來慶菊 何茂彩
[摘要] 目的 分析“零缺陷”護(hù)理管理理念在小兒手術(shù)護(hù)理質(zhì)量管理中的應(yīng)用效果。方法 隨機(jī)擇取2018年1月—2019年7月于該院收治的72例小兒手術(shù)患者作為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表的方法,將其劃分成對(duì)照組與實(shí)驗(yàn)組,各36例。對(duì)照組運(yùn)用常規(guī)護(hù)理方法,實(shí)驗(yàn)組采取“零缺陷”護(hù)理管理理念,比較兩組的護(hù)理缺陷率與護(hù)理滿意度。結(jié)果 對(duì)照組切口感染1例,異物殘留1例,手術(shù)部位錯(cuò)誤6例,實(shí)驗(yàn)組切口感染1例,異物殘留0例,手術(shù)部位錯(cuò)誤1例,實(shí)驗(yàn)組的護(hù)理缺陷率(5.56%)明顯低于對(duì)照組(22.22%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。對(duì)照組相當(dāng)滿意20例,滿意3例,不滿意1例,極不滿意12例,實(shí)驗(yàn)組相當(dāng)滿意30例,滿意2例,不滿意3例,極不滿意1例,實(shí)驗(yàn)組的護(hù)理滿意度(88.89%)高于對(duì)照組(63.89%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 “零缺陷”護(hù)理管理理念在小兒手術(shù)護(hù)理質(zhì)量管理中應(yīng)用效果優(yōu)良,護(hù)理缺陷率大幅度降低,小兒家屬的滿意度也提升,因此,該種護(hù)理理念在臨床中具有較大的推廣價(jià)值,應(yīng)獲得人們的高度重視。
[關(guān)鍵詞] “零缺陷”;護(hù)理管理;理念;小兒手術(shù);護(hù)理質(zhì)量
[中圖分類號(hào)] R47 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1672-5654(2020)03(a)-0019-03
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the application effect of "zero defect" nursing management concept in the quality management of pediatric surgical nursing. Methods A total of 72 pediatric surgical patients admitted to the hospital from January 2018 to July 2019 were randomly selected as research objects. According to the method of random number table, they were divided into control group and experimental group, 36 cases each. The control group used conventional nursing methods, and the experimental group adopted the "zero defect" nursing management concept to compare the nursing defect rate and nursing satisfaction between the two groups. Results 1 case of incision infection in the control group, 1 case of foreign body residues, 6 cases of surgical site errors, 1 case of incision infections in the experimental group, 0 cases of foreign body residues, and 1 case of surgical site errors. The nursing defect rate(5.56%) in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(22.22%), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The control group was quite satisfied with 20 cases, satisfied with 3 cases, dissatisfied with 1 case, and extremely dissatisfied with 12 cases. The experimental group was quite satisfied with 30 cases, satisfied with 2 cases, dissatisfied with 3 cases, extremely dissatisfied with 1 case, and nursing satisfaction with the experimental group (88.89%) was higher than the control group(63.89%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The "zero-defect" nursing management concept has a good application effect in the quality management of pediatric surgical care, the nursing defect rate has been greatly reduced, and the satisfaction of children's families has also been improved. Therefore, this nursing concept has great promotion value in clinical practice, which should be highly valued by people.
[Key words] "Zero defect"; Nursing management; Management concept; Pediatric surgery; Nursing management
在通常情況下,危重病癥會(huì)運(yùn)用手術(shù)治療的手段,但是手術(shù)期間存在眾多的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,若護(hù)理方法不當(dāng),將會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的后果?,F(xiàn)今護(hù)理水平在不斷提高,因患者的護(hù)理要求在提升,對(duì)于小兒手術(shù)而言,“零缺陷”護(hù)理管理理念在其中扮演重要的作用,術(shù)中的安全性也被保障[1]?,F(xiàn)隨機(jī)擇取2018年1月—2019年7月于該院收治的72例小兒手術(shù)患者作為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 ?資料與方法
1.1 ?一般資料
隨機(jī)擇取于該院收治的72例小兒手術(shù)患者作為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表的方法,將其劃分成對(duì)照組與實(shí)驗(yàn)組,各36例。對(duì)照組男20例,女16例;年齡5個(gè)月~12歲,平均年齡(3.1±2.8)歲;尿道下裂14例,腹股溝斜疝22例。實(shí)驗(yàn)組男25例,女11例;年齡7個(gè)月~10歲,平均年齡(4.5±3.7)歲;腹股溝斜疝29例,巨結(jié)腸根治7例。對(duì)照組與實(shí)驗(yàn)組的年齡、性別、病情的資料差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,該次研究所有患兒均獲得家屬同意,家屬知曉具體的研究過程,簽署知情同意書,且該院倫理委員會(huì)監(jiān)督該次實(shí)驗(yàn)的實(shí)施。
1.2 ?方法
對(duì)照組患兒運(yùn)用常規(guī)的護(hù)理手段,醫(yī)護(hù)人員對(duì)小兒的生命體征進(jìn)行全面的檢查,實(shí)行各種基礎(chǔ)性的護(hù)理護(hù)理。實(shí)驗(yàn)組運(yùn)用“零缺陷”護(hù)理管理理念,護(hù)理人員加大巡視與檢查力度,及時(shí)地發(fā)現(xiàn)各種潛在的護(hù)理風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并形成針對(duì)性的護(hù)理策略。對(duì)于手術(shù)患者護(hù)理過程中產(chǎn)生的缺陷,護(hù)理人員會(huì)集體進(jìn)行探討,找出問題的原因,形成針對(duì)性的解決策略,還會(huì)對(duì)各種設(shè)備進(jìn)行充分的消毒與檢查,運(yùn)用無菌化操作的手段[2]。此外,術(shù)前還會(huì)進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)的護(hù)理,全面地評(píng)估患者術(shù)前的生命體征,與患兒家屬進(jìn)行積極的溝通,降低其心理負(fù)擔(dān),知曉具體的手術(shù)過程,并講述一些可能出現(xiàn)的不良反應(yīng),家屬產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的心理準(zhǔn)備,并向家屬講解各種成功的案例。此外,術(shù)中也可能產(chǎn)生各種護(hù)理缺陷,對(duì)于術(shù)中的鑷子等進(jìn)行全面地檢查,確保各種手術(shù)設(shè)備都齊全,且對(duì)數(shù)量進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的核對(duì)[3]。切口護(hù)理也至關(guān)重要,遵循無菌化護(hù)理的手段,術(shù)前對(duì)患兒手術(shù)位置開展全面地判斷,此外,患兒的年齡過小,患兒應(yīng)戴上具有姓名、病區(qū)等的標(biāo)牌,用藥劑量等都是以千克作為依據(jù)。
1.3 ?判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
比較對(duì)照組與實(shí)驗(yàn)組的護(hù)理缺陷率與護(hù)理滿意度,醫(yī)院自行設(shè)計(jì)護(hù)理滿意度調(diào)查表,家屬代替患兒填寫問卷調(diào)查[4]。
1.4 ?統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
對(duì)所有研究數(shù)據(jù)均采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用(%)表示,進(jìn)行χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 ?結(jié)果
2.1 ?護(hù)理缺陷率
經(jīng)護(hù)理干預(yù)后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組的護(hù)理缺陷率明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2 ?護(hù)理滿意度
經(jīng)護(hù)理干預(yù)后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組的護(hù)理滿意度明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
3 ?討論
“零缺陷”護(hù)理管理理念在小兒手術(shù)護(hù)理質(zhì)量管理中的應(yīng)用需獲得人們的高度重視,護(hù)理人員運(yùn)用全面的護(hù)理手段,但患兒手術(shù)會(huì)存在眾多危險(xiǎn)因素,應(yīng)該運(yùn)用“零缺陷”護(hù)理管理理念[5]。同時(shí),小兒的身體機(jī)能尚未健全,術(shù)中的危險(xiǎn)性會(huì)顯著增大,術(shù)前護(hù)理人員應(yīng)知曉患者的手術(shù)項(xiàng)目、以往病史等,確保手術(shù)具備科學(xué)性、規(guī)范性的特點(diǎn),當(dāng)患兒家屬產(chǎn)生疑問時(shí),護(hù)理人員應(yīng)進(jìn)行耐心地解答。如果家屬提出專業(yè)性強(qiáng)的問題,護(hù)理人員應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)與醫(yī)師溝通,讓醫(yī)師解答患者提出的問題,或者自身轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)醫(yī)師的意思[6]。目前,小兒手術(shù)護(hù)理工作中存在眾多的問題,護(hù)理工作中的紕漏日益增多,產(chǎn)生各種醫(yī)療糾紛事件,護(hù)理人員的護(hù)理意識(shí)應(yīng)該提升,掌握更加優(yōu)良的護(hù)理技巧。另外,手術(shù)室護(hù)理工作的范圍較廣,工作節(jié)奏也過快,每一例患兒的病情具有差異性,如果護(hù)理措施不當(dāng),患者的生命安全將會(huì)受到威脅。在該次實(shí)驗(yàn)中,對(duì)照組切口感染1例,異物殘留1例,手術(shù)部位錯(cuò)誤6例,實(shí)驗(yàn)組切口感染1例,異物殘留0例,手術(shù)部位錯(cuò)誤1例,實(shí)驗(yàn)組的護(hù)理缺陷率(5.56%)明顯低于對(duì)照組(22.22%)(P<0.05),對(duì)照組相當(dāng)滿意20例,滿意3例,不滿意1例,極不滿意12例,實(shí)驗(yàn)組相當(dāng)滿意30例,滿意2例,不滿意3例,極不滿意1例,實(shí)驗(yàn)組的護(hù)理滿意度(88.89%)高于對(duì)照組(63.89%)(P<0.05)。對(duì)于護(hù)理人員而言,其應(yīng)該具備終身學(xué)習(xí)的理念,了解護(hù)理工作的要點(diǎn),確保患者的護(hù)理需求獲得最大程度的滿足,二者間相處良好。
護(hù)理人員不僅應(yīng)協(xié)調(diào)好患兒的情緒,而且還應(yīng)與家屬進(jìn)行溝通,其能了解病人的身體狀況,降低家屬的擔(dān)心度,家屬的情緒十分放松?!傲闳毕荨弊o(hù)理管理理念在小兒手術(shù)護(hù)理質(zhì)量管理中應(yīng)用至關(guān)重要,良好的制度是護(hù)理工作中的重要組成部分,護(hù)理安全性將會(huì)被維護(hù),因此,護(hù)士們應(yīng)具備終身學(xué)習(xí)的理念,秉承良好的個(gè)人防范意識(shí),確?;颊呤艿綕M意的護(hù)理,手術(shù)中的安全性被保障[7]。“零缺陷”護(hù)理管理理念在小兒手術(shù)護(hù)理質(zhì)量管理中存在各種規(guī)章制度,護(hù)理人員應(yīng)加大與患兒家屬的溝通力度,確保護(hù)患關(guān)系較為優(yōu)良,降低不良事件發(fā)生的頻率,手術(shù)能夠順利進(jìn)行。伴隨醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,手術(shù)室中會(huì)具有眾多的設(shè)備,如微創(chuàng)設(shè)備等,護(hù)士需要知道各種設(shè)備的工作原理與運(yùn)用過程,并掌握優(yōu)良的保養(yǎng)措施,在術(shù)前檢查各種設(shè)備的工作狀態(tài),確保其在手術(shù)中能被合理使用[8]。最終,護(hù)理人員的醫(yī)療質(zhì)量意識(shí)也會(huì)明顯提升,將護(hù)理缺陷事件降到最低,術(shù)中的安全性被保障,形成優(yōu)質(zhì)的護(hù)理計(jì)劃,防患于未然。
綜上所述,“零缺陷”護(hù)理管理理念在小兒手術(shù)護(hù)理質(zhì)量管理中應(yīng)用效果優(yōu)良,護(hù)理缺陷率大幅度降低,小兒家屬的滿意度也提升,因此,該種護(hù)理理念在臨床中具有較大的推廣價(jià)值,應(yīng)獲得人們的高度重視。
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(收稿日期:2019-00-00)