11-14],隨著耦合電感匝比的提高會獲得較好的升壓特性,但會對主開關(guān)產(chǎn)生較高的電壓應(yīng)力,且漏感能量不能被有效地回收。另外,輸入電流紋波大是傳統(tǒng)的耦合電感DC/DC變換器普遍存在的缺點,為此,文[15]采用在變換器的前端加入無源紋波消除電路抑制了電流紋波,但結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜,導(dǎo)致變換器體積、成本的增大,效率降低;文[16-17]采用交錯并聯(lián)技術(shù)降低了電流紋波,但存在控制難度高,且僅在某一固定占空比下工作時才能實現(xiàn)輸入電流零紋波,結(jié)構(gòu)可調(diào)節(jié)性較差;文[18-20]在所提變換器中加入耦合電感零紋波方案,有效降低了輸入電流紋波,然而實現(xiàn)零紋波輸入電流依賴于耦合電感的耦合系數(shù),故而設(shè)計較為困難。

為解決上述問題,本文提出了一種新穎的零紋波DC-DC變換器。采用耦合電感和多倍壓單元技術(shù),擴展電壓增益范圍,同時減小開關(guān)器件的電壓應(yīng)力。為消除輸入電流紋波帶來的危害,引入輔助電感和加入輔助電容,在不改變原有變換器的升壓特性的前提下,實現(xiàn)輸入電流的近似零紋波。

1 所研究變換器拓撲及其工作原理

1.1 所研究變換器的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)

圖1為本文所提出的變換器的原理結(jié)構(gòu)圖。其中輸入電壓源為Vin,輔助電感為L,主開關(guān)為S,穩(wěn)壓電容為C4,輸出電容為CO,負載為RO;VC1、VC2、VC3、VC4分別為電容C1、C2、C3、C4兩端電壓;VL、VD1、VD2、VD3、VD4分別為電感L、二極管D1、D2、D3、D4兩端電壓;iL為流經(jīng)電感L的電流;耦合感采用勵磁電感Lm、漏感Lk和理想變壓器組成的等效模型如圖2所示,其中匝比Np/Ns=n。其中C2、C3構(gòu)成開關(guān)電容倍壓單元,穩(wěn)壓電容C4既具有保持電壓增益的功能,又能在引入輔助電感L后實現(xiàn)輸入電流近似零紋波。

2 穩(wěn)態(tài)工作性能分析

2.1 CCM模式下穩(wěn)態(tài)性能

2.1.1 電壓增益性能

因暫模態(tài)不影響變換器電壓增益特性,故在分析中只考慮主開關(guān)開和關(guān)兩種狀態(tài)的常模態(tài)。當主開關(guān)S開通時,其表達式為

5 結(jié) 論

本文提出了一種基于耦合電感的零紋波高增益DC-DC變換器,并給出其工作原理和穩(wěn)態(tài)特性的詳細分析。實驗結(jié)果表明,所提出的零紋波變換器具有以下優(yōu)點:

1)解決了單開關(guān)耦合電感高增益BOOST變換器的輸入電流紋波較大的問題,同時增加了調(diào)節(jié)升壓變比的控制自由度。

2)開關(guān)倍壓電路的引入既有助于提高電壓增益,又具有鉗位作用,有效降低了功率開關(guān)器件的電壓應(yīng)力??梢赃x用低功耗的功率開關(guān)。

3)耦合電感原副邊漏感能量均可以得到循環(huán)利用,有助于改善變換器的轉(zhuǎn)換效率。

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(編輯:溫澤宇)