閻世江 張繼寧 劉潔
摘? ? 要:為研究茄子苗期耐低溫性相關性狀的遺傳規(guī)律,以5個耐低溫性不同的自交系為材料,按Griffing方法Ⅱ配制組合,對親本與F1進行低溫處理,調查茄子耐低溫指數、株高、莖粗、葉片數、葉面積、干物質質量等指標。方差分析表明,茄子耐低溫指數與株高、莖粗、葉面積、干物質質量等形態(tài)學性狀差異顯著,進一步分析遺傳模型,上述5個性狀的遺傳符合加性-顯性模型。耐低溫指數廣義遺傳力達90.71%、79.59%、84.99%、78.59%、86.97%,適合于早代選擇。狹義遺傳力分別達37.15%、49.20%、58.97%、41.20%、49.49%。相關分析及通徑分析表明株高與耐低溫指數關系密切,耐低溫指數與株高的相關系數達0.411,是描述茄子耐低溫指數最重要的性狀指標。在田間的選育過程中,選育耐低溫性較強的品種應挑選植株高大的材料。
關鍵詞:茄子;苗期;耐低溫性;性狀;遺傳
中圖分類號:S641.1 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:1673-2871(2020)12-035-04
Abstract: In order to study the genetic laws of chilling tolerance related traits in eggplant seedlings, according to the Griffing method II, 5 materials which were in different tolerance of chilling to configure completely dial hybrid combination were selected. The parents and F1 were carried on chilling treatment, several characters such as the chilling tolerance index, plant height, stalk diameter , leaf number, leaf area, and plant dry weight were investigated. Results showed that there was significant difference in chilling tolerance index, plant height, stalk diameter , leaf area, and plant dry weight, the genetic models was analyzed in the further,the heredity of above 5 characters accorded to additive-dominant model. The generalized heritability of chilling tolerance index,plant height, stalk diameter , leaf area, and plant dry weight reaches 90.71%, 79.59%, 84.99%, 78.59%, 86.97%, which was suitable for early generation selection. The narrow heritability reaches 37.15%, 49.20%, 58.97%, 41.20%, 49.49%. Correlation analysis and pathway analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between low temperature tolerance and plant height reaches 0.411, the plant height was closely related to the chilling tolerance index, which was the most important trait for the low temperature resistance index of eggplant. In the breeding process, in order to breed varieties with strong low temperature tolerance, materials with strong vigor should be selected.
Key words: Eggplant; Seedling; Chilling tolerance; Characters; Heredity
茄子(Solanum melongen L.)屬茄科茄屬喜溫植物,是我國南北方主要的蔬菜種類之一,在生產中占有重要地位[1]。據FAO年鑒的統(tǒng)計資料,2018年我國茄子種植面積為75萬hm2,總產量2 363.4萬t,居世界第一位。在自然條件下,我國北方地區(qū)茄子只能在無霜期栽培,每年7—9月采收上市。隨著我國人民生活水平的大幅提高,人們對反季節(jié)蔬菜的需求進一步增長,但早春或晚秋季節(jié)栽培中低溫對茄子生長影響較大,因此近年來培育耐低溫茄子品種受到育種工作者的重視,對茄子耐低溫遺傳規(guī)律的研究提出了更高要求。有關耐低溫的遺傳研究在水稻、番茄、辣椒、黃瓜等作物已有報道[2-6]。目前有關研究多集中在低溫對苗期的發(fā)芽能力[7]、形態(tài)學性狀[8]、光合特性[9]、果實發(fā)育[10]的影響,以及耐低溫材料的鑒定[11]、耐低溫的生理機制[1]、成株期的表現(xiàn)[12]等方面,而對于苗期耐低溫性的遺傳規(guī)律的研究少見報道。由于苗期是整個生長過程的基礎,其與后期的耐低溫性有很好的相關性[1],因此研究苗期耐低溫性的遺傳規(guī)律非常重要。筆者以5份茄子高代自交系為材料深入探討耐低溫性與相關形態(tài)學性狀的遺傳規(guī)律,以期為培育茄子設施專用品種提供理論依據。
綜上所述,低溫弱光對茄子葉片數的影響較小,茄子耐低溫指數、株高、莖粗、葉面積、干物質質量等形態(tài)學性狀差異顯著,上述5個性狀的遺傳符合加性-顯性模型。廣義遺傳力分別達90.71%、79.59%、84.99%、78.59%、86.97%,適合于早代選擇。狹義遺傳力分別達37.15%、49.20%、58.97%、41.20%、49.49%。相關分析及通徑分析表明株高與耐低溫指數關系密切,是影響茄子耐低溫指數的最重要的性狀。因此在田間的選育過程中,為選育耐低溫較強的品種應挑選植株高大的材料;其他性狀影響較小。
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