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量子點(diǎn)白光LED光譜擬合方法的研究

2020-07-05 15:16劉遠(yuǎn)海何思宇蔣福春柴廣躍
光電工程 2020年6期
關(guān)鍵詞:光量子色域吸收率

劉遠(yuǎn)海,劉 文*,何思宇,蔣福春,柴廣躍,,張 旺

量子點(diǎn)白光LED光譜擬合方法的研究

劉遠(yuǎn)海1,劉 文1*,何思宇1,蔣福春1,柴廣躍1,2,張 旺2

1深圳大學(xué)光電工程學(xué)院,廣東 深圳 518061;2深圳技術(shù)大學(xué)新能源與新材料學(xué)院,廣東 深圳 518118

量子點(diǎn)材料具有發(fā)光光譜窄、發(fā)光波長可調(diào)及熒光量子產(chǎn)率高等特點(diǎn),其制成的發(fā)光器件在提升色域方面更具潛力。本文介紹了一種由藍(lán)光LED激發(fā)CdSe紅、綠光量子點(diǎn)并結(jié)合表色系統(tǒng)計(jì)算方法配得白光的計(jì)算方法。經(jīng)多次實(shí)驗(yàn)確定,紅、綠光量子點(diǎn)與膠水配比為(1∶60)和(1∶10),膠量測試范圍為1.4 μL~2.2 μL和3.0 μL~5.0 μL。采用傳統(tǒng)LED制作方式和分層結(jié)構(gòu)制得樣品,測試此膠量范圍對藍(lán)光的吸收、轉(zhuǎn)化比率,經(jīng)Matlab擬合得到膠量與吸收、轉(zhuǎn)化率的函數(shù)關(guān)系。取上述測試膠量范圍形成的白光區(qū)域點(diǎn)(0.34,0.3),得到紅、綠光量子點(diǎn)膠量為1.9 μL和4.55 μL,根據(jù)光譜計(jì)算公式得到對應(yīng)的理論光譜。再根據(jù)上述膠量制作驗(yàn)證樣品,測試得到色坐標(biāo)點(diǎn)為(0.3409, 0.2992)且對應(yīng)的光譜與理論光譜也基本重合。

量子點(diǎn);白光LED;Matlab;光譜擬合

1 引 言

21世紀(jì)是一個信息與顯示時代,顯示技術(shù)無處不在,如智能手機(jī)、電腦等都與顯示技術(shù)息息相關(guān)[1]。目前,用做顯示背光源的白光LED主要由藍(lán)光LED芯片與一種或多種熒光粉組合而成,芯片發(fā)出的藍(lán)光與激發(fā)熒光粉獲得的黃光混合得到白光[2]。顯示應(yīng)用希望擁有高顏色飽和度,用于白光LED的熒光粉(如YAG: Ce+)大都具有較寬的發(fā)射光譜,而減小發(fā)射光譜帶寬能夠增大顯示器色域、提高飽和度。因此,窄光譜發(fā)射的熒光材料成為背光領(lǐng)域研究熱點(diǎn)[3]。

量子點(diǎn)是指在空間三個維度上存在量子限域效應(yīng)的半導(dǎo)體晶體材料,又被稱為“人造原子”[4-5]。與傳統(tǒng)熒光粉相比,半導(dǎo)體量子點(diǎn)作為一種新型波長轉(zhuǎn)換材料具有發(fā)射光譜窄[6]、量子產(chǎn)率高、容易與器件集成等優(yōu)良特性[7-8],并且可以通過改變尺寸來調(diào)控其光學(xué)和電學(xué)性質(zhì)[9-11]。量子點(diǎn)背光因其RGB三色的半峰寬窄,色純度高,因而可以實(shí)現(xiàn)更高的色域,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)NTSC110%的色域[12]。近期,南京理工大學(xué)學(xué)報報道了使用綠色和紅色CsPbX3 PeQDs/PMMA薄膜作為熒光轉(zhuǎn)換材料的白光LED器件,得到的色域顯著大于NTSC的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)色域[13-14]。韓國學(xué)者報道了藍(lán)光LED激發(fā)5種顏色無機(jī)鈣鈦礦量子點(diǎn)的白光LED,色域達(dá)到了NTSC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)色域的145%[15]。

目前,針對光譜疊加的研究較多,如通過光功率譜的配比得到高顯色性白光[16],但未結(jié)合實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中熒光粉質(zhì)量比加以驗(yàn)證。本文利用藍(lán)光激發(fā)CdSe紅光和綠光量子點(diǎn)得到白光,測得不同量的量子點(diǎn)對應(yīng)的光功率譜,通過Matlab擬合出紅、綠光量子點(diǎn)膠體用量與吸收率、轉(zhuǎn)化率關(guān)系式,利用光譜疊加原理擬合出白光,經(jīng)實(shí)際配量測出的光譜與理論光譜基本一致,這對于今后的實(shí)際配粉工作具有一定指導(dǎo)作用。

2 實(shí)驗(yàn)原理與過程

2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)原理

量子點(diǎn)光致發(fā)光原理[16]是量子點(diǎn)材料吸收光子后電子躍遷產(chǎn)生新的光子。材料在吸收光子后產(chǎn)生輻射復(fù)合與非輻射復(fù)合兩個過程,新的光子產(chǎn)生于輻射復(fù)合過程,故新光子存在一定的轉(zhuǎn)化效率。本實(shí)驗(yàn)將量子點(diǎn)與膠水的混合物作為研究對象,故考慮利用量子點(diǎn)膠體對藍(lán)光的吸收率與其轉(zhuǎn)化成紅、綠光的轉(zhuǎn)化率進(jìn)行光譜計(jì)算。

實(shí)驗(yàn)樣品結(jié)構(gòu)如圖1所示,測試得到紅、綠光量子點(diǎn)膠量對藍(lán)光的吸收率及轉(zhuǎn)化率,通過Matlab計(jì)算擬合吸收、轉(zhuǎn)化率與膠量的最優(yōu)函數(shù)關(guān)系式。紅綠藍(lán)三色光的光功率計(jì)算方法如式(1)~式(3)所示:

其中:2為紅光光功率,0為藍(lán)光初始光功率,0為紅光量子點(diǎn)吸收率,0為紅光量子點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化率;4為綠光光功率,1為綠光量子點(diǎn)吸收率,1為綠光量子點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化率;3為藍(lán)光所剩光功率。白光絕對光譜計(jì)算方法如式(4)所示:

其中:P(λ)為白光絕對光譜,P1(λ)為藍(lán)光相對光譜,P2(λ)為紅光相對光譜,P3(λ)為綠光相對光譜。

由白光光譜()得到對應(yīng)的色坐標(biāo)點(diǎn),則需要引入國際照明委員(CIE)1931 XYZ表色系統(tǒng)計(jì)算方法[17]:

其中:,,為色坐標(biāo),為人眼對于紅、綠、藍(lán)色感知強(qiáng)度,它們分別為

其中:()光源光譜功率分布,()、()、()為顏色匹配函數(shù),為調(diào)整系數(shù)。

2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)過程

1) LED芯片與支架焊接,并打線。

2) 分別測得藍(lán)光LED芯片、紅、綠光量子點(diǎn)的相對光譜:1()、2()、3()。

3) 測出藍(lán)光芯片初始光功率為0。

4) 量子點(diǎn)與環(huán)氧按比例混合均勻,在藍(lán)光芯片上利用點(diǎn)膠機(jī)點(diǎn)入一層紅光量子點(diǎn)膠體(膠量:),計(jì)算擬合得到紅光量子點(diǎn)對藍(lán)光的吸收率函數(shù)0=R1(),轉(zhuǎn)化率函數(shù)0=R2()。

5) 同步驟4)計(jì)算擬合得到綠光量子點(diǎn)(膠量:)對藍(lán)光的吸收率函數(shù)1=G1(),轉(zhuǎn)化率函數(shù)1=G2()。

6) 根據(jù)式(1)~式(4)計(jì)算出白光絕對光譜。

7) 再由白光光譜及式(5)~式(12)計(jì)算出色坐標(biāo)點(diǎn)。

3 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果及數(shù)據(jù)分析

3.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟

分別測得LED芯片、紅光量子點(diǎn)和綠光量子點(diǎn)的相對光譜,如圖2所示。

經(jīng)多次實(shí)驗(yàn)確定紅光量子點(diǎn)與膠水配比(1:60),綠光量子點(diǎn)與膠水配比(1:10),按照表1所示膠量,將膠體量子點(diǎn)點(diǎn)入LED杯碗(型號2835)中,固化、恒流測量光功率,得到吸收率和轉(zhuǎn)化率如表1所示。

通過Matlab曲線擬合得到紅、綠光量子點(diǎn)吸收和轉(zhuǎn)化率曲線,如圖3所示。

圖3(a)曲線得到紅光量子點(diǎn)吸收率函數(shù):

R1()=-0.06212+0.3012+0.2405;

圖3(b)曲線得到紅光量子點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化率數(shù):

R2()=-0.19393+1.0182-1.6786+1.0576;

圖3(c)曲線得到綠光量子點(diǎn)吸收率函數(shù):

G1()=-0.00742+0.1046+0.4863;

圖2 (a) 藍(lán)光芯片相對光譜;(b) 綠光量子點(diǎn)相對光譜;(c) 紅光量子點(diǎn)相對光譜

表1 不同量子點(diǎn)膠量的吸收和轉(zhuǎn)化率

圖3 (a) 紅光量子點(diǎn)吸收率擬合曲線;(b) 紅光量子點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化率擬合曲線;(c) 綠光量子點(diǎn)吸收率擬合曲線;(d) 綠光量子點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化率擬合曲線

圖3(d)曲線得到綠光量子點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化率數(shù):

G2()=-0.01264+0.212813-1.33682+3.6827-3.5381。

取紅、綠光量子點(diǎn)膠量最大、最小值的4種組合計(jì)算得到對應(yīng)的吸收、轉(zhuǎn)化率,再由式(1)~式(4)計(jì)算出光譜,將光譜帶入式(5)~式(12)計(jì)算得到邊界點(diǎn)的色坐標(biāo)值:2(0.4006,0.3009),2(0.3327,0.3102),3(0.3027,0.2508),4(0.3661,0.2603),得到色坐標(biāo)計(jì)算區(qū)域如圖4所示。

圖4 色坐標(biāo)計(jì)算區(qū)域

驗(yàn)證理論計(jì)算的準(zhǔn)確性,取色坐標(biāo)為(0.34,0.3),利用色坐標(biāo)計(jì)算式(5)~式(12)及紅、綠光量子點(diǎn)吸收、轉(zhuǎn)化函數(shù)反推得到紅、綠光量子點(diǎn)膠量分別為1.52 μL和4.65 μL,得到預(yù)測光譜與實(shí)際光譜如圖5所示。理論計(jì)算與實(shí)際光譜偏差太大,考慮以下兩種原因引起誤差:一是在制作測試樣品過程中紅光量子點(diǎn)經(jīng)過兩次加熱,引起量子點(diǎn)缺陷暴露,導(dǎo)致光譜誤差較大,二是不同膠量對于出光的影響。

圖5 預(yù)測光譜與實(shí)際光譜

3.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)誤差驗(yàn)證分析

驗(yàn)證紅光量子點(diǎn)加熱兩次損失情況:通過在烘箱里加熱,對比一次加熱和兩次加熱的紅光光功率,如圖6(a)所示,發(fā)現(xiàn)紅光光功率衰減約5%,可認(rèn)為上述誤差不是由紅光量子點(diǎn)二次加溫導(dǎo)致的。

本模型計(jì)算中將彈體假定為球形彈,將上述參數(shù)代入式(41)和式(43)得到,vr為599 m·s-1,vh 為1 503 m·s-1,這些理論計(jì)算值與實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察結(jié)果[9]一致。當(dāng)彈體以較高沖擊速度侵徹混凝土靶板時,由于燒蝕和磨損效應(yīng)會造成一些質(zhì)量損失,這將在以后的工作中予以考慮。

驗(yàn)證不同膠量對于出光的影響:經(jīng)光學(xué)顯微鏡觀察不同樣品發(fā)現(xiàn),膠量少時樣品表面形成凹面,膠量多時樣品表面形成凸面,結(jié)構(gòu)如圖6(b)所示。取兩個不同白膠膠量分別制得凹凸面樣品,測試結(jié)果如圖6(c)所示。分析原因?yàn)椋核{(lán)光經(jīng)過凹表面時易發(fā)生全反射,藍(lán)光出光減少,紅光量子點(diǎn)吸收的藍(lán)光增加;藍(lán)光經(jīng)過凸表面時減少全反射發(fā)生,藍(lán)光出光增加,紅光量子點(diǎn)吸收的藍(lán)光減少。因此,實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中需要考慮紅光量子點(diǎn)膠量與綠光量子點(diǎn)膠量的相互影響。

3.3 改進(jìn)過程及結(jié)果

之前實(shí)驗(yàn)分析僅以紅、綠光量子點(diǎn)的量作為自變量來計(jì)算獲得紅、綠量子點(diǎn)吸收、轉(zhuǎn)化率。但實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)膠水量對于出光也有較大影響,故而改進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)將紅、綠光量子點(diǎn)的量和白膠膠量作為自變量來擬合紅、綠光量子點(diǎn)的吸收、轉(zhuǎn)化率。采用一種量子點(diǎn)膠量對應(yīng)五種白膠膠量的方法,制得樣品并測試得到吸收、轉(zhuǎn)化率與膠量的關(guān)系如圖7所示。

圖6 (a) 紅光量子點(diǎn)兩次加熱影響;(b) 凹、凸面樣品示意圖;(c) 凹凸面對于藍(lán)光出光影響

圖7 (a) 紅光量子點(diǎn)吸收率擬合曲面;(b) 紅光量子點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換率率擬合曲面; (c) 綠光量子點(diǎn)吸收率擬合曲面;(d) 綠光量子點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換率率擬合曲面

圖7(a)曲面為紅光量子點(diǎn)吸收率函數(shù):

R1(,)=1.3211-0.3534-0.3059
+0.07032+0.0637+0.01772;

圖7(b)曲面為紅光量子點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換率函數(shù):

R2(,)=-1.4401-15.0701+9.4111

+13.96012-1.8301-3.3142-4.96413
-0.01012+0.50382+0.49713+0.63754

+0.04323-0.031822-0.03433-0.02784;

圖7(c)曲面為綠光量子點(diǎn)吸收率函數(shù):

G1(,)=0.5188+0.1145-0.0457-0.01012-0.01012;

圖7(d)曲面為綠光量子點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化率函數(shù):

G2(,)=-20.8501+14.8101+15.9401

-5.22212-2.1771-11.24012+0.84653

+0.25012+0.64392+3.79213-0.05014

-0.00423-0.053622-0.04013-0.51314。

取紅、綠光量子點(diǎn)膠量最大、最小值的4種組合計(jì)算得到對應(yīng)的吸收、轉(zhuǎn)化率,再由式(1)~式(4)計(jì)算出光譜,將光譜帶入式(5)~式(12)計(jì)算得到邊界點(diǎn)的色坐標(biāo)值:1(0.3648,0.3003),2(0.3327,0.3102),3(0.3203,0.2719),4(0.3637,0.2662),得到色坐標(biāo)計(jì)算區(qū)域如圖8所示。

圖8 色坐標(biāo)計(jì)算區(qū)域

圖9 (a) 預(yù)測與實(shí)際光譜;(b) 預(yù)測與實(shí)際色坐標(biāo)點(diǎn);(c) 樣品點(diǎn)亮前后效果圖

4 總結(jié)與展望

本文采用藍(lán)光激發(fā)CdSe紅、綠光量子點(diǎn)制得量子點(diǎn)白光LED。通過理論計(jì)算出白光光譜,結(jié)合量子點(diǎn)配粉驗(yàn)證光譜,確定出白光光譜與實(shí)際量子點(diǎn)粉及膠量之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系,最終得到理論光譜與實(shí)際光譜基本一致。本文只考慮白光光譜擬合的一致性,而未考慮最終樣品的光效、顯色指數(shù)及色溫等性能參數(shù),所以后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)將繼續(xù)深入研究。

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Study on spectral fitting method of quantum dot white LED

Liu Yuanhai1, Liu Wen1*, He Siyu1, Jiang Fuchun1, Chai Guangyue1,2, Zhang Wang2

1College of Photoelectric Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518061, China;2College of New Energy and New Materials, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, China

Prediction and actual spectrum

Overview:Quantum dot material is a new semiconductor luminescent material which has the characteristics of narrow luminescent spectrum, adjustable luminescent wavelength and high quantum yield. Because of its narrow fluorescence spectrum, the light-emitting device is very helpful to improve the color gamut and saturation in the backlight field. Quantum dot materials are used as backlight devices to improve the color gamut and saturation which need to match the white light to meet the requirements through the principle of three primary colors. At present, there are many studies on the fitting method of white light spectrum, but it is not verified by the quality ratio of fluorescent materials in actual production. Based on the CIE 1931 XYZ surface color system, a new white light spectrum fitting method is developed in this paper.

The ratio of red and green QDs to glue was (1: 60) and (1: 10). The test range of the glue content was 1.4 μL~2.2 μL and 3.0 μL~5.0 μL. In the experiment, the traditional LED manufacturing method is used and the red green quantum dots are excited by the characteristics of blue light short wavelength and high energy to obtain the red green blue three colors which are mixed into white light. At the same time, due to the more stable nature of red quantum dots, the layered structure of red quantum dots under green quantum dots is adopted. Make samples according to the above-mentioned manufacturing method, test the absorption and conversion ratio of different samples to blue light, get the functional relationship between glue amount and absorption and conversion ratio through Matlab fitting, and then substitute it into the calculation formula to get the white light area. In the experiment, it is found that the amount of red-green quantum dots with layered structure will affect each other's absorption conversion; therefore, when fitting the functional relationship between the amount of glue and the absorption conversion, it is necessary to take the amount of red-green quantum dots as an independent variable at the same time.

According to the spectral fitting method, the white light region of each sample in the color coordinate is calculated, and a point (0.34, 0.3) in the region is taken. The corresponding red and green quantum dots are 1.9 μL and 4.55 μL by the inverse use of the spectral fitting method, so the corresponding theoretical spectrum is obtained. Then, according to the above-mentioned amount of glue, the white light spectrum is obtained, which basically coincides with the theoretical spectrum, and the color coordinate points (0.3409, 0.2992) obtained from the actual spectrum are also basically close. The fitting method of white light spectrum introduced in this paper is combined with the actual production and verified, which has a certain reference value for the preparation of white light of photoluminescent products.

Citation: Liu Y H, Liu W, He S Y,Study on spectral fitting method of quantum dot white LED[J]., 2020, 47(6): 190288

Study on spectral fitting method of quantum dot white LED

Liu Yuanhai1, Liu Wen1*, He Siyu1, Jiang Fuchun1, Chai Guangyue1,2, Zhang Wang2

1College of Photoelectric Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518061, China;2College of New Energy and New Materials, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, China

Quantum dot materials have the characteristics of narrow luminescence spectrum, adjustable luminescence wavelength and high fluorescence quantum yield. The quantum dot LEDs have more potential in improving color gamut. In this paper, a method of white light generation by blue LED excited CdSe red and green quantum dots is introduced. The ratio of red and green quantum dots to glue was (1∶60) and (1∶10), and the test range of glue content was 1.4 μL~2.2 μL and 3.0 μL~5.0 μL. The samples were prepared by traditional method and layered structure. The absorption and conversion ratio of blue light in the range of glue amount were tested. The function relationship between glue amount and absorption and conversion was obtained by Matlab fitting. When taking the dots (0.34, 0.3) in white light region formed in the above test glue amount range, the red and green quantum dots were calculated with glue amount of 1.9 μL and 4.55 μL, and the corresponding theoretical spectrum was established according to the spectral calculation formula. According to the above glueamount, the verificationsamples were madeand tested the color coordinates (0.3409, 0.2992) and the homologousspectra were basically coincident with the theoretical spectra.

quantum dots; white LED; Matlab; spectral fitting

O433.4

A

10.12086/oee.2020.190288

: Liu Y H, Liu W, He S Y,. Study on spectral fitting method of quantum dot white LED[J]., 2020,47(6): 190288

劉遠(yuǎn)海,劉文,何思宇,等. 量子點(diǎn)白光LED光譜擬合方法的研究[J]. 光電工程,2020,47(6): 190288

Supported by National Fund Committee-Shenzhen Unite Fund Key Support Project (U1613212)

* E-mail: liuwen@szu.edu.cn

2019-05-29;

2019-12-24

國家基金委—深圳市聯(lián)合基金重點(diǎn)支持資助項(xiàng)目(U1613212)

劉遠(yuǎn)海(1993-),男,碩士,主要從事光器件封裝的研究。E-mail:yuanhailiu0489@163.com

劉文(1968-),男,博士,副教授,主要從事半導(dǎo)體工藝及應(yīng)用技術(shù)的研究。E-mail:liuwen@szu.edu.cn

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