鄧晨 湖北第二師范學(xué)院
自改革開放以來(lái)中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展,而勞動(dòng)力的輸出是促進(jìn)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。勞動(dòng)力的不斷增長(zhǎng)確實(shí)給我們帶來(lái)了巨大的利益,但是勞動(dòng)力的增長(zhǎng)是發(fā)展的必然影響,在科技不斷進(jìn)步的背景下勞動(dòng)力也在不斷變動(dòng),勞動(dòng)力增長(zhǎng)減緩,這其中有許多原因造成,我們來(lái)具體研究勞動(dòng)力的增長(zhǎng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響。
以就業(yè)人數(shù)為解釋變量X,以資本存量為被解釋變量Y,沒(méi)有其他因素導(dǎo)入。
1978-2005年某省從業(yè)人數(shù),來(lái)自百度計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。
假設(shè)模型滿足基本假定,用OLS法進(jìn)行估計(jì)
Dependent Variable: Y Method: Least Squares Date: 12/31/18 Time: 22:49 Sample: 1978 2005 Included observations: 28 Variable Coeきcient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.-12510.38 1055.205 -11.85587 0.0000 X 4.866850 0.310257 15.68652 0.0000 C R-squared 0.904435 Mean dependent var 3658.046 Adjusted R-squared 0.900760 S.D. dependent var 3796.007 S.E. of regression 1195.835 Akaike info criterion 17.07983 Sum squared resid 37180533 Schwarz criterion 17.17498 Log likelihood -237.1176 Hannan-Quinn criter. 17.10892 F-statistic 246.0668 Durbin-Watson stat 0.074335 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000
從經(jīng)濟(jì)意義檢驗(yàn)來(lái)說(shuō),假定其他變量不變,就業(yè)人數(shù)每增加1萬(wàn)人,資本存量增加4.87億元。
使用LM檢驗(yàn),由下表檢測(cè)得LM=24.07425,p=0,樣本不存在自相關(guān)。
Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM Test:F-statistic 73.58882 Prob. F(2,24) 0.0000 Obs*R-squared 24.07425 Prob. Chi-Square(2) 0.0000 Test Equation:Dependent Variable: RESID Method: Least Squares Date: 01/01/19 Time: 00:22 Sample: 1 28 Included observations: 28 Presample missing value lagged residuals set to zero.Variable Coeきcient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.C-260.7128 420.3329 -0.620253 0.5409 X 0.089855 0.124509 0.721676 0.4775 RESID(-1) 1.173977 0.198012 5.928824 0.0000 RESID(-2) -0.247174 0.205866 -1.200650 0.2416 R-squared 0.859795 Mean dependent var 0.000000 Adjusted R-squared 0.842269 S.D. dependent var 1173.481 S.E. of regression 466.0519 Akaike info criterion 15.25803 Sum squared resid 5212905. Schwarz criterion 15.44835 Log likelihood -209.6125 Hannan-Quinn criter. 15.31622 F-statistic 49.05921 Durbin-Watson stat 1.470626 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000
經(jīng)過(guò)驗(yàn)證,所估計(jì)的模型是符合要求,模型解釋了勞動(dòng)力投入對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響,從結(jié)果來(lái)看是好影響。從單方面就業(yè)人數(shù)與資本存量之間的關(guān)系可以看出,飛速發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)勞動(dòng)力有積極的促進(jìn)作用。