劉健 代治強(qiáng) 張富榮 侯威
摘? 要:文章為了探究斷層破碎帶鋼筋浮籠問題與特殊地層、混凝土澆筑速度、級(jí)配之間的關(guān)系。以貴陽花溪某項(xiàng)目B地塊為背景,通過對(duì)整個(gè)B地塊鉆孔灌注樁施工過程的記錄和總結(jié),發(fā)現(xiàn)由于該地塊破碎地層的沉渣厚度控制難度大,發(fā)生浮籠問題的概率也明顯大于其他地塊;混凝土澆筑速度過快、間隔時(shí)間較長等是造成浮籠問題的重要原因;同時(shí)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)通過液壓機(jī)扭轉(zhuǎn)起壓式施工可有效減緩浮籠問題,將漏斗澆筑改為泵車澆筑也可明顯降低浮籠問題發(fā)生的概率。其次,施工工序安排不妥,會(huì)間接加大鉆孔灌注樁施工難度,在穿插工序安排中應(yīng)盡量避免已建建筑對(duì)后續(xù)鉆孔灌注樁施工造成的影響。
關(guān)鍵詞:斷層破碎帶地層;鉆孔灌注樁;鋼筋浮籠
中圖分類號(hào):TU473.14 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):2095-2945(2019)30-0134-03
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the problem of steel cage in fault fracture zone and special strata, concrete pouring speed and gradation. Based on the background of the B block of a project in Huaxi, Guiyang, through the record and summary of the construction process of the bored cast-in-place pile in block B, it is found that the probability of floating cage problem is obviously higher than that of other plots because of the difficulty of controlling the thickness of sediment in the broken strata of the block, and the concrete pouring speed is too fast and the interval time is long, which is the important cause of the floating cage problem. At the same time, the problem of floating cage can be effectively alleviated by torsional lifting construction of hydraulic press, and the probability of floating cage problem can also be obviously reduced by changing funnel pouring into pump truck pouring. Secondly, the improper arrangement of the construction process will indirectly increase the difficulty of the construction of the bored pile, and the influence of the built building on the subsequent construction of the cast-in-place pile should be avoided as far as possible in the arrangement of the interslotting process.
Keywords: fault fracture zone strata; bore hole cast; floating cage
引言
現(xiàn)階段,鉆孔灌注樁在建設(shè)工程施工中已廣泛應(yīng)用,除高層建筑外,許多商業(yè)住宅都采用鉆孔灌注樁作為建筑物基礎(chǔ)形式,即使施工工藝已較為成熟并普遍使用,但施工過程中仍然存在難以攻克的難題。其中浮籠問題是鉆孔灌注樁施工中常見的問題之一,也是未完全解決的難題之一。本文以貴陽花溪某項(xiàng)目B地塊為例,該地塊地質(zhì)條件特殊,樁基持力層為斷層破碎帶地層,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工中浮籠問題較為明顯,頻繁的浮籠不僅延誤了工期,導(dǎo)致后期工程未能按時(shí)交付,而且浪費(fèi)極大人力財(cái)力,造成了無謂的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。因此,在大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代,針對(duì)具體問題具體研究,可改善同類工程中遇到的鋼筋籠浮籠問題,建立施工問題數(shù)據(jù)庫,將為施工帶來很多共享資源和可借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
1 工程案例
作者對(duì)貴陽花溪某項(xiàng)目B地塊部分鉆孔灌注樁施工過程進(jìn)行了記錄和統(tǒng)計(jì),結(jié)果表明,該地塊的鉆孔灌注樁出現(xiàn)浮籠問題概率遠(yuǎn)大于其他項(xiàng)目,且常出現(xiàn)一根樁多次浮籠的現(xiàn)象。
1.1 工程概況
擬建“花溪某項(xiàng)目B地塊樁基工程”位于貴陽市花溪區(qū)區(qū)政府以南,貴州城市職業(yè)學(xué)院以北,北側(cè)緊鄰明珠大道,東側(cè)緊鄰田園中路,南側(cè)緊鄰122縣道,其中樁基直徑φ1.2m(地下室)、φ1.5m(地下室)、φ1.8m(主樓)不等,均為大孔徑樁,孔深設(shè)計(jì)15.0m到24.0m不等。
1.2 場(chǎng)地地質(zhì)情況
根據(jù)對(duì)擬建場(chǎng)區(qū)勘察資料描述,擬建場(chǎng)地位于貴陽向斜南端西翼,下伏基巖為三疊系安順組(T1a)中厚層白云巖。巖層產(chǎn)狀傾向80~100°、傾角40~50°。并且現(xiàn)場(chǎng)地質(zhì)資料表明,B地塊有一近南北走向的逆斷層穿過,傾向東,傾角35°,本次勘察選用下部中風(fēng)化白云巖層為持力層,受斷層破碎帶的影響,節(jié)理裂隙較發(fā)育,泥質(zhì)充填,巖芯呈沙狀,(鉆探碎塊狀占比20%,旋挖鉆巖芯碎塊狀占比50%),巖芯采取率50%~55%易埋鉆,巖質(zhì)差,遇水垮塌,偶夾碎塊狀巖塊,呈灰白色。工程場(chǎng)區(qū)地面以下 40m深度范圍內(nèi)地層按其沉積年代及工程性質(zhì)可分為雜填土層、可塑紅粘土、軟塑紅粘土、強(qiáng)風(fēng)化白云巖、中風(fēng)化白云巖,具體各土層巖性及分布特征概述如下: