莫海亮 吳子君 黃瑞娜 陳陸軍 孫啟帆 吳鏗
[摘要]目的 探討血糖對(duì)永久性起搏器植入術(shù)患者首次植入起搏參數(shù)的影響。方法 選取2014年3月~2019年3月我院收治的231例植入永久性心臟起搏器患者作為研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行回顧性分析,根據(jù)患者的血糖情況分為A組(糖尿病患者,42例)、B組(糖耐量異?;颊?,118例)和C組(血糖正常患者,71例)。比較三組患者的起搏閾值、感知、阻抗,起搏器參數(shù)程控測(cè)試時(shí)間,并分析血糖與起搏參數(shù)的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果 A組、B組患者心室的起搏閾值、感知、阻抗高于C組,參數(shù)程控測(cè)試時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于C組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);A組與B組患者心室的起搏閾值、感知、阻抗比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);A組患者的程控測(cè)試時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于B組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);A組、B組患者的空腹血糖(FBG)和餐后2 h血糖(2 h BG)水平均高于C組,A組患者的FBG和2 h BG水平均高于B組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。Spearman相關(guān)性分析顯示,F(xiàn)BG水平與起搏閾值、感知、阻抗以及參數(shù)程控測(cè)試時(shí)間成正相關(guān)(r=0.410、0.352、0.332、0.318,P<0.05);2 h BG水平與起搏閾值、感知、阻抗以及參數(shù)程控測(cè)試時(shí)間成正相關(guān)(r=0.425、0.367、0.346、0.327,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 血糖對(duì)起搏器植入術(shù)患者起搏參數(shù)閾值、阻抗、感知有影響,血糖升高會(huì)導(dǎo)致起搏參數(shù)閾值、阻抗升高,感知靈敏度降低,起搏參數(shù)程控測(cè)試時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]血糖;永久性起搏器;植入;起搏參數(shù)
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R542.22? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2020)3(c)-0033-04
Effect of blood glucose on first implantation pacing parameters of patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation
MO Hai-liang? ?WU Zi-jun? ?HUANG Rui-na? ?CHEN Lu-jun? ?SUN Qi-fan? ?WU Keng
The First Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang? ?525000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of blood glucose on first implantation pacing parameters of patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation. Methods A total of 231 patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation treated in the hospital from March 2014 to March 2019 were selected as the subjects, and retrospective analysis was conducted. According to the blood glucose, they were divided into group A (patients with diabetes, 42 cases), group B (patients with impaired glucose tolerance, 118 cases) and group C (patients with normal blood glucose, 71 cases). The pacing threshold, perception, impedance, program-controlled test time of pacemaker parameters were compared among the three groups. The correlation between blood glucose and pacing parameters was analyzed. Results The ventricular pacing threshold, perception, impedance in group A and group B were higher than those in group C, and the program-controlled test time of parameters was longer than that in group C, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in ventricular pacing threshold, perception or impedance between the group A and group B (P>0.05). The ventricular parameter programmable test time in group A was longer than that of group B, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and blood glucose 2 hours after meal (2 h BG) in group A and group B were higher than those in group C, and the FBG and 2 h BG levels of group A were higher than those of group B, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that FBG was positively correlated with pacing threshold, perception, impedance and program-controlled test time of parameters (r=0.410, 0.352, 0.332, 0.318; P<0.05). And 2 h BG was positively correlated with the pacing threshold, perception, impedance and program-controlled test time of parameters (r=0.425, 0.367, 0.346, 0.327; P<0.05). Conclusion Blood glucose has influence on the pacing threshold, impedance and perception of patients undergoing pacemaker implantation. High blood glucose will lead to elevated pacing threshold and impedance, decreased sensitivity and prolongation of program-controlled test time of parameters.
[Key words] Blood glucose; Permanent pacemaker; Implantation; Pacing parameters
近年來(lái),糖尿病患病率呈現(xiàn)明顯上升的趨勢(shì),有研究報(bào)道全球糖尿病患者總數(shù)在2035年將增至10.1%[1]。而心血管疾病最重要的危險(xiǎn)因素之一即為糖尿病,且糖尿病心血管并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生是導(dǎo)致患者死亡的首要原因[2-3]。隨著臨床對(duì)于血糖的深入研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)相比于持續(xù)性的高血糖,血糖波動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的心律失常發(fā)生機(jī)制更為復(fù)雜,其危害也相對(duì)更大[4]。臨床對(duì)于藥物治療效果不佳或不適合采用藥物治療的病態(tài)竇房結(jié)綜合征(sicksinussyndrome,SSS)等心律失常疾病通常采用永久性起搏器植入術(shù)治療[5]。起搏器主要是通過(guò)電刺激以及脈沖發(fā)生器對(duì)心臟活動(dòng)的感知功能糾正心律失常[6]。起搏閾值、感知、阻抗等起搏參數(shù)是反映起搏器使用壽命以及功能的重要參數(shù),是隨訪測(cè)試的主要數(shù)據(jù),有研究認(rèn)為血糖波動(dòng)是起搏器閾值升高的危險(xiǎn)因素[7]。本研究選取231例植入永久性心臟起搏器患者作為研究對(duì)象,旨在探討血糖對(duì)永久性起搏器植入術(shù)患者首次植入起搏參數(shù)的影響,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
回顧性分析2014年3月~2019年3月我院收治的231例植入永久性心臟起搏器患者的臨床資料。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①所有患者均符合《植入器械指南中普通起搏器植入適應(yīng)證解讀》中起搏器植入適應(yīng)證[8];②均為首次植入起搏器。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①術(shù)后未定期隨訪或者測(cè)試的起搏數(shù)據(jù)不完整者;②常規(guī)冠脈造影排除冠心病,植入時(shí)發(fā)生急性心肌梗死者;③嚴(yán)重肝腎功能不全者;④合并其他惡性腫瘤者。
根據(jù)血糖情況將患者分為A組(糖尿病患者,42例)、B組(糖耐量異?;颊?,118例)和C組(血糖正?;颊撸?1例)。A組中,男22例,女20例;年齡50~75歲,平均(62.98±5.37)歲;其中SSS 25例,房室傳導(dǎo)阻滯(atrioventricular block,AVB)17例;合并疾?。焊哐?例,高血壓18例,其他15例。B組中,男67例,女51例;年齡52~78歲,平均(63.59±5.42)歲;其中SSS 70例,AVB 48例;合并疾病:高血脂27例,高血壓51例,其他40例。C組中,男39例,女32例;年齡48~80歲,平均(63.28±5.59)歲;其中SSS 42例,AVB 29例;合并疾?。焊哐?7例,高血壓32例,其他22例。三組患者的一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究已經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.2方法
三組患者術(shù)前24 h內(nèi)及術(shù)后3 d均給予抗菌素(鹽酸頭孢替安,大元制藥株式會(huì)社,規(guī)格:0.5 g,注冊(cè)證號(hào)H20050482,生產(chǎn)批號(hào):AF0103)靜注,常規(guī)經(jīng)右側(cè)鎖骨下靜脈途徑導(dǎo)入電極,同側(cè)胸壁上緣第二肋間作切口,并逐層分離皮膚組織至胸大肌筋膜外向下植入永久性起搏器。并在術(shù)中測(cè)試和記錄相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),確認(rèn)無(wú)誤后縫合切口。術(shù)后進(jìn)行常規(guī)換藥,并根據(jù)傷口愈合情況拆線。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
三組患者均在植入起搏器后進(jìn)行測(cè)量。觀察患者的心室起搏參數(shù)變化,包括起搏閾值、感知、阻抗,起搏器參數(shù)程控測(cè)試時(shí)間(即電極到位后開(kāi)始測(cè)試數(shù)值算起,到電極測(cè)試?yán)硐霑r(shí)間)。所有患者均在入院第2天抽取清晨空腹靜脈血,測(cè)定空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,F(xiàn)BG)水平,并通過(guò)口服葡萄糖耐量實(shí)驗(yàn)(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)測(cè)定餐后2 h血糖(2 h BG)。并分析血糖與心室起搏參數(shù)變化的相關(guān)性。
正常血糖標(biāo)準(zhǔn):FBG<5.8 mmol/L,且2 h BG<7.8 mmol/L;糖耐量異常標(biāo)準(zhǔn):FBG為5.8~7.0 mmol/L,2 h BG為7.8~11.1 mmol/L;糖尿病血糖標(biāo)準(zhǔn):FBG>7.0 mmol/L, 2 h BG>11.1 mmol/L。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),多組間比較采用F檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),相關(guān)性分析采用Sperman相關(guān)性分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1三組患者心室起搏參數(shù)的比較
三組患者的起搏閾值、感知、阻抗以及參數(shù)程控測(cè)試時(shí)間比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);A組、B組患者心室的起搏閾值、感知、阻抗高于C組,參數(shù)程控測(cè)試時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于C組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);A組與B組患者心室的起搏閾值、感知、阻抗比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);A組患者的程控測(cè)試時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于B組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表1)。
2.2三組患者血糖水平的比較
A組、B組患者的FBG和2 h BG水平均高于C組,A組患者的FBG和2 h BG水平均高于B組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表2)。
2.3血糖與起搏參數(shù)的相關(guān)性分析
FBG水平與起搏閾值、感知、阻抗及參數(shù)程控測(cè)試時(shí)間成正相關(guān)(r=0.410、0.352、0.332、0.318,P<0.05);2 h BG水平與起搏閾值、感知、阻抗及參數(shù)程控測(cè)試時(shí)間成正相關(guān)(r=0.425、0.367、0.346、0.327,P<0.05)(表3)。
3討論
張燕峰[9]就糖尿病患者與非糖尿病患者心律失常的發(fā)生率進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果顯示,糖尿病患者心律失常發(fā)生率為27.3%,明顯高于非糖尿病患者,提示血糖與心律失常發(fā)生密切相關(guān)。糖尿病發(fā)生心臟并發(fā)癥的病理過(guò)程較為復(fù)雜,患者心肌電重構(gòu)受代謝紊亂、干細(xì)胞改變、心肌纖維化等多種因素影響[10]。血糖會(huì)對(duì)機(jī)體心肌細(xì)胞代謝中產(chǎn)生的毒性分子產(chǎn)生影響,從而改變鈣離子蛋白的敏感度,導(dǎo)致鈣離子內(nèi)流減少,最終致使心肌細(xì)胞動(dòng)作電位時(shí)程延長(zhǎng)[11]。