屈曉輝 喻高明
摘 ?????要:研究了不同剪切速率下,二元、三元不同油水比、不同堿含量、不同二元配方條件下形成的乳狀液體系黏度的影響因素及其規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,高剪切速率下,油水比為7:3形成的三元乳狀液最穩(wěn)定,黏度最大;較高剪切速率下,油水比低于1:1的二元乳狀液體系黏度很低,發(fā)生相轉(zhuǎn)變;不加堿時(shí),形成的二元乳狀液體系黏度較大;加堿時(shí),三元乳狀液體系在較低剪切速率下形成的乳狀液體系黏度較大,當(dāng)剪切速率增加到一定值時(shí),三元乳狀液發(fā)生相轉(zhuǎn)變,黏度降低,且隨剪切速率增加變化不明顯;低剪切速率下,聚合物+活性劑形成的二元體系乳狀液黏度最大,堿+活性劑形成的二元體系乳狀液黏度最小;當(dāng)剪切速率超過一定值時(shí),聚合物+堿形成的二元體系乳狀液黏度最大,聚合物+活性劑形成的二元體系乳狀液黏度最小。
關(guān) ?鍵 ?詞:黏度;原油乳狀液;剪切速率;油水比
中圖分類號(hào):TE357 ??????文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A ???????文章編號(hào): 1671-0460(2019)01-0048-04
Abstract: The influence factors and laws of viscosity of emulsion system formed under different shear rates, different oil-water ratios of binary and ternary systems, different alkali contents and different binary formulations were studied. The results showed that the ternary emulsion with oil-water ratio of 7:3 was the most stable and the viscosity was the greatest at high shear rate. At higher shear rate, the binary emulsion system with oil-water ratio less than 1: 1 had very low viscosity and phase transition happened. When alkali was not added, the viscosity of formed binary emulsion system was larger. When alkali was added, the viscosity of ternary emulsion system formed at lower shear rate was higher. When the shear rate increased to a certain value, the ternary emulsion phase transition happened, and the viscosity decreased, and the change was not obvious with the increase of shear rate. At low shear rate, the viscosity of binary emulsion formed by polymer + active agent was the largest, while that formed by alkali + active agent was the smallest. When the shear rate exceeded a certain value, the viscosity of binary emulsion formed by polymer + alkali was the largest, while that formed by polymer + active agent was the smallest.
Key words: Viscosity; Crude oil emulsion; Shear rate; Oil-water ratio
目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外一些科研工作者對(duì)油包水型乳狀液的黏度,進(jìn)行了廣泛研究,并推導(dǎo)出許多理論或經(jīng)驗(yàn)的計(jì)算公式。但是,這些公式具體應(yīng)用于計(jì)算不同類型原油的乳狀液時(shí),其誤差時(shí)大時(shí)小,而且應(yīng)用于含水較高的乳狀液時(shí),其誤差更大。究其原因,乳狀液黏度的大小,不但與含水率有關(guān),而且與剪切速度和原油的性質(zhì)等因素,均有密切的關(guān)系[1,2]。
原油乳狀液的黏度,不僅與含水率有關(guān),而且與剪切速率和原油的性質(zhì)等因素有關(guān),因此不進(jìn)行測(cè)定,要精確確定其大小是困難的[3-5]。但是,只要掌握了各因素對(duì)乳狀液黏度的影響規(guī)律后,就可以較準(zhǔn)確地計(jì)算或估計(jì)其大小。大量的研究工作表明,油水乳狀液的性質(zhì)受多種因素的影響,認(rèn)識(shí)和掌握這些影響因素,以便為原油的集輸儲(chǔ)運(yùn)工作提供必要的依據(jù)[6-9]。本文采用理論分析與實(shí)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方法,研究了乳狀液黏度影響因素,通過對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的分析,得出了乳狀液黏度隨各影響因素的變化規(guī)律。
1 ?實(shí)驗(yàn)部分
1.1 ?實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器及藥品
大慶四廠原油;大慶四廠水;聚合物(聚丙烯酰胺),相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為1 200萬;表面活性劑ORS-41,有效濃度 50%;NaOH,分析純;JJ-1型定時(shí)電動(dòng)攪拌器;控溫儀;101A-1型干燥箱;lB801型超級(jí)恒溫器;Book-Field型黏度計(jì);千分之一精度天平;百分之一精度天平。
1.2 ?實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
3 ?結(jié) 論
(1)三元乳狀液體系黏度隨油水比的下降而減小;高剪切速率下,油水比為7:3形成的三元乳狀液最穩(wěn)定,黏度最大。
(2)二元乳狀液體系在低剪切速率下形成的乳狀液體系黏度較大,且隨著油水比的下降,黏度降低;在高剪切速率下,油水比低于1:1的二元乳狀液體系黏度很低,發(fā)生相轉(zhuǎn)變。
(3)不加堿時(shí),形成的二元乳狀液體系黏度較大,且隨剪切速率增減而降低;當(dāng)加入堿時(shí),三元乳狀液體系在較低剪切速率下形成的乳狀液體系黏度較大,當(dāng)剪切速率增加到一定值時(shí),三元乳狀液發(fā)生相轉(zhuǎn)變,黏度降低,且隨剪切速率增加變化不明顯。
(4)低剪切速率下,聚合物+活性劑形成的二元體系乳狀液黏度最大,堿+活性劑形成的二元體系乳狀液黏度最小,且隨著剪切速率增加黏度下降;當(dāng)剪切速率超過一定值時(shí),聚合物+堿形成的二元體系乳狀液黏度最大,聚合物+活性劑形成的二元體系乳狀液黏度最小。
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