重點(diǎn)知識(shí)園地

重點(diǎn)單詞

1. prepare ?v. ?使做好準(zhǔn)備;把……準(zhǔn)備好

She will prepare the food ahead of time.

她會(huì)提前準(zhǔn)備好食物。

（1）prepare for ?為……做準(zhǔn)備

I cant go to your party because I have to prepare for the math test.

我不能去參加你的聚會(huì)了，因?yàn)槲乙獮閿?shù)學(xué)考試做準(zhǔn)備。

（2）prepare sb for sth ?使某人對(duì)某事物有準(zhǔn)備

She said so because she wanted to prepare Tom for the news.

她這樣說(shuō)是為了讓湯姆對(duì)這個(gè)消息做好準(zhǔn)備。

preparation ?n. ?準(zhǔn)備;（pl.）準(zhǔn)備工作

We threw ourselves into the preparations with enthusiasm.

我們滿懷熱情地投入到準(zhǔn)備工作中。

2. exam ?n. （=examination） ?考試

The exam results will be out tomorrow.

考試成績(jī)明天公布。

（1）entrance exam ?入學(xué)考試

He failed the schools entrance exam.

他沒有通過(guò)這所學(xué)校的入學(xué)考試。

（2）take an/the exam ?參加考試

How many students are taking the exam tomorrow？

明天有多少學(xué)生參加這場(chǎng)考試？

3. available ?adj. ?有空的;可獲得的

I am available tomorrow.

我明天有空。

Is this dress available in a larger size？

這款連衣裙有大一號(hào)的嗎？

注意：available后面可以跟to do引出具體事務(wù)。

Im afraid I wont be available tomorrow to help with housework.

我明天恐怕沒時(shí)間做家務(wù)了。

4. until ?conj. & prep. ?到……時(shí);直到……為止

Lets wait until the rain stops.

讓我們等到雨停吧。

not... until ?直到……才

Father didnt come back home until midnight.

爸爸昨晚半夜才回家。

I didnt watch TV until 9 oclock last night.

我昨晚9點(diǎn)才看電視。

5. hang ?v. ?懸掛;垂下

A gold necklace hung around his neck.

他脖子上掛著一條金項(xiàng)鏈。

Tom is hanging the picture on the wall.

湯姆正把這幅畫往墻上掛。

hang out ?閑逛;常去某處

I used to hang out in supermarkets.

我以前常常去超市閑逛。

He always hung out in the bar.

他常去酒吧鬼混。

hang ?v. ?絞死;吊死

He was hanged for murder.

他因犯謀殺罪被處以絞刑。

6. catch ?v. ?及時(shí)趕上;接住;抓住

He probably caught the ten-thirty train to Tianjin.

他可能趕十點(diǎn)半去天津的火車。

Tom caught the keys as they fell.

湯姆抓住了掉落的鑰匙。

How many fish did you catch？

你抓到多少魚了？

catch up with ?追趕上……

You have to work hard to catch up with the top students in your class.

你要努力學(xué)習(xí)才能追上班里的優(yōu)秀學(xué)生。

catch ?v. ?偶然撞見

I caught him just as he was leaving his office.

他正要離開辦公室時(shí)我碰上了他。

7. reply ?v. ?回答;答復(fù)

reply作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)，常用介詞to引入賓語(yǔ)。

He never replied to any of my letters.

我的信他從來(lái)不回。

She smiled， but didnt reply.

她微微一笑，但未作答。

reply ?n. ?回答;答復(fù)

She made no reply.

她沒有回答。

In reply to our questions， she just smiled.

她以微笑回答我們的提問(wèn)。

8. without ?prep. ?沒有;不（做某事）

without是介詞，后面跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須用動(dòng)名詞。

They have spent two days without food.

他們兩天沒吃東西了。

Dont go out without your coat.

別不穿外套就出門。

He went upstairs without saying a word.

他一字不說(shuō)上樓去了。

重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

1. the day before yesterday ?前天

the day after tomorrow ?后天

He left for New York the day before yesterday but will come back the day after tomorrow.

他前天去紐約了，后天才回來(lái)。

2. look after ?照料;照顧

相當(dāng)于 take care of。

People dont look after other peoples things in the same way as they look after their own.

人們看管他人的東西可沒有對(duì)待自己的東西上心。

Dont worry. Ill look after （= take care of） the kids tomorrow.

別擔(dān)心，明天我來(lái)照料孩子們。

3. turn down ?拒絕

相當(dāng)于refuse。

We politely turned down his invitation.

我們禮貌地拒絕了他的邀請(qǐng)。

They offered him a job but he turned it down.

他拒絕了他們提供的工作。

注意：refuse后面跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用動(dòng)詞不定式。

They refused to accept that there was a problem.

他們不承認(rèn)出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題。

4. look forward to ?盼望;期待

其中to是介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。

Im looking forward to your reply.

我期待你的答復(fù)。

Mary is looking forward to visiting Sydney.

瑪麗期待去悉尼參觀。

5. hear from ?接到（某人的）信、電話等

We havent heard from her for ages.

我們好久沒有收到她的消息了。

I look forward to hearing from you.

我期待收到你的消息。

Police want to hear from anyone who has any information about the crime.

警方希望有此案線索的任何人與他們聯(lián)系。

活學(xué)活用

用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1. The girls are preparing ____ （they） for the party.

2. I dont know who she ____ （hang） out with now.

3. Jack never ____ （reply） to my e-mails when we were in middle school.

4. I gave her a watch but she ____ （turn） it down.

5. Mike is ____ （look） forward to ____ （visit） London.

基本語(yǔ)法

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can除了表示能力、許可或猜測(cè)之外，還可以用于表示邀請(qǐng)。

1.發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)用一般疑問(wèn)句句式

結(jié)構(gòu)：Can + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他？

Can you come to my party？

你能來(lái)參加我的聚會(huì)嗎？

2.對(duì)于邀請(qǐng)的回答

肯定：

（1）Sure， Id love to. 當(dāng)然，我很樂意。

（2）Yes， Id love to. ?好的，我很樂意。

（3）Sure， I think he/she/they will. ?當(dāng)然，我想他/她/他們會(huì)的。

否定：

（1）sorry， Im not available. ?對(duì)不起，我沒空。

（2）Im sorry. Im not free this weekend. I have to look after my little sister. ?對(duì)不起，我這周末沒空。我得照看我妹妹。

（3）Id love to， but Im afraid I cant. I have to go to the doctor. ?我很樂意，但恐怕不行。我得去看醫(yī)生。

提出邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求、建議或征求別人的意見，常見的表達(dá)方式有：

1. Would you like sth？/Would you like to do sth？

Would you like to go shopping with us？

你愿意和我們一起逛街嗎？

2. Will/Would/Could you please do sth？

Will/Would/Could you please help me clean the classroom？

請(qǐng)你幫我打掃教室，好嗎？

3. Shall we do sth？

Shall we have a picnic together？

我們一起野餐，好嗎？

4. Lets do sth.

Lets go to the mountains and camp there.

我們?nèi)ド缴下稜I(yíng)吧。

5. Why not do sth？/Why dont you do sth？

Why dont you go with me？

為什么不和我一起去？

6. How/What about doing sth？

How/What about taking a bus there？

坐公交車去那里怎么樣？